Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from the Metal Hyperaccumulator Plant Vachellia farnesiana Growing in Mine Tailings (original) (raw)
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Heavy metal pollution is a worldwide environmental and human health problem. Prosopis laevigata is a hyperaccumulator legume that bioaccumulates Pb, Cu and Zn. With interest in designing phytoremediation strategies for sites contaminated with heavy metals, we isolated and characterized endophytic fungi from the roots of P. laevigata growing on mine tailings located in Morelos, Mexico. Ten endophytic isolates were selected by morphological discrimination and a preliminary minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for zinc, lead and copper. A novel strain of Aspergillus closest to Aspergillus luchuensis was determined to be a metallophile and presented a marked tolerance to high concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb, so it was further investigated for removal of metals and promotion of plant growth under greenhouse conditions. The control substrate with fungi promoted larger size characters in P. laevigata individuals in comparison with the other treatments, demonstrating that A. luch...
Heavy metal tolerance traits of filamentous fungi isolated from gold and gemstone mining sites
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2017
Increased environmental pollution has necessitated the need for eco-friendly clean-up strategies. Filamentous fungal species from gold and gemstone mine site soils were isolated, identified and assessed for their tolerance to varied heavy metal concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and iron (Fe). The identities of the fungal strains were determined based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and ITS 2) regions. Mycelia growth of the fungal strains were subjected to a range of (0-100 Cd), (0-1000 Cu), (0-400 Pb), (0-500 As) and (0-800 Fe) concentrations (mgkg −1) incorporated into malt extract agar (MEA) in triplicates. Fungal radial growths were recorded every three days over a 13-days' incubation period. Fungal strains were identified as Fomitopsis meliae, Trichoderma ghanense and Rhizopus microsporus. All test fungal exhibited tolerance to Cu, Pb, and Fe at all test concentrations (400-1000 mgkg −1), not differing significantly (p > 0.05) from the controls and with tolerance index >1. T. ghanense and R. microsporus demonstrated exceptional capacity for Cd and As concentrations, while showing no significant (p > 0.05) difference compared to the controls and with a tolerance index >1 at 25 mgkg −1 Cd and 125 mgkg −1 As. Remarkably, these fungal strains showed tolerance to metal concentrations exceeding globally permissible limits for contaminated soils. It is envisaged that this metal tolerance trait exhibited by these fungal strains may indicate their potentials as effective agents for bioremediative clean-up of heavy metal polluted environments.
Letters in Applied Microbiology
Plants growing in metal-polluted sites can be a source of micro-organisms suitable for bio-assisted phytoremediation strategies. In this work, three endophytic fungi from the roots of Poa stuckertii and Poa pratensis, two grasses that naturally colonize a Lead-Zinc tailing storage facility in Southern Chile, were isolated and identified. The leachate of the tailing sands showed a Pb content of 1·36 ± 0·71 ppm, and a pH of 7·3. By amplifying the ITS1/ITS4 region of fungal ribosomal DNA, the isolates were identified as Bjerkandera sp., Microdochium sp. and Sarocladium sp. When the growth media was supplemented with 50 ppm of Pb at pH 4·5, Microdochium sp. showed an 80% decrease in the biomass, but the biomass production of Bjerkandera sp. and Sarocladium sp. was not affected by the same treatment. The accumulation of Pb in Microdochium sp. increased as a function of the concentration of the metal in the growth media, between 48·3 and 241·3 μmol l−1. We showed that two Poaceae plants g...
2012
Wastewaters resulted from different industries in Egypt such as food, painting, service, pharmaceuticals, water valves, packing materials (e.g. cartoons) and inks industries which are drained with sewage wastes and underground water which contain different harmful concentrations of the most toxic heavy metals (e.g. copper and cadmium) to humans and wildlife. This study aims to screen, evaluate, and apply endophytic fungal isolates growing in industrial regions and are capable of degrading recalcitrant materials and accumulating heavy metals to decrease the environmental loading, solve the problems of pollution and improve the quality of drinking and irrigated water in industrial regions. Ten endophytic fungi were isolated and screened for uptake experiments. All endophytic fungal isolates under study showed cadmium and copper resistance with varying level. Among them, endophytic Penicillium lilacinum showed the highest potency to remove copper (85.4%) and good removal of cadmium (31...
Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2020
Heavy metals like chromium (Cr(VI)) and cadmium (Cd(II)) which are supposed to be indigenous components of rocks, are no longer bound to their place of origin thus manifesting significant toxic impacts on living beings. In the present study, the metal tolerance capacity of highly resistant microorganisms was harnessed individually and in the form of consortium, to remediate conundrum of pollution. These fungal strains were isolated from contaminated sites and screened under various processed conditions. Results of secondary screening had evinced more than 70% of removal percentage for Cr(VI) with the fungi Aspergillus flavus (FS4) and Aspergillus fumigatus (FS6), in the liquid medium. Similarly, one Cd (II) tolerant fungal isolate FS9, identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, showed removal up to 74%. The developed microbial consortium had also enhanced the removal of heavy metals in different industrial effluents. The metal acceptance quality that this fungal consortium possess, may specify its ability as an effective biosorbent for the environment contaminated with heavy metals.
