Effects of Criminology on A Nation: Evidence From Nigerias Socio-Economic And National Security Architecture (original) (raw)
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Security Architecture and Insecurity Management: Context, Content and Challenges in Nigeria
Sokoto Journal of the Social Sciences, 2014
The resurgence of high profile crimes within the polity and the ineffective response by the national security apparatus have reignited the debate on the need to decentralize the police and allied security organizations in Nigeria. This article critically examined the operational structure and implications of national security management in Nigeria using the theoretical framework of concentric circle. The paper argued that the extant centralized and reactionary security system in the country embodies dysfunctional systemic implications that perpetuate violent insecurity. In tune with the concentric circles postulations, the paper identified the individuals as the centerpiece from where the household, community, the local government area, the state and the federation evolve and revolve as security circles of different radii. It posited that security concerns are in circles and actors within each circle are better attuned to concentrate and manage the security challenge therein. Accordingly, it underscored the need for decentralization of the police and other state-owned agencies of internal security management in order to mitigate the upsurge in crime and violence including those emanating from armed robbers, political assassins, ransom kidnappers, oil thieves, and Islamic insurgents among others.
PEACE CONFLICT/ SECURITY STUDIES , 2021
Abstract The level of insecurity and alarming crimes in developing nations like Nigeria and many States in Africa seem to be enveloped by various challenges and underutilization of 21st century technology, information communication technology (ICT). A situation where ICT related in government owned strategic agency saddled with „DECHECAPPREH‟2 - detect, checkmate and apprehend crimes and insecurities are not optimally effective. The paper identifies pentagonal analyses in the objectives: Systemic Problem, Structural and Functional Analysis, Intelligence Building and Gathering (IBG), Weak and Strong Institutions; and Intervening Mechanisms. Considering National Identification Number (NIN)) and Bank Verification Number (BVN) in national security in the Banking Sector integrated strategy on cyber and other related crimes (ISCCs) in advancing internal security defense (AISD) against all criminal tendencies (ACTs). How state anticipated response to crime and security (SARCRIMES) can be created and annex? The paper examines effective ICT strategy in security and nation‟s Social Technology such as “The rule of law, the existing property rights, a well-organised Banking system, economic transparency, a lack of corruption, and other social and institutional factors played a far greater role in determining national economic success than did any other category of factors…”3 (Beinhocker, 2006: 261). A systemic response, „Fish in-fish out‟ and „Crop-Weed‟ multi-intelligence crime combat (MINTCRIMECOMB) is provided for institutions, security agencies /agents for positive sociopolitical and economic atmosphere. The paper also came up with tri-patterns regional „world security system (WSS)‟ analyses with opportunity for advanced multi-technology device-model in crime combat for national security…structural-functional security analyses, Jonathan-Buhari regimes [2011-2023] above. Keyword: Advanced internal security defense (aisd), spate of criminalities, dechecappreh, information communication technology (ict), multi-intelligence crime combat (mintcrimecomb) model, state anticipated response to crime and security (sarcrimes).
World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022
The yawning loop between federal security agencies and the private security industries has an aggravating effects on the nonresponsiveness of the national security architecture, where almost all actors are siloed in a stand-alone-mode. As an interactive national security architecture fusing federal security agencies with private Guard Companies in Intelligence sharing networks, as seen in developed clime could have a catalytic effects on national security architecture. It was against this backdrop that this study leverages on participatory theory (Network Analysis Theory) to investigate the impact of intelligence community and private guard companies on national security architecture in Nigeria. The study deconstruct National Security into, economic security and education security. This study adopts qualitative research design using exploratory research design on publicly available archive documents; study also relies solely on secondary data. The research is conducted by examining literature concerning private security industry, national security architecture, intelligence community and its effects on human security in Nigeria. The literature was obtained through searches in publicly available material. Literature from non-serial publications, official reports, and conferences has been included particularly if they have been cited by other references in term of intelligence sharing and private Guard companies and effects on national security architecture. Results that originate from this study revealed that one of the effects of intelligence sharing between private security industry and government security agencies correlates with economic security in job provisions and upyick startup tech industry. Result also submits that intelligence sharing of players domicile in the security architecture alongside private security industry positively influences public safety which could reinforces the Global safe school projects and slow down the widening illiteracy trajectories. The study recommends that government should establish fusion centres for all actors particularly, private security industry and NSCDC, as it will consolidate nation's economic security further. Study also recommends that while private security could assist in the Safe school projects, NSCDC should provide the needed horizon security which ensures public safety.
