Special Issue on Basic and Translational Research in Colorectal Cancer (original) (raw)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world [...]

This paper presents an overview of recent developments pertaining to colorectal adenocarcinoma. It is aimed toward the practicing clinician. Topics discussed include epidemiologic observations; genetic predispositions; molecular biology findings; screening and early detection programs; endoscopy; principles of surgical resection; laser and radioimmunoguided surgery; staging; selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy; and considerations regarding biologic response modifiers and pain control in the advanced-disease setting.

Summary This introductory type of article provides a brief overview of the current clinical status of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC ranks as one of the most prevalent and incident cancers and is also between the deadliest ones worldwide, along with lung and breast cancers. A majority of CRCs are sporadic, with age being the most important risk factor. CRC appears to be a complex, heterogeneous disease that involves multiple signaling pathways and tumors that appear histologically identical may have different prognoses and different responses to treatment. CRC develops through gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes, resulting in the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer. Basically, the treatment for colorectal cancer varies by tumor location, stage at diagnosis and patient’s general condition. Any available data about the genes and/or molecular pathways that regulate activities such as cell growth, death or apoptosis, DNA repair, maligna...

Colorectal cancer was infrequently diagnosed several decades ago. Nowadays, it is the world's fourth most deadly cancer with almost 900,000 deaths annually. Colorectal cancer had a low incidence several decades ago. However, it has become predominant cancer and now accounts for approximately 10% of cancer-related mortality in western countries. The 'rise' of colorectal cancer in developed countries can be attributed to the increasingly aging population, unfavorable modern dietary habits and an increase in risk factors such as smoking, low physical exercise and obesity. New treatments for primary and metastatic colorectal cancer have emerged, providing additional options for patients; these treatments include laparoscopic surgery for primary disease, more aggressive resection of metastatic disease (such as liver and pulmonary metastases), radiotherapy for rectal cancer and neoadjuvant and palliative chemotherapies. However, these new treatment options have had a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival.