"Helical Model of the Electron" (original) (raw)
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Helical Solenoid Model of the Electron
PROGRESS IN PHYSICS, 2018
A new semiclassical model of the electron with helical solenoid geometry is presented. This new model is an extension of both the Parson Ring Model and the Hestenes Zitterbewegung Model. This model interprets the Zitterbewegung as a real motion that generates the electron's rotation (spin) and its magnetic moment. In this new model, the g-factor appears as a consequence of the electron's geometry while the quantum of magnetic flux and the quantum Hall resistance are obtained as model parameters. The Helical Solenoid Electron Model necessarily implies that the electron has a toroidal moment, a feature that is not predicted by Quantum Mechanics. The predicted toroidal moment can be tested experimentally to validate or discard this proposed model.
Superluminal Helical Models for the Electron and Photon
Dynamical geometrical models of the electron and the photon are proposed which are composed of sheets of electric charge moving at superluminal velocities in closed and open helical paths respectively. In both models, the sheets of electric charge always internally travel faster than the speed of light, and the size, structure, wavelengths and helical motions of these sheets of electric charge correspond to their energy, momentum and angular momentum, and the electron's magnetic moment to first order. The photon and electron models are closely related through the geometry and dynamics of electron/positron pair production from a photon, resulting in the quantum mechanical 720-degrees rotational symmetry of the electron model. When the electron model moves as a whole with velocity v, it is found that its internal structure generates the electron's de Broglie wavelength L = h / mv , due to internal photon-like Doppler wavelength shifts and wave interference. The electron model also increases its total energy (and therefore its mass) with its velocity in accordance with special relativity, due to the increased net energy associated with the Doppler-shifted frequency of the circulating charged photon-like entity that composes the electron model. Due to the constancy of the electron's angular momentum with velocity, a relativistically moving electron model is found to decrease in size with velocity so as to be consistent with experimental determinations of the maximum size of an electron from high energy scattering experiments. The two models illustrate a new concept of quantum wave-particle duality, where the form of the charged sheets (two in the photon and one in the electron) constitute the particle and their superluminal motion constitutes the wave. This modeling approach predicts that there are two varieties of right circularly polarized photon (and also two types of left circularly polarized photon), depending on whether the positive or negative charge sheet is in front in the photon's direction of motion, and two varieties of negative electron (and two varieties of positron), depending on whether the electric charge sheet in the electron moves forward clockwise or counterclockwise in its closed helical structure. These 2 predicted varieties of the present photon and electron should be distinguishable by the different magnetic fields that they would produce.
A Proposal on the Structure and Properties of an Electron
A model of the electron is proposed in which it is composed of a known and detectable particle. This model clearly defines what is mass, what is energy and why E = mc 2 . It shows that the special relativity corrections of mass, length and time with velocity are automatically a function of the structure of an electron as it moves. It also proposes the origin of electric charge and uses that origin to derive the equation for the Bohr magnetron. It shows that the electron's spin of ½ħ is simply angular momentum, further explaining why the electron has only two states of spin. This model gives an expression for the radius of an electron, at the same time pointing out why it has been detected as a point particle, yet still has angular momentum of ½ħ. It explains why the mass of an electron increases with velocity while its spin and charge remain the same and its magnetic moment decreases, as well as why its charge spirals when it travels through space. This model gives a physical reason for the existence of the de Broglie wavelength and derives the expression for it. As well as matching the known properties of an electron it also makes predictions of previously unknown properties, pointing out that they may have been detected but not recognized as such.
Transluminal Energy Quantum Models of the Photon and the Electron
A photon is modeled by an uncharged transluminal energy quantum (TEQ) moving at 2c along an open 45-degree helical trajectory with radius (where is the helical pitch or wavelength of the photon). A transluminal spatial model of an electron is composed of a charged pointlike transluminal energy quantum circulating at an extremely high frequency of hz in a closed, double-looped helical trajectory whose helical pitch or wavelength is one Compton wavelength . The transluminal energy quantum has energy and momentum but not rest mass, so its speed is not limited by c. The TEQ's speed is superluminal 57% of the time and subluminal 43% of the time, passing through c twice in each trajectory cycle. The TEQ's maximum speed in the electron's rest frame is 2.516c and its minimum speed is c / 2 or .707c . The electron model's helical trajectory parameters are selected to produce the electron's spin ! / 2 and approximate (without small QED corrections) magnetic moment e! / 2m (the Bohr magneton) as well as its Dirac equation-related "jittery motion" (zitterbewegung) angular frequency 2mc 2 / ! , amplitude ! / 2mc and internal speed c. The two possible helicities of the electron model correspond to the electron and the positron. With these models, an electron is like a closed circulating photon. The electron's inertia is proposed to be related to the electron model's circulating internal momentum mc.