mainstreaming human security.docx
Nigeria is security idea. As a state, it was cobbled together by the British to satisfy their imperial economic needs. In the last one century, beginning with the British and then Nigerians, the attempt has been to impress upon and maintain the legitimacy of the state among the hundreds nationalities within its borders who are constantly challenging what they consider as illegitimate imposition. This challenge is heighten by the prevalence of the non inclusive policies at all levels of government. The result is that huge resource is being expended on equipping the state to contain this challenge to detriment of pursuing inclusive programmes and policies. Using anecdotes and secondary sources, the paper argues that the time has come to mainstream the pursuit of human security as the inclusive security idea for the survival of Nigeria in the next 100 years. This is because nationalities within the Nigerian state have been denied the benefit of their immense wealth that should transform their lives. Poor governance and corruption are responsible for this. The endless conflicts and social unrests by different nationalities is evidence of this dissatisfaction. The paper is of the view that channelling resource to human security lessens the need to emphasise state security. It is the panacea for Nigeria surviving into the future. The time to start is now.
National Security and National Development: A Critique
This paper examined the prominent role played by security of life and properties in the development of the society. Its primary focus is that security is the major determinant of development of any society. It also critically examined the role of security in the development of the Nigerian nation. It ramified the concepts of national security and national development, how they are intertwined and linked them to the Nigerian society. The paper examined the causes of national security challenges in Nigeria such as corruption, injustice, poverty, poor health care delivery services, decayed and collapsed infrastructure, environmental degradation and socioreligious crises. The paper examined the correlations between all these causes of insecurity and the crises of underdevelopment in Nigeria particularly in the area of abject poverty, unemployment, lack of functional industries, low foreign investment, diversion of public funds, youth restiveness, religious and social violence, poor tourist attraction, and negative effect on the psychological wellbeing of the citizenry. It evaluates the issues raised and concluded that the issues are meant for pro-active reaction of the generality of the Nigerians and not the government alone.
International Journal of Social Science, Management, Peace and Conflict Research (IJSMPCR), 2023
The concept of National Security has been known to connote the preservation of sovereignty and territorial integrity as well as internal stability. However, it is the purpose of national security to find security solutions through community policing for the protection of lives and property, physical infrastructure, and key assets as well as hinder the movement of terrorists and their cells. It was against this background that this study adopted the Gap theory to investigate impact of community policing on security management in Kubwa, Bwari area council FCT-Abuja. This study decomposed community policing into interconnectedness between the Nigeria Law Enforcement Agencies with the host community and accommodation of private and informal security providers into the Nigeria Security architecture. This study employed an exploratory research design with reliance on publicly available archive documents. The study relies solely on secondary data. The research is conducted by examining literature concerning community policing and security management. The literature was obtained through searches in the publicly available material. Literature from non-serial publications, official reports, and conferences has been included particularly if they have been cited by other references in connection with national security, community policing, security architecture, and security management. In findings, the paper identified poor interconnectedness between the Nigeria Law Enforcement Agencies with the very community they set out to protect. The finding from the study submits that Nigeria's Security architecture is too unitary hence its inability to incorporate the private security providers, and other informal security actors in addressing insecurity. The study recommends that the Nigerian security agency's ratings and funding should be linked to the community they serve. The study also recommends that Nigeria's Security architecture should encourage decentralization of commands and control closer to the people by unbundling security from the exclusive list into the concurrent list, so as to properly situate security closer to the people and not the elite alone.
Security imperatives and societal implications for government: Perspectives in Nigeria
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 2020
In the first half of the year 2020, Nigeria had recorded intensified violence spawn from the insurgent groups in the form of Boko Haram Islamic sect, Islamic State in West African Province (ISWAP), banditry and the self-styled Fulani herdsmen attacks in the North East, North West, and now in other regions of the country. These seemingly intensified and determined campaign of violence by these insurgent groups, and the ineptitudes of the Security Chiefs to contain the activities of these terrorists groups and criminal gangs, as well as the occasional violations of human rights and abuse of the rule of law, inarguably, resulted to the regular outcries for the protection of lives and properties, as well as the removal of the Security Service Chiefs in the country. This study, therefore, seeks to unveil the reasons behind the activities of these insurgent groups and the consequences of their actions to socioeconomic development of the country. Also of pertinence is the need to x-ray the trends in attacks by the insurgents and criminal gangs. To achieve the objectives of this study, historical research design which is qualitative and explorative in nature was adopted. This means that data used were derived mainly from secondary source such as textbooks, journal publications, official documents, internet materials, among others. The study adopts Expectancy theory to examine the need for the government and security agencies to ensure the citizens are protected, and not particularly, the regime. Policy options were proffered to ameliorate the consequences of the activities of the insurgent groups and to strengthen the security agencies, especially the armed forces to enable them combat these insurgencies in the country. Moreover, the government needs to improve on border security to stem the inflow of jihadist groups, small and light weapons through the country's porous borders with its neighbouring countries; and also on the forestry department in order to check the movement of these criminal groups who find our forests as safe for camping and training of their recruited members, among others.
