Peculiarities of the autonomic balance assessed through heart rate variability analysis in sportsmen and nonsportsmen (original) (raw)
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The Peculiarities of Heart Rate Variability in Student Athletes
International Journal of Biomedicine, 2021
The aim of this research was to study the peculiarities of heart rate variability (HRV) and microcirculation in students, depending on their sport specialization. Methods and Results: Our study included the results of a survey of 96 students from 18 to 21 years of age who were the members of the national teams of their universities in athletics (n=49) and floorball (n=47). For ECG registration and analysis of hemodynamic findings, including those characterizing the HRV, we used the “Medical Soft” sports testing system (“MS FIT Pro”). For monitoring, we used the standard hemodynamic patterns (blood pressure, HR, stroke volume, cardiac output, and others), statistical and spectral indicators of the HRV, as well as an integral criterion of the state of microcirculation. The studied HRV parameters in most students generally were within the age range. At the same time, track and field athletes have large adaptive resources and, consequently, a more optimal level of myocardial fitness, in...
Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 2013
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the cardiac autonomic profile in professional soccer players during a competitive season (9 months follow-up, 2011-2012 season). METHODS: 12 members from a United Arab Emirates Pro-League soccer team (age: 26 ± 3.4 yr, weight: 70 ± 8.3 kg, height: 175 ± 0.1 cm, percentage of body fat: 12.5 ± 1.7; mean ± SD) were studied once a month. Short-term recordings (5 minutes) were made with a Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor in two positions: supine (S) and 90° head-up tilt (T), immediately after awakening (match day morning). HRV was analyzed with time and frequency domain methods from RR intervals. Spectral components as high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) were obtained using nonparametric method (fast Fourier transform algorithm). The quotient between LF/HF ratios in position T and S was obtained as final LF/HF ratio (F LF/HF r). Monthly training intensity (MTI) was estimated from daily heart rate values through Polar Team2 system. Exposure to football and injury incidence per player was determined. RESULTS: The subjects played an average of 3.6 games per month. In 66.7 % of the players, F LF/HF r gradually decreased during the competitive period (p<0.05). Between seventh and eighth month, MTI decreased (3.3 and 4.3 %), but the average of games played per month increase significantly from 2.8 (sixth month) to 5.7 and 6 (p<0.05). In this period, they reached the lower F LF/HF r values (0.46-1.07) and got injured (muscle injuries) at the same day of HRV assessment. From this group a portion of players (50 %) finished the season with higher values of injury incidence (from 31.6 to 58.2 injuries/1000 hs soccer). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the autonomic activity in soccer players may vary according to MTI and frequency of games played during the season. Significant decrease of F LF/HF ratio reflect a sympathovagal imbalance and it could be relevant to have into account especially within a congested match schedule, when a complete recovery is essential to prevent injuries.
Heart rate variability in athletes and nonathletes at rest and during head-up tilt
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2005
The purpose of the present study was to determine if autonomic heart rate modulation, indicated by heart rate variability (HRV), differs during supine rest and head-up tilt (HUT) when sedentary and endurance-trained cyclists are compared. Eleven sedentary young men (S) and 10 trained cyclists (C) were studied. The volunteers were submitted to a dynamic ECG Holter to calculate HRV at rest and during a 70º HUT. The major aerobic capacity of athletes was expressed by higher values of V. O 2 at anaerobic threshold and peak conditions (P < 0.05). At rest the athletes had lower heart rates (P < 0.05) and higher values in the time domain of HRV compared with controls (SD of normal RR interval, SDNN, medians): 59.1 ms (S) vs 89.9 ms (C), P < 0.05. During tilt athletes also had higher values in the time domain of HRV compared with controls (SDNN, medians): 55.7 ms (S) vs 69.7 ms (C), P < 0.05. No differences in power spectral components of HRV at rest or during HUT were detected between groups. Based on the analysis of data by the frequency domain method, we conclude that in athletes the resting bradycardia seems to be much more related to changes in intrinsic mechanisms than to modifications in autonomic control. Also, HUT caused comparable changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the sinus node in both groups.
Detailed heart rate variability analysis in athletes
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2016
Objective Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis has been used to evaluate patients with various cardiovascular diseases. While the vast majority of HRV studies have focused on pathological states, our study focuses on the less explored area of HRV analysis across different training intensity and sports. We aimed to measure HRV in healthy elite and masters athletes and compare to healthy, but non-athletic controls. Methods Time-domain HRV analysis was applied in 138 athletes (male 110, age 28.4 ± 8.3) and 100 controls (male 56, age 28.3 ± 6.9) during Holter monitoring (21.3 ± 3.0 h). Results All studied parameters were higher in elite athletes compared to controls [SDNN (CI) 225.3 (216.2-234.5) vs 158.6 (150.2-167.1) ms; SDNN Index (CI) 99.6 (95.6-103.7) vs 72.4 (68.7-76.2) ms; pNN50 (CI) 24.2 (22.2-26.3) vs 14.4 (12.7-16.3) %; RMSSD (CI) 71.8 (67.6-76.2) vs 50.8 (46.9-54.8) ms; p \ 0.001]. Masters had higher HRV values than controls, but no significant differences were found between elite athletes and masters athletes. Some parameters were higher in canoeistskayakers and bicyclists than runners. Lower cutoff values in elite athletes were SDNN: 147.4 ms, SDNN Index: 66.6 ms, pNN50: 9.7 %, RMSSD: 37.9 ms. Interpretation Autonomic regulation in elite athletes described with HRV is significantly different than in healthy controls. Sports modality and level of performance, but not age-or sex-influenced HRV. Our study provides athletic normal HRV values. Further investigations are needed to determine its role in risk stratification, optimization of training, or identifying overtraining.
