FEEDING POTENTIAL AND BIOLOGY OF COCCINELLID PREDATOR CHEILOMENES SEXMACULATA (FABRICIUS) (COLEOPTERA) ON APHID HOSTS (original) (raw)
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Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) predates on soft bodied, plants sap feeding insect pests. This species is a potential biocontrol agent to use in augmentative release programmes and requires more biological and ecological data. The objective of this study was to examine the development biology of M.sexmaculatus and to assess its suitability as a biocontrol agent. The study was conducted in the. All the experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 27ºC and 80 % RH. Mean incubation period of eggs was 3.0 ± 0.4 days. The total larval duration was 7.1 ± 0.5 days; L1, L2, L3 and L4 durations were 2.1 ± 0.3, 1.1 ± 0.4, 1.9 ± 0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.3 days, respectively. The pre-pupal and pupal periods were 1.1 ± 0.3 and 3.1± 0.3 days, respectively. Mean longevity of male and female beetles were 38.0 ± 0.6 and 47.3 ± 1.0 days, respectively. Mean pre-oviposition period was 3.0 ± 0.1 days and the oviposition period was 43.3 ± 1.0 days. The mean body length of L1, L2, L3 and L4 instars were 1.9 ± 0.1, 2.7 ± 0.3, 6.0 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 0.5 mm while, the mean width were 0.4± 0.1, 0.9 ± 0.0, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 3.3 ± 0.1 mm. Mean length and width of adult females were 6.2 ± 0.2 and 4.5 ± 0.3 mm respectively, and those of the males were 4.3 ± 0.5mm and 3.2 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. L1, L2, L3 and L4 larvae consumed aphid nymphs at the rate of 10.3 ± 1.9, 7.5 ± 1.3, 38.1 ± 3.5 and 69.1 ± 3.1 per day, respectively. L1, L2, L3 and L4 consumed adult aphids at the rates of 3.3 ± 0.6, 3.3 ± 0.6, 12.1 ± 0.9 and 25.1 ± 1.7 per day, respectively. Female beetles consumed 1624.1 ± 0.2 nymphs and 1204.3 ± 1.3 adult aphids during their entire adult life span. Males consumed 1302.0 ± 1.5 nymphs and 1006.4 ± 0.4 adult aphids during their entire life span. The feeding efficacy increased with the larval instars. Feeding Efficacy of M.sexmaculatus adults was higher than larvae.
Ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is biological control agent that predate the different aphid species. Both adults and larval stage of M. sexmaculatus feed on aphid species. In this experiment Life table and predation data were collected for M. sexmaculatus feed on four different aphid species Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, Aphis nerii and Diuraphis noxia. This experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions at 25±2°C, 60±5% RH and L14: D10 h. Different numbers of aphid were provided as a pray in petri dish. The pre-adult development duration of M. sexmaculatus was maximum when fed on M. persicae (12.18 d) and minimum on D. noxia (10.64 d). Similarly, male and female duration was maximum on M. persicae (26.7 d), minimum on L. erysimi (23.67 d) in male and in female maximum on D. noxia (28.00 d), minimum on A. nerii (24.33 d). Net reproductive rate (Ro) range from 117.9 on L. erysimi to 99.55 on M. persicae and intrinsic rate o...
PLOS ONE, 2020
The Zigzag ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a biological control agent that feeds on a variety of aphid species. Life table and predation data of C. sexmaculata were collected under laboratory conditions at 25±2˚C, 60±5% RH and L14: D10 h in connection with feeding on four different aphid species; Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis nerii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) and Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Larval development of C. sexmaculata was long when fed on M. persicae (12.18 days) and shorter on D. noxia (10.64 days). The male's lifespan was longer on M. persicae (26.70 days) and shorter on L. erysimi (23.67 days). Fecundity was maximum when the beetle was fed D. noxia (316.8 eggs/female) and minimum on M. persicae (199.1 eggs/female). Net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were highest on D. noxia with values of 158.4 (offspring individual-1), 0.22 d-1 , and 1.24 d-1 , respectively whereas the respective parameters were lowest on L. erysimi (99.5 offspring individual-1 , 0.19 d-1 , and 1.20 d-1 , respectively). However, the mean of the generation (T) was shorter on A. nerii (22.48 d-1) and longer on M. persicae (24.68 d-1). Based on life table parameters obtained under laboratory conditions, the most appropriate host of C. sexmaculata was D. noxia. This study should help us to improve mass rearing and use of C. sexmaculata in the biological control of aphids on field and horticultural crops.
