Synthesis of Zeolite from Kaolin Clay from Erusu Akoko Southwestern (original) (raw)
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SYNTHESIS OF ZEOLITE FROM KAOLIN CLAY FROM ERUSU AKOKO SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 2018
Nigeria is blessed with abundant kaolin clay and solid mineral deposits scattered in various parts of the country, yet the country solely depends on imported zeolite as commercial adsorbent for wastewater treatment, catalyst for the petroleum industry and other applications. This work describes the development of a process to produce zeolite from clay mineral.The beneficiated kaolin clay was converted to metakaolin at 600 o C, and then leached with sulphuric acid to achieve the required silica-alumina ratio for zeolite synthesis. An alkaline fusion stage was then carried-out to transform the metakaolin into zeolite. Identification of the crystalline phase by X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that it consists of both zeolite X and Y. Infrared spectra analysis confirmed the presence of zeolite framework structure. Transmission electron microscopy, surface area and pore volume of the synthesized zeolite were examined and the results from all the analysis confirmed that zeolite can be produced from the kaolin clay.
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2020
This work describes the development of a process to produce zeolite X from mined kaolin clay from Kono-Boue and Chokocho, Rivers State, Nigeria. The procedures involved the beneficiation of the raw kaolin and calcinations at 850˚C, to transform the kaolin to a more reactive metakaolin. Afterwards, the extremely reactive metakaolin was purge with sulphuric acid to obtain the much needed silica-alumina ratio for zeolite X synthesis. An alkaline fusion stage was then carried out to transform the metakaolin into zeolite by mixing with aqueous NaOH to form gel then allowed to stay for a duration of seven days at room temperature. The samples were then charged into a propylene container and placed in an oven at a temperature of 100˚C for the reaction to take place for 6 h. Identification of the crystalline phases by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), chemical/elemental compositions by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopic analyses (EDS), surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and molecular vibration of units by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR) were done. The results showed that the zeolite synthesized from Chokocho kaolin (CK) was more crystalline/larger with sharper peaks on both XRD and FTIR than that from Kono-Boue. This was also supported by slightly rougher surface morphology of CK over KK on SEM. XRF Si:Al ratios of 10.73 and 14.36 were obtained for KK and CK respectively. EDS results supported the XRF ratios. Sharper zeolitic characteristic O-H stretching bands at 3488 and 3755 cm −1 were recorded for CK than KK. However, both results showed that zeolite X have been produced from both Kono-Boue and Chokocho kaolin clays respectively.
Nigerian Journal of Technology, 2018
Kaolin samples from Ajebo and Darazo in Nigeria were characterized and used to produce zeolite-A crystals. The thermal analysis indicates that both samples undergo de-hydroxylation from 450 o C to about 700 o C and are converted to metakaolin with a weight loss of about 11.39 and 10.43% for the Ajebo and Darazo samples respectively. Characteristic OH, Al-OH, Si-OH and Si-O-Al bands were confirmed in both samples with Infra-red spectroscopy studies. The X-ray diffraction patterns clearly show the presence of the characteristic peaks (12.35 and 24.88 o) of kaolinite with little quartz impurities. X-ray diffraction measurements (2Ɵ peaks at 7-18 o and 21-35 o) and scanning electron micrographs clearly show that zeolite-A crystals are produced. The microstructures of kaolin, metakaolin and zeolite-A crystals reveal the presence of platy crystals, amorphous spherical aggregates and cubic-shaped crystals with some amorphous gel respectively. The results show that both Ajebo and Darazo kaolin are suitable for zeolite-A synthesis.
2021
Zeolites NaA is one of the most valuable synthetic zeolites widely used as ion-exchange material, catalysts, and adsorbents in industry. There is therefore need to adopt a more energy-efficient route for its synthesis from low-cost and sustainable raw materials. In this present work, zeolites Na-A was synthesized from natural kaolinite clays obtained from three selected regions (Ikere, Okpella and Kankara) in Nigeria. The asreceived kaolinite clays (IKclay, OKclay and KAclay) were initially beneficiated thoroughly to obtain pure powders (˂75 μm). The processed kaolinite clay powders were then subjected to heating in a muffle furnace at 850C for 3 h at a heating rate of 10C/min to convert the kaolinite clays to their respective metakaolins. The obtained metakaolins were then reacted with NaOH solutions at varying concentrations of 3.0 and 4.0M respectively using a low temperature hydrothermal transformation to obtained Zeolites Na-A powders. The obtained zeolites were then analyzed b...
Development And Characterization Of ZeoliteyFrom A Nigerian Local Raw Material
2015
Zeolites are important chemical materials used in chemical processes. The manufacture of the materials usually involves the use of expensive chemicals. This study involves the use of Elefun Nigerian Kaolin (ENK) as precursor material for the development of zeolite Y. The synthesis of zeolite Y was successful following a sequence: collection of raw kaolin clay from Elefun area of Ogun state, Nigeria; subjecting it to, calcination, partial dealumination and final hydrothermal synthesis. The raw clay was refined using sedimentation technique to recover 98 percent kaolin. Both conventional and novel methods of metakaolinization technique were used to convert kaolin into the reactive metastable phase. Amorphous metakaolin was obtained at a temperature of 850oC at residence time of 6 hours. The percentage of the alumina in the metakaolin was reduced through reaction with sulphuric acid to give Silica/Alumina molar ratio of 4.7 after ageing for between seven and nine days. The unique proce...