FACTORS MILITATING INTELLIGENCE GATHERING AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
Yamtara-Wala Journal of Arts, Management and Social Sciences (YaJAMSS), 2024
Research has shown that Nigeria's intelligence is compromised and security is not effectively managed as terrorism, banditry, herdsmen/farmers violent attacks, kidnapping and militancy have been on the increase in the last two decades. This study therefore examined the factors militating intelligence gathering and security management in Nigeria. Social disorganization theory is used as the theoretical orientation. Data for this study were sourced from content analysis of secondary sources such as books, journals, reports from credible mainstream newspapers, internet, and official documents, spanning a period of eight years, from May 2015 to May 2023. The findings revealed primitive mode of intelligence gathering, lack of training and retraining of security agents in modern techniques of intelligence gathering and security management, infiltration of security agencies, lack of security knowledge and knowledge of security, distrust of security agencies and agents by majority of Nigerians, lack of synergy and information-sharing among security agencies, poor remuneration and welfare of police personnel and failure of the Federal Government of Nigeria to encourage state policing. It is therefore recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria work hand-in-hand with heads of security agencies to sanitize the security agencies by throwing out the bad eggs; graduates with security knowledge and knowledge of security should be recruited into the armed forces, police and other security agencies; intelligent systems and technologies be deployed by security agencies in the fight against terrorism and insurgency, kidnapping, banditry, militancy, herdsmen/farmers violence, highway robberies and all other security operations; security agents be trained and retrained in modern methods of intelligence collection, collation, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation; the Federal Government of Nigeria should consider and amend the Section 214 of the Constitution to pave way for State Governments to establish state police in order to bring security nearer to the people; and government should entrench value reorientation mechanisms of the security agencies, agents, and the citizens to enhance effective security management.
Deradicalisation and national security
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023
There is no gainsaying that the Northeast of Nigeria is extensively riddled by extreme views and violence, oiled by poverty, literacy disconnect, unregulated radical clerics, ungoverned spaces, widening literacy gap, and unemployment confronting the population and these further aggravate the vulnerability of Nigeria's national security. It was against this background that this study adopted the reintegrative shaming theory to investigate the nexus between deradicalisation and national security. This study decomposed national security into terrorism and proliferation of small arms and light weapons, using the lens of deradicalisation process under Operation Safe Corridor and Sulhu. This study employed exploratory research design with reliance on publicly available archive documents. The study relies solely on secondary data. The research is conducted by examining literature concerning deradicalisation, terrorism and small and light weapon proliferation. The literature was obtained through searches in publicly available material. Literature from non-serial publications, official reports, and conferences has been included particularly if they have been cited by other references in connection with national security. Findings from the study showed that deradicalisation positively influence counterterrorism campaign by the military, intelligence and law enforcement agencies.Result from study also showed that deradicalisation influence onproliferation of small arms and light weapon remained largely unsettled. The study recommends that government should create holistic buy-ins into the operation safe corridor, whichshould be broadened and not siloed as presently seen in Nigeria by the military, which has a low buy in point, for local community involvement. The study also recommends the Nigeria Security architecture should encourage decentralization of commands and control closer to the people by unbundling security from exclusive list into the concurrent list, so as to properly situate security closer to the people and not the elite alone.
Security Challenges and Implications to National Stability
IISTE, 2015
Security of lives and property is a dire need for any thriving country. Without security, a country remains exposed to threats, and is vulnerable. In this state, the attainment of such a country's objectives and projects becomes a herculean task. This is the case for Nigeria. In the face of this insecurity situation of Nigeria, the attitude of the government remains unsatisfactory. Hence, this paper sought to examine the security challenges facing the Nigerian government and their implications to national stability. To do this, the paper relied on secondary sources and made use of empirical approach. Finally, the paper made recommendations such as the retraining of Nigerian security agencies, the changing of the government's approach and attitude regarding security matters, the evolving of programmes of cultural and political education and orientation, embarking on a de-radicalization strategy among others, that will aid the government to ensure security in Nigeria.