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2022
| Research was conducted to evaluate the biological attributes and feeding efficiency of Menochilus sexmaculata fed on Lipaphis erysimi under laboratory conditions. The mean developmental time from egg till adult emergence was 41.60±0.70 days under laboratory conditions of 24±1c° with 55±5 percent relative humidity (R.H.). The incubation period was 4.00±0.25 days. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition periods were observed at 8.6, 24.1 and 6.0 days, respectively. The total laid eggs/female were 288.4 eggs. The pre-pupae and pupae developmental time was 1.00±0.00 and 6.00±0.08 days, respectively. The overall mean male longevity was 33.40 days, while the mean female longevity was 38.70 days. In larval feeding efficiency, the maximum mean number of aphids (479.6) were consumed by larvae while the minimum mean number of aphids (36.8) were consumed by 1 st larva instar. Female beetle was recorded with a maximum mean number of aphids (2561) consumption as compared to male beetles (1921). Furthermore, the apparent mortality was highest at egg stage, making it the most vulnerable stage in the beetle's life cycle, followed by 1 st instar larval stage, which also showed higher mortality. The maximum survival fraction was observed for pre-pual and fourth instar larvae, while the minimum was found for the egg stage. Mortality survival ratio (MSR) was found to be maximum at the egg stage and minimum at the 4 th instar and pre-pupal stages, while the Indispensable mortality (I.M.) was found to be maximum at the egg stage and minimum at 4 th instar and pre-pupal stages. Life expectancy (ex) was found to be maximum in the egg phase (4.67) and minimum in the pupal phase (1.5). The total K value for the whole generation was 0.33.
Coccinellid beetles due to high foraging performance, immense predatory potential and high reproductive efficacy possess the potential to be effectively employed in biological control programme for several destructive insects such as aphids, coccids, scale insect etc. Cheilomenes sexmaculata is very common in the target area and found abundantly predating on several aphids. Hence, the feeding performance and post embryonic development of C. sexmaculata feeding on three economically important aphids, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii and Lipaphis erysimi have been studied. The grubs of the predator, C. sexmaculata showed greater preference for A. craccivora (141.4± 6.67 aphids) followed by A. gossypii (122.25 ± 7.44 aphids) and L. erysimi (106.95 ± 7.73 aphids). The higher development period was observed on L. erysimi (17.50 ± 0.72 days) than A. gossypii (16.0 ± 0.5 days) and A. craccivora (15.6± 0.24 days). Similarly C. sexmaculata had higher pre-pupal and pupal period when fed on L. erysimi than A. gossypii and A. craccivora. The higher longevity of the C. sexmaculata was observed on A. craccivora (39.6 ± 1.21 days) than A. gossypii (35.25 ± 0.47 days) and L. erysimi (33.25 ± 0.47 days). It is probably due to more preference of A. craccivora than A. gossypii and L. erysimi. Hence, this predator consumed more A. craccivora than A. gossypii and L. erysimi during its life span and also during larval development period.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2005
The life history and predation rate of Lemnia biplagiata (Swartz) fed on Aphis gossypii Glover was studied at 25ЊC in the laboratory. The raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table to take the variable developmental rate among individuals and both sexes into consideration. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) is 0.1570 d Ϫ1 , the Þnite rate of increase () is 1.170 d Ϫ1 , the net reproduction rate (R 0) is 291.1 offspring per individual, the mean generation time (T) is 36.2 d, and the gross reproduction rate (GRR) is 604.8 offspring. L. biplagiata consumed 430 Ϯ 42 aphids (mean Ϯ SD) during the larval stage. The mean consumption rate for an adult during the Þrst 25 d (aged 14 Ð38 d from birth) is 1,548 Ϯ 118 aphids. The mean consumption for an older adult (aged 60 Ð119 d from birth) is 1,319 Ϯ 1,259 aphids. When the survival rate is taken into account, the net consumption rate is 3,022 aphids per individual during the total life span. The transformation rate from prey population to predator offspring is 10.4. The relationship among GRR, R 0 , and the preadult survival rate (l a) is proven as R 0 Ͻ l a ⅐ GRR Ͻ GRR. However, when applying the female age-speciÞc life table to a two-sex population, due to the difÞculty in determining the preadult mortality of the females, the calculated age-speciÞc survival rate and fecundity are possibly incorrect and consequently the relationship among GRR, R 0 , and l a also may be incorrect.
