Modelling Analysis Of A D.C. Electromagnetic Contactor (original) (raw)
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With the increasing concern on reliability and life span of electromagnetic contactors, manufacturers are now providing devices equipped with electronic control units, in an effort to reduce problems associated with contact bounce, such as contact wear, excessive heating, contact welding, etc. The addition of a control unit, however, brings increased costs both in the development and production of this new generation of contactors. Considering this, a cost-effective microcontroller-based electronic control module is proposed. Some fundamental equations are reviewed, and the most important aspects of the control algorithms employed are discussed. Finally, experimental results are presented.
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Design and analysis method for a DC magnetic contactor with a permanent magnet
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The demand for a DC power distributed system is increasing as renewable energy sources and DC electrical load are proliferating. For the automation of a power system, a magnetic contactor for the DC power system is required. The conventional magnetic contactors are mostly equipped with a solenoid magnetic actuator. However, the conventional magnetic contactor has problems with continuous power consumption, and heat generation. To address these problems, a permanent magnet type DC magnetic contactor is proposed in this paper.
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This paper develops an estimator of the kinematics of the movable parts of any AC powered contactor. This estimator uses easily measurable electrical variables such as the voltage across the coil terminals and the current flowing through the main coil of the contactor. Hence, a low cost microcontroller would be able to implement a control algorithm in order to reduce the undesirable phenomenon of contact bounce, which causes severe erosion of the contacts and dramatically reduces the electrical life and reliability of the contacts. To develop such an estimator is essential to have at our disposal a robust model of the contactor. Therefore, a rigorous parametric model that allows us to predict the dynamic response of the AC contactor is proposed. It solves the mechanic and electromagnetic coupled differential equations that govern the dynamics of the contactor by applying a Runge-Kutta-based solver. Several approaches have been described in the technical literature. Most of them are based on high cost computational finite elements method or on simplified parametric models. The parametric model presented here takes into account the fringing flux and deals with shading rings interaction from a general point of view, thus avoiding simplified assumptions.
Mathematical model of electrical contact bouncing
Abstract. Mathematical model of a contact bouncing takes into account elastic-plastic and electrodynamic forces, phase transformations during interaction of electrical arc with the contact surface as a result of increasing temperature. It is based on the integro-differential equations for the contact motion and Stefan problem for the temperature field. These equations describe four consecutive stages of the contact vibration from the impact at contact closing up to opening after bouncing including effects of penetration and restitution. The new method for the solution of the Stefan problem is elaborated, which enables us to get the information about dynamics of zones of elasticity, plasticity and phase transformations during contact vibration. It is shown that the decrement of damping depends on the coefficient of plasticity and the moment of inertia only, while the frequency of vibration depends also on the hardness of contact, its temperature, properties of contact spring, and geometry of rotational mechanism. It is found also from the solution of Stefan problem that the relationship between dynamical zones of plasticity and melting explains the decrease of current density and contact welding. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data.
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Static and Dynamic Analysis for Contactor with a New Type of Permanent Magnet Actuator
Ieice Transactions, 2006
A new type of permanent magnet actuator driven by electromagnetic repulsive force in breaking course and electromagnetic attraction force during closing course is presented in this paper, and the static and dynamic characteristics for contactor with this new type actuator are mainly focused on by simulation and experiment simultaneously. Firstly, the static electromagnetic attraction force in closing course and electromagnetic repulsive force in breaking course are studied by FEM simulation and experiment. Secondly, by coupling of the electrical and mechanical differential equations, the dynamic electromagnetic attraction force in closing course and dynamic electromagnetic repulsive force in breaking course are obtained respectively. Thirdly, by constructing the mechanical model of contact system and permanent magnet actuator, the displacements of moving contact and moving core while both contactors' closing and breaking are obtained by simulation and experimental study. It is indicated that simulation results coincide well with that of experiment. key words: contactor, permanent magnet actuator, electromagnetic repulsive force