The theory of electromagnetic field motion. 6. Electron
The article shows that in a rotating frame of reference the magnetic dipole has an electric charge with the value depending on the dipole magnetic moment and rotational velocity. A hypothesis was stated that the electric charge of elementary particles, and in particular the electron charge, is caused by rotation of their magnetic field. It was shown that the electron is the system composed of bound negative and positive charges whose net charge is equal to the charge of a classical single point electron, and that in external uniform electric fields the electron behaves like a single point charge. It is noticed that all charged leptons – electrons, muons and tau-leptons – are described by similar equations. Difference of leptons from each other is caused by distinction in magnitudes of their magnetic moments and the magnetic field angular velocity, being inversely proportional to the magnetic moment of a corresponding particle. There was stated an assumption that particles differ from their antiparticles only by direction of the magnetic field rotation. The electron - positron annihilation process is explained by the fact that all fields become fully zero provided particles with opposite magnetic moments are superposed.
Zitterbewegung and the electromagnetic field of the electron
Physics Letters B, 1993
I)epartanwnt,~ dr' .tfatetnattt a 4phcada. ('m~er.~ldade Estadual de ('amplna~. 130,~1-9"0 ('ampmoz. SP. Bra=d Recct','ed 7 Januar3. 1993 Ed,tor-R. (;atto By using the spacetime algebra, we explain the hehcal motion of the electron (tatterbe~,egung) and its Coulomb field b) introducing a mechamsm that breaks Iotally the cleclromagnehe gauge m~,anancc We show thal this ~auge mvananc¢ is broken ,n all po,nts of spacetime, except for those that corr~pond to thai ¢shndncal hehx which ~s the electron's world hne. and that it give.~ n~ to an o~dlatmg Coulomb-hke field v, lth frequen~ equal to the/,tterbe~,egung one Th,s field ts found to sansf,, the so-called Maxwell-London equations. This oscdlatm8 field, when a~ eragcd over a zltterbev, egun8 period. ~s the usual Coulomb field of the electron.
Zitterbewegung and the Magnetic Moment of the Electron
2013
Zitterbewegung of a Dirac electron is an oscillation between positive and negative energy states, and is thus distinct from the analogous phenomena exhibited by spin half charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. Quantum field theory offers an insight into the velocity operator and provides an interpretation of zitterbewegung. Applying stationary perturbation theory to these results the electron g factor is obtained analytically up to the Schwinger correction (g = 2 + α/π).
Through investigating the history and evolution of the concept and the development of the theories of electrons, I am convinced that what was missing in our understanding of the electron is a structure into which all attributes of the electron could be incorporated in a self-consistent way. It is hereby postulated that the topological structure of the electron is a closed two-turn helix (a so-called Hubius helix) that is generated by circulatory motion of a massless particle at the speed of light. A formulation is presented to describe an isolated electron at rest and at high speed. It is shown that the formulation is capable of incorporating most (if not all) attributes of the electron, including spin, magnetic moment, fine-structure constant α, anomalous magnetic moment (α/π)/2, and charge quantization, into one concrete description of the Hubius helix. The equations for the description emerge accordingly. Implications elicited by the postulate are elaborated. Inadequacies of the formulation are discussed.
Superluminal Quantum Models of the Electron and the Photon
2006
The electron is modeled as a charged quantum moving superluminally in a closed helical trajectory, having the Dirac electron's spin, magnetic moment and Zitterbewegung properties: speed c, angular frequency 2 2 / mc and amplitude 1 2 / mc . The associated photon model is an uncharged quantum moving superluminally in an open helical trajectory with radius / 2 .
Zitterbewegung in Quantum Mechanics -- a research program
2008
Spacetime Algebra (STA) provides unified, matrix-free spinor methods for rotational dynamics in classical theory as well as quantum mechanics. That makes it an ideal tool for studying particle models of zitterbewegung and using them to study zitterbewegung in the Dirac theory. This paper develops a self-contained dynamical model of the electron as a lightlike particle with helical zitterbewegung and electromagnetic interactions. It attributes to the electron an electric dipole moment oscillating with ultrahigh frequency, and the possibility of observing this directly as a resonance in electron channeling is analyzed in detail. A modification of the Dirac equation is suggested to incorporate the oscillating dipole moment. That enables extension of the Dirac equation to incorporate electroweak interactions in a new way.