Journal of Crop Protection
Lady beetles are the most important predatory species among arthropods, so studying their population parameters gives a clear picture about their life span. The life histories of variegated lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), fed on the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius, on different host plants were studied under laboratory conditions, at 25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% Relative Humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (Light: Dark) h. Developmental, survival and fecundity data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. According to the age-stage, two-sex life table, the net reproductive rates (R 0) of ladybird fed on S. avenae reared on Triticum aestivum var. tajan, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, Zea mays var. single cross 704 and Sorghum durra var. Speed feed were estimated to be 235.38 ± 36.15, 190.74 ± 33.37, 293.54 ± 46.66 and 137.46 ± 23.66 female offspring / female, respectively. Based on the results, the intrinsic rate of increase as an index of population increase of H. variegata, was 0.181 ± 0.006, 0.179 ± 0.006, 0.163 ± 0.006 and 0.162 ± 0.006 h-1 preyed on host reared on T. aestivum var. tajan Z. mays var. single cross 704 S. durra var. Speed feed and H. vulgare var. Dasht, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that by using the age-stage, two-sex life table we can accurately describe the growth, survival and development of the predator. Our finding may provide basic information for developing aphid biological control programs.
Trends in Biosciences, 2017
An experiment was conducted to determine the feeding potential of ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fab.) on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii in choice and no choice condition of the laboratory in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during July-August 2016. Results revealed that C. sexmaculata was mostly preferred nymph of A. gossypii as compared to adult of aphid. In no chice condition when nymphal stage of aphid as prey host, the total nymph consumption, development period (days) and prey consumption rate per day of grubs of C. sexmaculata were 301.00 to 423.00 (Av. 391.70±34.91), 10.00 to 13.00 (Av. 12.50±0.83) and 109.75 to 127.17 (Av. 118.90±4.14), respectively. Whereas, adults of C. sexmaculata consumed total nymph consumption, development period (days) and prey consumption rate per day were 794.00 to 1418.00 (Av. 1164.00±179.95), 24.00 to 39.00 (Av. 33.90±4.27) and 32.77 to 37.26 (Av. 34.24±1.36), respectively. The adult stage of aphid as prey host in no choice condition, the total adult consumption, development period (days) and prey consumption rate per day of grubs of C. sexmaculata were 261.00 to 366.00 (Av. 335.75±25.40), 11.00 to 13.00 (Av. 11.50±0.69) and 96.17 to 106.33 (Av. 100.92±2.56), respectively. Whereas, adults of C. sexmaculata consumed total adult consumption, development period (days) and prey consumption rate per day were 662.00 to 1203.00 (Av. 911.95±134.38), 24.00 to 38.00 (Av. 31.65±1.08) and 27.36 to 31.66 (Av. 28.73±1.08), respectively. In free choice feeding, grub and adult of C. sexmaculata were preferred more number of nymph of aphid as compared to adult stage of aphid. Total 231.25±10.06 nymphs and 159.40±6.50 adults out of 390.65±15.10 number of aphids (mixed stages) by were consumed by grubs of C. sexmaculata whereas, 574.45±63.91 nymphs and 516.95±45.81 adult of aphid out of 1091.40±103.48 number of aphids (mixed stages) by adult of C. sexmaculata.
European Journal of Entomology, 2008
The life tables of the aphid predators Coccinella septempunctata L., Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Schneider) and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), fed on Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were constructed at constant conditions (25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 2% RH; 16L : 8D). The average total fecundities of C. septempunctata, C. undecimnotata and P. quatuordecimpunctata were 1996.8, 1160.5, and 724.6 eggs / female, and the average longevities were 94.9, 88.3, and 68.9 days, respectively. The net reproductive rates (Ro) were 1004.1, 544.3, and 375.1 females/female, and the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) 0.118, 0.142 and 0.166 females/female/day, respectively.