Rural development and family agriculture in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais in the light of multivariate data analysis (original) (raw)
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This article aims to analyze the role of government programs to support family farming in the socioeconomic development of rural areas. Initially, a historical overview of these programs is presented, from the 1990s to the present day, highlighting the changes and developments that have taken place over the years. The benefits that family farming support programs bring to the socioeconomic development of rural areas, such as increased food production, job and income generation, and strengthening of the local economy, among others, are analyzed. The challenges and limitations faced by family farming support programs, such as bureaucracy, lack of resources, and low effectiveness, are also identified.Next, some successful elements of family farming support programs in different regions of the country are highlighted. Overall, government programs to support family farming have been shown to be important for the socioeconomic development of rural areas in Brazil, generating jobs and income, strengthening the local economy, and increasing food production.
Comparission of Development Levels Between Rural and Industrial Areas in the State of São Paulo
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Family farming in Brazil: evolution between the 1996 and 2006 agricultural censuses
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This article compares the main findings of Brazilian agricultural census data of 1996 with the same of 2006 by applying the methodology known as 'FAO/INCRA' (Food Agriculture Organization/Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária) which allows the characterization of family farms in relation to the total universe of farms. In this comparison several variables are shown, including the share of family farming in the total value of production, in the total number of farms, utilization of modern technology and partial factor productivity. Census data shows that family farming has changed from 37.91 percent of total production value to 36.11 percent during a decade of strong expansion of agriculture as a whole, demonstrating the economic relevance of this segment which, besides producing food, is integrated in the most important productive agricultural chains of the Brazilian agribusiness. Family farming is a heterogeneous segment, with different sub-segments. During the studied period of ten years the most rich of these sub-segments (A) has increased participation in total production, while the poorer sub-segments (C and D) have only grown in absolute terms without a corresponding increase in production.
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ABSTRACT: Living in rural neighborhoods has always been a characteristic of small and medium-sized Brazilian farmers. However, when observing the agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2017, carried out in Brazil, there is a tendency to separate the place of work and residence of farmers. This articleanalyzed the double residence and the phenomenon of pendular displacement of farmers in the municipalities of Zona da Mata Mineira (ZMM), an important coffee region in Minas in Brazil, and to discuss its possible causes and impacts in the region. The research used data from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression models in order to better understand the factors that correlate with the percentage of owners living in cities in the municipalities of region. The results showed that, in the case of the ZMM, the growth of urban residence of farmers more exp...
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The aim of this article is to characterize the current situation of family farmers or smallholders in Brazil and establish a connection with the rural public policies that exist in the country. This study analyzed the most current available data regarding family farming in Brazil, which included almost 4.7 million smallholders and their characteristics. Two analytical tools for unsupervised learning were combined, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering, which enabled the analysis of such a large database and the extraction of information concerning this sector. It was found that cooperative smallholders are considerably more likely to achieve higher incomes. A family farmer's income and productivity are related to their region and are higher in the South and Southeast and lower in the Northeast region. Crop diversification presented a negative impact on family farming activity, although this practice is considered highly important for agricultural sustainability. These results confirm, based on the data, empirical findings regarding the sector and also reveal new information such as the negative impact that rural assistance services are demonstrated to have on smallholders' income. Therefore, this study provides essential information to support policy makers in the process of formulating better and more efficient policies in order to strengthen smallholders in Brazil and guarantee food security in the future.
The structural heterogeneity of family farming in Brazil
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Regional and productive inequality may stem from the agricultural modernization process, in which some agents are able to incorporate and absorb technological content, while others are excluded, not only from the innovative organizational environment, but also from learning processes and the dissemination of new production techniques and knowledge. This paper analyses family farming, by making comparisons in regional terms and by groups of producers using high, medium and low technology. It also calculates the productive inequality index (Gini coefficient of gross income) of the north, northeast , centre-west, southeast and south regions. In view of the regional differentiation, the size of enterprises and the various levels of technological growth, public policies should focus on reducing the disparities that hamper the dissemination of new knowledge and productivity growth among economic agents, leading to greater productive inclusion.
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This article addresses the trajectories of peasant families of the rural areas in the municipalities of Juazeiro, Casa Nova, Campo Alegre de Lourdes, and Remanso development, in the Sertão do São Francisco territory, semiarid Bahia, Brazil. It aims to interpret the processes of rural development in the territory based on the results of innovations incorporated by families from the interaction in learning networks mobilized by non-governmental organizations and access to a set of public policies. The Lume method was used to guide the economic and ecological analysis of agroecosystems. In its recent history, this territory was the beneficiary of several policies of tackling misery and hunger through Zero Hunger (Fome Zero) and Brazil without Extreme Poverty (Brasil sem Miséria) governmental programs, aimed at peasant farming. The incidence of extensive territorial development policies conducted by innovative institutionalities is another feature that called the attention of the resear...