A Routing Metric for Inter-flow Interference-aware Flying Multi-hop Networks (original) (raw)
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IRJET- Dynamic Routing for UAVs through Network Connectivity to Optimize Latency
IRJET, 2020
In the electronics and communications fields the usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is applicable and it is used in the several fields like civilian, commercial and defense products. The usage of the one aircraft is not enough instead several unmanned aerial vehicles will make application to work regardless to limits of single UAV. The Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETS) is a type of system which has set of aircrafts integrated in different strategy which are efficiently used to achieve effective goals. The UAVs are organized to deliver quality of services for network which in turn by using the supportive transmission and reliable. The huge set of UAVs will extend to efficient completion range for internet facilities through reliable nodes. In this paper a layer UAVs set architecture is projected and also optimum number of unmanned aerial vehicles are examined. The Low Latency Routing Algorithm (LLRA) is developed under reference of connectivity, semi data of the location. LLRA guarantees reliability on routing and balancing of load by optimizing the traffic overload on the various node points and also on communication links. Network simulator-2.35 is used to simulate the network performance which are packet delivery ratio, throughput, overhead, delay, consumption of energy is analyzed in the proposed system.
Routing in Flying Ad hoc Networks: Survey, Constraints and Future Challenge Perspectives
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Owing to the explosive expansion of wireless communication and networking technologies, cost-effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have recently emerged and soon they will occupy the major part of our sky. UAVs can be exploited to efficiently accomplish complex missions when cooperatively organized as an ad hoc network, thus creating the well-known Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs). The establishment of such networks is not feasible without deploying an efficient networking model allowing a reliable exchange of information between UAVs. FANET inherits common features and characteristics from Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) and their sub-classes, such as Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Unfortunately, UAVs are often deployed in the sky adopting a mobility model dictated by the nature of missions that they are expected to handle, and therefore, differentiate themselves from any traditional networks. Moreover, several flying constraints and the highly dynamic topology of FANETs make the design of routing protocols a complicated task. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented covering the architecture, the constraints, the mobility models, the routing techniques, and the simulation tools dedicated to FANETs. A classification, descriptions, and comparative studies of an important number of existing routing protocols dedicated to FANETs are detailed. Furthermore, the paper depicts future challenge perspectives, helping scientific researchers to discover some themes that have been addressed only ostensibly in the literature and need more investigation. The novelty of this survey is its uniqueness to provide a complete analysis of the major FANET routing protocols, and to critically compare them according to different constraints based on crucial parameters, thus better presenting the state of the art of this specific area of research.
Analysis of Effective Routing Protocols for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks
International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation, 2020
Recently, the flying ad-hoc network (FANETs) is a popular networking technology used to create a wireless network through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this network, the UAV nodes work as intermediate nodes that communicate with each other to transmit data packets over the network, in the absence of fixed an infrastructure. Due to high mobility degree of UAV nodes, network formation and deformation among the UAVs are very frequent. Therefore, effective routing is a more challenging issue in FANETs. This paper presents performance evaluations and comparisons of the popular topology-based routing protocol namely AODV and position-based routing protocol, namely LAR for high speed mobility as well as a verity of the density of UAV nodes in the FANETs environment through NS-2 simulator. The extensive simulation results have shown that LAR gives better performance than AODV significantly in terms of the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing overhead, end-to-end delay, and averag...
On Greedy Routing in Dynamic UAV Networks
2018 IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication and Networking (SECON Workshops), 2018
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are becoming increasingly popular for various applications. Freely flying drones create highly dynamic environments, where conventional routing algorithms which rely on stationary network contact graphs fail to perform efficiently. Also, link establishment through exploring optimal paths using hello messages (as is used in AODV algorithm) deems extremely inefficient and costly for rapidly changing network topologies. In this paper, we present a distance-based greedy routing algorithm for UAV networks solely based on UAVs' local observations of their surrounding subnetwork. Thereby, neither a central decision maker nor a time consuming route setup and maintenance mechanism is required. To evaluate the proposed method, we derive an analytical bound for the expected number of hops that a packet traverses. Also, we find the expected end-to-end distance traveled by each packet as well as the probability of successful delivery. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the developed analytical expressions and show considerable improvement compared to centralized shortest path routing algorithms.
IJERT-Survey on UAV Communication Network: Performance Parameter
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/survey-on-uav-communication-network-performance-parameter https://www.ijert.org/research/survey-on-uav-communication-network-performance-parameter-IJERTV9IS050785.pdf Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential within the public and civil domains. These are particularly useful in applications, where human lives would preferably be endangered. It is utilized to produce flexible wireless access in future wireless networks, with larger coverage and better transmission rate. Most of the work carried out in the areas of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) does not address the unique characteristics of the UAV networks, while it is believed that ad hoc mesh network would be most suitable for UAV network. The Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is deployed efficiently to produce prime quality of service for Internet of Things (IoT). Protocols are required that would adapt to high mobility, dynamic topology, intermittent links, power constraints, and changing link quality. As energy supply on UAVs is limited, protocols in various layers should contribute toward greening of the network. This paper describes different work done towards all of these issues on how UAVs are utilized in identification and tracking of UAV nodes, Energy consumed by nodes and routing strategy in several network in several applications. The wireless backhaul for UAVs is sometimes capacity-limited and congested, and UAV nodes cannot operate for a protracted time because of the limited battery life. Finally, Identifying the challenges in UAV enabled network.