Isolation and Screening of Some Filamentous Fungi with Various Trace Metals
Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011
Trace metal (TM) pollution of soil is a worldwide problem threatening the quality of human life and a proper environment. We investigated fungal diversity of trace metal polluted site contaminated with paper mill effluent in India. Fourteen fungal strains were identified using ITS of rDNA belonged to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cunninghamella, Simplicilillium, Trichoderma, Rhizomucor, Cladosporium and Hypocrea and subsequent screening was carried out to assess their TM tolerance in in vitro cultures. The results revealed that the majority of the isolates were tolerant to Ni, Cu, Zn whereas only Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were able to grow in Cd amended medium. The level of tolerance depended on the fungal isolate and the site of its origin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd were also determined among the all tested fungal isolates. Overall, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizomucor, Trichoderma and Fusarium isolates showed a strong growth in different concentrations of TM. Their MIC ranged between 20 and 25 mM for Zn, 15 and 20 mM for Ni and Cd. Some of these fungal isolates showed a high potential for further investigations regarding the mechanisms of TM tolerance and their use in mycoremediation to clean up TM polluted soil.
Heavy Metal Resistant Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Nypa fruticans in Kuching Wetland National Park
Heavy metal pollution is an environmental issue globally and the aim of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi from mangrove wetlands of Sarawak to assess and test their ability to grow in the presence of various heavy metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr)). Samples of Nypa fruticans were collected from Kuching Wetland National Park (KWNP) for subsequent endophyte isolation. Ninety-three (93) isolates were obtained and assessed and the most resistant isolates (growing at concentrations up to 1000 ppm) were identified using fungal primers ITS 1 and ITS 4. All of the endophytic fungi were identified to be closely related to Pestalotiopsis sp. and this is to our knowledge the first study reporting the ability of Pestalotiopsis sp. to grow at high concentrations of copper, lead, zinc and chromium. Our results highlight the potential of using endophytic fungi for the treatment of heavy metal pollution, for example as biosorbents.
The soils of the mining area had high concentrations of heavy metals. A diversity of filamentous fungi was pinpointed. Among the fungi isolated from these soils, Trichoderma harzianum was the most tolerant to all of the metals tested. Acremonium persicinum and Penicillium simplicissimum had the highest biosorption capacity of heavy metals. a b s t r a c t In the present study the population of fungi inhabiting metal contaminated soil samples from lead-zinc mining area was investigated, and their tolerance and biosorption capacity towards Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu were evaluated. Fungal species, including Acremonium persicinum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Seimato-sporium pistaciae, Trichoderma harzianum, Alternaria chlamydosporigena and Fusarium verticillioides were isolated. Fungal tolerance was determined by measuring of the " Minimum Inhibitory Concentration " , after exposure to increasing concentrations of heavy metal chlorides. Among the test fungi, Trichoderma harzianum was the most tolerant against Cd, Pb and Cu. The Heavy metal content in the fungal biomass was quantified after combustion. The calculated total sorption of heavy metals showed that Acremonium persicinum and Penicillium simplicissimum had the highest accumulation of Zn and Cu, respectively. The data presented in this study should help to use the accumulation potential of some of those fungal species examined for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
The disposed wastes of zinc industries contain large amounts of heavy metals such as Pb 2+ and Cd 2+. These elements are considered as hazardous elements to human beings and other organisms. This study aims at introducing the fungal isolates that evolved to be compatible with waste deposits during the time and can absorb Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions. During the spring and autumn in 2011, eight samples of sediment contaminated by waste were collected from Zanjan zinc industrial zone and fungal isolates were isolated. The degree of tolerance against 0–2500 mg/L Pb 2+ and Cd 2 was measured using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiment. Results revealed that two Aspergillus sp. isolates namely A.BZ1 isolated in spring and A.PZ1 isolated in the autumn showed the highest resistance and the maximum growth rate. The result of sorption capacity by live and dead biomasses of two isolates against Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions with different metal concentrations showed the highest uptake by living biomass of A.PZ1 with 53.75 mg/g and 7.02 mg/g and minimum adsorption in dead biomass was 3.65 and 0.19 mg/g. The results of contact time on isolates sorption revealed that A.PZ1 with 1.715 mg/g sorption has 72.97 % removal efficiency in the first 30 minutes. After the identification of these two isolates and the combination of morphological criteria and sequencing of the ITS˗rDNA region, the A. fumigatus was identified. The prevalence of isolate population, metal tolerance and the genome information in fungi are three traits that can be used as biomarkers for monitoring contaminants in the environment.