The aim of our study was to investigate the infl uence of regular sport training on the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and to disclose patterns of interrelations between them. The activity of the ANS was evaluated by means of the spectral analysis of heart rate variability (SA HRV). We used complex indices (total score – TS, vagal activity – VA, sympathovagal balance – SVB) and age standardized values of total spectral power (P T) for SA HRV results evaluation (Stejskal et al., 2002). The study group consisted of four ice hockey players, of whom all were 17 years old. The SA HRV was monitored by using VarCor PF7 hardware and VarCorMulti computer software, which enables four individuals to be measured at the same time. The examination of heart rate variability took place once a week in the morning. Information about the previous day's training load, the duration and quality of sleep, and their self-reported health status (SRH) was also obtained by completing a que...
A Study on Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability of Athletes, Non-athletes and Cricketers
American Journal of Sports Science, 2020
Resting heart rate (RHR) is a primary marker to understand the overall physical state of an individual. Rhythmic changes in heart rate (HR) at any given point reflect the complex interactions between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves system. Assessment of workload through HR can be confusing unless RHR is known. RHR & heart rate variability (HRV) at rest are important to justify training load, recovery and adaptation in sports. The study was carried out to explore the values of RHR and HRV parameters of cricketers, athletes and non-athletes of West Bengal. Forty three male volunteers with a mean age of 20.2 ± 2.1 years were selected for the study. Five minutes R-R intervals were recorded during resting state in the supine position. Mean HR, SDNN, and rMSSD of cricketers has been found to be 57 ± 5 bpm, 54.5 ± 15.7 ms, and 66.8 ± 21.6 ms respectively. No significant difference found in SDNN and rMSSD of three groups but a significant (p < 0.05) difference has been observed in RHR of cricketers. A low resting heart rate, a kind of bradycardia, has been found in the cricketers.
Influence of Autonomic Control on the Specific Intermittent Performance of Judo Athletes
Journal of Human Kinetics
Judo is a high-intensity intermittent combat sport which causes cardiac adaptations both morphologically and related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this study aims to verify the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) at rest with performance in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and whether groups with different RR values at rest show different performance in the SJFT and during post-test recovery. Sixteen judo athletes with 7.2 ± 3.9 years of training experience participated in the study. Before and after the SJFT execution HRV and lactate measurements were conducted. For HRV analysis, we used the mean interval RR, the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in normalized and absolute units. The sample was split into two groups (low RR and high RR) to verify if this variable could differentiate between specific performance. For ...
System for Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Athletes
IFMBE Proceedings, 2013
It has been reported that regular aerobic activity causes adaptations in the Autonomic Nervous System, modifying cardiovascular parameters. The sportive performance is associated with the individual cardiovascular conditioning, and the heart rate variability analysis (HRV) is a way to evaluate this status. This paper describes the difference between the HRV indexes of athletes and non-athletes, aiming to assist the professionals in the athletes' cardiovascular conditioning evaluation during its training. A system was developed to analyse the indices and had its implementation described.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2016
PURPOSE: In order to investigate nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) related adaptations in the autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability (HRV) was examined in a professional soccer player (age: 28.6 years; weight: 77.4 kg; height: 177.1 cm; adiposity: 12.1 %; VO2 Max 57 ml/kg/min) who showed reduced performance in competitions, frequent muscular fatigue during some training sessions (same period), and finally getting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). METHODS: HRV analysis was performed once a week during three periods of competitive season: initial, NFOR state and post-recovery (5-month follow-up). Short-term recordings (5 minutes) were made with a Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor in two positions: supine (S) and 90° head-up tilt (T), immediately after awakening (match day morning). Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and power spectral density were measured. LF/HF ratios in S and T positions were calculated and mean resting heart rate (RHR) was also analysed. Seven players from the same team and with normal performances during the season were used as a control group (age: 26.6 ± 3.1 years; weight: 73.2 ± 6 kg; height: 176.7 ± 10 cm; adiposity: 12.9 ± 1.6 %; VO2 Max 55.7 ± 1.8 ml/kg/min). The typical 95% confidence interval (CI) in every HRV parameter was calculated in this group. To be diagnosed as NFOR, the subject had to reveal a 95% difference with respect to the lower or upper CI limit reported in the control group. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. RESULTS: LF/HF ratio decreased progressively throughout the competitive period in S and it was substantially different in comparison with control subjects in T during the NFOR state (0.26 ± 0.62 vs. 2.03 ± 1.25). Relevant differences of RMSSD in S (107.6 ± 20.2 vs. 74.6 ± 23.8 ms) and T (140.3 ± 15.3 vs. 61.6 ± 21.6 ms) were found in NFOR. According to this phenomenon, RHR was lower than the control group in S (45.3 ± 1.7 vs. 55.7 ± 6.5 bpm) and T (48.2 ± 2.4 vs. 59.8 ± 9.1 bpm) and returned to baseline after recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a sympathovagal imbalance with extensive parasympathetic modulation in a player identified as overreached. Relevant increase of RMSSD and decrease of LF/HF ratio reflect alterations in autonomic function, which should be taken into account when complete recovery is essential to prevent overtraining syndrome.