Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of a Supercritical Thermal Power Plant Through Improved Plant Load Factor, and Optimized Performance of Auxiliary Equipment (original) (raw)
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System Design and Analysis of a "Supercritical Thermal Power Plant" with a capacity of 800 MW.
Supercritical steam power plants meet notably the requirements for high efficiencies to reduce both fuel costs and emissions as well as for a reliable supply of electric energy at low cost. Recent developments in steam turbine technology and high-temperature materials allowed for significant efficiency gains. Introduction of the advanced technology has led to the current expansion of supercritical power plants worldwide. Therefore, In order to cope with the growing demand of power within India, a fundamental understanding of these power plants and implications are necessary. The aim of this report is to provide an analysis of plant and operational features of a Super Critical Power Plant along with impact of coal quality on operational issues.
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This paper mainly studies the energy-saving potential of a 600 MW coal-fired supercritical power plant using the energy-loss analysis method. Main factors in the boiler and turbines such as the main steam temperature and pressure, the turbine cylinder efficiency, the condenser pressure and so on are taken as the variables to analyze the system's thermal and coal consumption rates. In addition, the real operation data at the loads of 75% and 50% are analyzed to trace the added thermal and coal consumptions. These results indicate the energy-saving direction for the system. The analyzing method can also be applied to other power generating systems to analyze the energy loss distributions.
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The integration of supercritical CO2 (SCO2) cycle instead of steam Rankine cycle may be a revolutionary technique to increase the efficiency of coal-fired power plants. To effectively extract exergy from the fluegas and convert exergy to power, the characteristics of hot end (heat reservoir) and cold end (heat sink) should be fully considered, and the system multi-parameters should be optimized. In this study, based on a benchmark coal-fired power plant integrated with a recompression SCO2 power cycle, quantitative efficiency enhancements of system improvements of the hot end and cold end for SCO2 power cycle are calculated and compared. The optimized efficiency of benchmark coal-fired plant integrated with recompression SCO2 power cycle is 45.43%. When the fluegas at the economizer outlet is effectively used, the power plant efficiency can be increased by 1.32%. With single and double reheats to decrease the heat transfer irreversibility of the hot end, the power plant efficiency can be increased by 1.77% and 2.24%, respectively. Cold end optimization with single intercooling and cold air preheating can increase the power plant efficiency by 0.32% and 0.33%, respectively. Finally, a simple structure system and a complex structure system are proposed. With optimal system parameters, the power plant efficiencies of the complex and simple systems are 49.32% and 48.52%, respectively.
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Energy and exergy analyses of a supercritical power plant
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Energy and exergy efficiencies of a supercritical power plant have been studied in this paper. The effect of ambient weather condition was considered on the condenser pressure. It was shown that high ambient temperature has more adverse effect on the exergy efficiency than the energy efficiency. As ambient temperature increases, the exergy efficiency of the boiler, condenser, heaters and feed water pump decrease, while the exergy efficiency of the turbine improves slightly. The analysis showed that exergy efficiency of the supercritical boiler is considerably higher than the conventional boiler but it is still the main source of total irreversibility.
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The consumption of electricity that increase anytime also increases CO2 emissions in the air as a result of coal combustion flue gas at the power plant. The operation of supercritical boilers on the power plant will lead to higher thermal efficiency compared to subcritical boilers. Higher steam pressure boiler will increase the thermal efficiency and automatically reduce CO2 emissions due to a reduction in fuel consumption at the same boiler efficiency and heating value of coal. At 166.9 bar subcritical steam boiler thermal efficiency was 45.47 % and CO2 emissions were 602.2 tons while at supercritical pressure 240 bar, efficiency increased to 47.12 % with a reduction in CO2 emissions of 20.9 tons to 581.3 tons.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SUPERCRITICAL BOILER
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Coal fired power generation is switching over to supercritical (SC) and ultra supercritical (USC) plants which operate with steam on higher temperature and above critical pressure to produce power output at higher thermal efficiency. Due to involvement of high heat resistant material, manufacturing cost of the components of supercritical plants are increases, but due to higher efficiency its operating cost is low as compare to subcritical plants. An analysis has been made in the study to explore the possibilities of operating power plants with steam at higher temperature and pressure. Due to high efficiency of this plant 15 % lower co2 emission is achieved by high steam parameters as compare to subcritical plants. Analysis shows that for different operating condition of boilers and turbine, if there is an increment in the load of boiler and drop in the load of turbine higher efficiency is obtained. There are two parameters boiler maximum continuous rating (BMCR) and turbine maximum continuous rating (TMCR) are varied by increasing the value of steam flow rate of superheaters and reheaters. By increasing or decreasing these values we can find out which condition is best for power generation. A comparative study between subcritical and supercritical boilers and analysing the performance of boilers, Factor affecting efficiency of boilers has carried out with identification and analysis for improved working of supercritical plants
Archives of Thermodynamics, 2013
The objective of the paper is to analyse thermodynamical and operational parameters of the supercritical power plant with reference conditions as well as following the introduction of the hybrid system incorporating ORC. In ORC the upper heat source is a stream of hot water from the system of heat recovery having temperature of 90 °C, which is additionally aided by heat from the bleeds of the steam turbine. Thermodynamical analysis of the supercritical plant with and without incorporation of ORC was accomplished using computational flow mechanics numerical codes. Investigated were six working fluids such as propane, isobutane, pentane, ethanol, R236ea and R245fa. In the course of calculations determined were primarily the increase of the unit power and efficiency for the reference case and that with the ORC.
Advanced Thermodynamic Analysis and Evaluation of a Supercritical Power Plant
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A conventional exergy analysis can highlight the main components having high thermodynamic inefficiencies, but cannot consider the interactions among components or the true potential for the improvement of each component. By splitting the exergy destruction into endogenous/exogenous and avoidable/unavoidable parts, the advanced exergy analysis is capable of providing additional information to conventional exergy analysis for improving the design and operation of energy conversion systems. This paper presents the application of both a conventional and an advanced exergy analysis to a supercritical coal-fired power plant. The results show that the ratio of exogenous exergy destruction differs quite a lot from component to component. In general, almost 90% of the total exergy destruction within turbines comes from their endogenous parts, while that of feedwater preheaters contributes more or less 70% to their total exergy destruction. Moreover, the boiler subsystem is proven to have a large amount of exergy destruction caused by the irreversibilities within the remaining components of the overall system. It is also found that the boiler subsystem still has the largest avoidable exergy destruction; however, the enhancement efforts should focus not only on its inherent irreversibilities but also on the inefficiencies within the remaining components. A large part of the avoidable exergy destruction within feedwater preheaters is exogenous; while that of the remaining components is mostly endogenous indicating that the improvements mainly depend on advances in design and operation of the component itself.