Transmission-Line Protection: A Directional Comparison Scheme Using the Average of Superimposed Components (original) (raw)
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Fault Detection in Transmission Lines —A Novel Voltage-Based Scheme for Differential Protection
2018 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2018
Current-based protection schemes such as distance, overcurrent, and differential relays are usually used to protect transmission lines (TL) in power systems where the high fault current plays a key role in detecting faults. The continuous development in the power network and emerging new technologies have made the power grid more complicated and soon will start to affect the reliability of the existing protection schemes. Issues like current transformer saturation, the effect of the mutual coupling impedance of the TL and emerging new power electronic-based technologies have become major challenges in power systems from a protection perspective. To avoid all the current-based problems this paper proposes a new voltage-based relay principle for TL protection to indicate fault occurrences in transmission networks. The proposed scheme is tested under all fault events to show that it is highly accurate when it comes to rapid trip activation during any of the tested cases.
Review: Different Techniques for Transmission Line fault Classification and Detection
2021
Any protective relaying systems must be able to identify defects on transmission lines quickly and accurately. Time spent clearing faults and isolating the faulty line from the rest of the power system aids in speedier power supply maintenance and restoration. For single-pole tripping and auto-reclosing action, fault detection and classification are required to determine the fault type and pick the problematic phase. Furthermore, these functions increase the power system's dependability, stability, and economy. As a result, having an effective algorithm for identifying and categorizing transmission line defects is critical. A study of alternative fault classification and detection strategies in transmission lines is presented in this work. Efforts have been made to incorporate practically all of the transmission line techniques and approaches documented in the literature. For dependable and high-speed protective relaying, fault classification is required, followed by digital dis...
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This paper investigates travelling wave based protection schemes developed for high voltage transmission systems and their adaptation to medium voltage distribution networks in order to enable ultra-high speed relaying (within a quarter of a cycle of the power frequency) on a medium voltage level. This further demonstrates that the travelling wave based protection provides a high speed and very accurate fault detection. The given method compares the polarities of current and voltage travelling waves measured immediately after the fault inception to determine the fault direction.
Transmission Line Fault Detection: A Review
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Transmission line is the most important part of the power system. Transmission lines a principal amount of power. The requirement of power and its allegiance has grown up exponentially over the modern era, and the major role of a transmission line is to transmit electric power from the source area to the distribution network. The exploded between limited production, and a tremendous claim has grown the focus on minimizing power losses. Losses like transmission loss and also conjecture factors as like as physical losses to various technical losses, Another thing is the primary factor it has a reactive power and voltage deviation are momentous in the long-range transmission power line. In essentially, fault analysis is a very focusing issue in power system engineering to clear fault in short time and re-establish power system as quickly as possible on very minimum interruption. However, the fault detection that interrupts the transmission line is itself challenging task to investigate fault as well as improving the reliability of the system. The transmission line is susceptible given all parameters that connect the whole power system. This paper presents a review of transmission line fault detection.
TRANSMISSION LINE FAULTS DETECTION-A REVIEW
Transmission lines consume a considerable amount of power. The necessity of power and its dependency has grown exponentially over the years. The void between limited production and tremendous demand has increased the focus on minimizing power losses. The losses like transmission loss range from the conjecture factors like physical or environmental losses to severe technical losses. The primary factors like reactive power and voltage deviation are significant in stretched conditions and long range transmission lines of powers. The subject of power transmission has always been an interest of researchers. A numerous methods have been developed to maximize the throughput of the systems. This paper reviews about different techniques for transmission fault detection.
IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2006
A directional relay algorithm for EHV transmission lines using positive-sequence fault components is presented. By comparing the phase relationship between the voltage and current measured at the relay point, the algorithm can determine correctly whether a fault is in the forward or backward direction. Specially designed techniques and logic are adopted to solve the difficult problems that exist in a real system. The signal-processing procedure for extracting the required fault components is provided in detail. Extensive simulation studies were conducted on a 500 kV system model using EMTDC. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides adequate sensitivity, reliability and a fast operating response under a variety of system and fault conditions. In addition, it provides significant advantages over conventional directional relays, and these are discussed in the paper.
Recent techniques used in transmission line protection: a review
This article presents a survey of the developments in digital relays for protection of transmission lines. For a modern power system, selective high speed clearance of faults on high voltage transmission lines is critical and this survey indicates the efficient and promising implementations for fault detection, classification and fault location in power transmission line protection. The work done in this area favor computerized relays, digital communication technologies and other technical developments, to avoid cascading failures and facilitate safer, secure and reliable power systems. Efforts have been made to include almost all the techniques and philosophies of transmission line protection reported in the literature up to October 2010. The focus of this article is on the most recent techniques, like artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, fuzzy-neuro, fuzzy logicwavelet based and phasor measurement unit-based concepts as well as other conventional methods used in transmission line protection.
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
A hybrid scheme for transmission line protection (HSTLP) using the Stockwell transform (ST), Wigner distribution function (WDF), and alienation coefficient (ACF) is designed. Current signals are analyzed using the ST, WDF, and ACF to compute the Stockwell fault index (SFI), Wigner fault index (WFI), and alienation coefficient fault index (ACFI), respectively. These fault indexes are used to derive a hybrid signal processing fault index (HSPFI), which is implemented for the detection of transmission line fault events. The peak magnitude of HSPFI is compared with a preset threshold magnitude (TH) to identify the fault. The statistical formulation is proposed for fault location on the power transmission line. Fault classification is achieved using the number of faulty phases. A hybrid ground fault index (HGFI) is used to recognize the involvement of the ground during the fault event. This HGFI is determined by processing zero sequence current using ST and WDF. The performance of algori...
2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37309)
This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme for transmission lines based on synchronized phasor measurements. The work includes: fault detection, fault classification, and fault direction discrimination. Using two-terminal synchronized measurements incorporated with distributed line model and Clarke transformation theory, fault detection index is derived. We can classify the faults by the proposed modal fault detection index and the circuit breaker can achieve single-pole tripping. The fault detection index is composed of two complex phasors. The fault events can be found according to the angle difference between these two phasors as in internal and external fault situation. The proposed method also combines on-line parameter estimation to assure protection scheme performance and to achieve adaptive protection. After a lot of EMTP simulations and verifications show that the method provides a fast and accurate protection scheme for transmission lines. The tripping decision time of protective relay is within 1/2 cycle.
High-speed superimposed-based protection of series-compensated transmission lines
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2011
This study presents a sub-cycle power frequency-based fault direction discrimination and fault classification algorithm for the series-compensated transmission lines. Also, it provides an accurate estimation for the fault occurrence instant which is helpful in synchronised waveforms-based pilot protective schemes. The proposed algorithm is based on capturing the initial change in the voltage and current waveforms caused by occurrence of a fault. The high-frequency components of the fault signals are first filtered out, and then the signals are sampled at a relatively low sampling rate. Unlike the conventional relative-phase-angle-based directional relays, the proposed algorithm is not affected by the current and voltage inversion phenomena due to the presence of series capacitor in the fault loop. Extensive simulation studies are performed to evaluate the proposed algorithm performance. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and a very fast and reliable protection technique for power transmission lines. This algorithm also covers non-compensated transmission lines and is able to well discriminate the fault direction even if the post-fault voltage amplitude becomes too small. It is also tested using some real data recorded from a high-voltage transmission system.