Drones, 2021
Telecommunications among unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged recently due to rapid improvements in wireless technology, low-cost equipment, advancement in networking communication techniques, and demand from various industries that seek to leverage aerial data to improve their business and operations. As such, UAVs have started to become extremely prevalent for a variety of civilian, commercial, and military uses over the past few years. UAVs form a flying ad hoc network (FANET) as they communicate and collaborate wirelessly. FANETs may be utilized to quickly complete complex operations. FANETs are frequently deployed in three dimensions, with a mobility model determined by the work they are to do, and hence differ between vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in terms of features and attributes. Furthermore, different flight constraints and the high dynamic topology of FANETs make the design of routing protocols difficult. This paper presen...
An empirical analysis of UAV routing models from a context-specific statistical perspective
International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems
Despite the power constraints, UAVs (Unmanned aerial vehicles) have an inherent advantage of lower air traffic, making them an attractive alternative to high-speed transportation and logistics. Many algorithmic models are used for empirical analysis based on network architecture, data forwarding, and comprehensive performance variation regarding routing delay, energy efficiency, throughput, network overheads, scalability, bandwidth, link failure probability, etc. Due to such a wide variation in protocol availability, and respective performance measures, it is difficult for researchers and network designers to select the best possible models suited for their network application. Moreover, this wide variation increases network design time and cost-to-market, which affects UAV network viability. Thus, there is a need to simplify this process of routing model selection. This motivates us to frame this survey article. A comprehensive survey of recently proposed UAV routing models is proposed. This survey includes a description of reviewed models and their nuances, advantages, limitations, and future research possibilities. Upon referring to this survey, readers could contemplate the characteristics of respective models and identify improvement areas in each. Based on observation, researchers can select the best-suited routing models of UAVs for their applications. This review is accompanied by an in-depth statistical analysis of these models and their comparison concerning computational complexity, throughput, energy efficiency, end-to-end delay, and routing efficiency. It will assist researchers and UAV network designers in selecting the most optimum context-specific models for their network deployments, thereby lowering network design time and cost of deployment.
Joint traffic-aware UAV placement and predictive routing for aerial networks
Ad Hoc Networks
Aerial networks, composed of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) acting as Wi-Fi access points or cellular base stations, are emerging as an interesting solution to provide on-demand wireless connectivity to users, when there is no network infrastructure available, or to enhance the network capacity. This article proposes a traffic-aware topology control solution for aerial networks that holistically combines the placement of UAVs with a predictive and centralized routing protocol. The synergy created by the combination of the UAV placement and routing solutions allows the aerial network to seamlessly update its topology according to the users' traffic demand, whilst minimizing the disruption caused by the movement of the UAVs. As a result, the Quality of Service (QoS) provided to the users is improved. The components of the proposed solution are described and evaluated individually in this article by means of simulation and an experimental testbed. The results show that all the components improve the QoS provided to the users when compared to the corresponding baseline solutions.
Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANET): Performance Evaluation of Topology Based Routing Protocols
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 2022
Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs) has developed as an innovative technology for access places without permanent infrastructure. This emerging form of networking is construct of flying nodes known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that fly at a fast rate of speed, causing frequent changes in the network topology and connection failures. As a result, there is no dedicated FANET routing protocol that enables effective communication between these devices. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the category of topology-based routing protocols in the FANET. In a surveillance system involving video traffic, four routing protocols with varying routing mechanisms were examined. Additionally, simulation experiments conducted to determine the influence of flying altitude. The results indicate that hybrid routing protocols outperform other types of protocols in terms of average throughput. Proactive protocols, on the other hand, have the least jitter.
Dynamic Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using Topology-Based Routing Protocols
Drones
The ever-increasing demand for flexible and portable communications has led to a rapid evolution in networking between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) often referred to as flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs). However, due to the exclusive characteristics of UAVs such as high mobility, frequent topology change and 3D space movement, make routing a challenging task in FANETs. Due to these characteristics, designing new routing protocols for FANETs is quite difficult. In the literature study of FANETs, a variety of traditional ad-hoc networking protocols have been suggested and tested for FANETs to establish an efficient and robust communication among the UAVs. In this context, topology-based routing is considered the most significant approach for solving the routing issues in FANETs. Therefore, in this article we specifically focus on topology-based routing protocols with the aim of improving the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and network load. We pres...