Synthesis of zeolite A from Ethiopian kaolin
Zeolite A is synthesized using natural kaolin from Ethiopia. Raw kaolin and mechanically purified kaolin from Ansho, southern part of Ethiopia, have been surveyed. The starting kaolin and the final zeolite A samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (ICP), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Metakaoli-nization was achieved by calcining the kaolin in air at 600 C within 3 h, much lower than the temperatures previously reported in the literature. The optimization of the hydrothermal synthesis includes various NaOH concentrations at 100 C, for different reaction time. Zeolite A with molar ratio SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ¼ 2.04 and Na 2 O/SiO 2 ¼ 0.44 was obtained with 90% crystallinity using solid/liquid (1.25 g/25 ml) and reaction time of 3 h which is significantly lower than the literature value that can reach up to 24 h. In this study, cubic crystal with rounded edge of zeolite A having cation exchange capacity of 295 mg CaCO 3 /g (4.6 meq Ca 2þ /g) of anhydrous zeolite is obtained that can be a good candidate for detergent formulation.
Preliminary studies on hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite from Malaysian kaolinite clays
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
The use of kaolin as a source of silica and alumina for synthesis of zeolite has been widely reported with various compositions and processing routes. However, since kaolin is highly influenced by geological origin and geographical formation, coupled with the processing method, two different crude kaolin were obtained at various locations in Peninsular Malaysia to serve as precursor for synthesis of zeolite. Hydrothermal treatments were made at reasonable low temperature of 90°C in an oven. The synthesized product was then analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate the potentials of the process and the product. The outcome of the analysis suggested that the breaking down of the clay structure and the armophization process can improve raw material reactivity. However, the crystallinity and composition of the crude kaolin together with appropriate incubation time can greatly influence the synthesis process and the product.
Utilization of Egyptian kaolin for Zeolite-A Preparation and Performance Evaluation
Zeolite-A was synthesized from Egyptian kaolin through metakaolinization and zeolitization. Metakaolinization targeted the thermal activation of kaolin, while zeolitization involved alkaline attack of thermally activated, amorphous kaolin (metakaolin) and its transformation into crystalline Zeolite-A. Effect of various controlling parameters on ZeoliteA preparation was investigated. These include temperature and time of metakaolinization, solid to liquid (S/L) ratio, NaOH concentrations and processing time of zeolitization. Zeolite-A was prepared on both laboratory and pilot scales. Metakaolin and prepared Zeolite-A were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The sorbent removal of chromium (III) from synthetic 5 mg/l solution was investigated in batch mode using raw kaolin, and Zeolite-A prepared on lab and pilot scales .Results indicated that the produced Zeolite-A samples are well-developed crystals with almost uniform particle size distr...
Nanochemistry Research, 2023
Zeolite A was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal transformation of kaolin. The kaolin was first transformed to meta kaolin by calcination at 600OC, then treated with 3M NaOH solution (1:5 ration) in a stainless-steel autoclave with a teflon liner. The mixture was heated to 121°C for 2h to insert the sodium ions into the metakaolin structure. The treated kaolin clay was washed three times with deionized water to remove the excess unreacted NaOH, filtered and dried in an oven at 100°C overnight. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Zeolite A and the individual zeolie/metal oxide nanocomposites including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Furrier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunnuer Emmett teller (BET) analysis. FTIR confirmed the presence of Si-O, Si-Al, Al-O, and metal oxygen bonds. SEM/EDX revealed a cubic morphology with some bigger particles that are mono dispersed and partially spherical, along with different compositions of the elements present. XRD showed a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with 25.73 nm lattice, while XRF confirmed the presence of SiO2, Al2O3 as well as with different major and trace metal oxides. The BET analysis showed 3.9457 and 4.3044 (m2/g), 0.6032 and 0.5598 (cm3/g), 603.087 and 617.503(Ǻ) for both the kaolin clay and the synthesized zeolite A, respectively. The results of this synthesis route demonstrate that Zeolite A was successfully synthesized.
Kaolin as a Source of Silica and Alumina For Synthesis of Zeolite Y and Amorphous Silica Alumina
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
Kaolin is the clay mineral which containing silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) in a high percentage, that can be used as a nutrient in the synthesis of zeolites and amorphous silica alumina (ASA). The objective of this research is to convert the Belitung kaolin into silica and alumina as nutrients for the synthesis of zeolites and amorphous silica alumina, which are required in the preparation of the catalysts. Silica and alumina contained in the kaolin were separated by leaching the active kaolin called as metakaolin, using HCL solution, giving a solid phase rich silica and a liquid phase rich alumina. The solid phase rich silica was synthesized to zeolite Y by adding seed of the Y Lynde type, through the hydrothermal process with an alkaline condition. While, the liquid phase rich alumina was converted into an amorphous silica alumina through a co precipitation method. Characterization of zeolite and ASA were done using XRD, surface area and pore analyzer and SEM. The higher of alumina in liquid phase as a result of the rising molar of HCL in the leaching process was observed, but it didn't work for its rising time. Products of ASA and zeolite Y were obtained by using liquid phase rich alumina and solid phase rich silica, respectively, which resulted through leaching metakaolin in 2.5 M HCl at temperature of 100° C for 2 hours.