Prevalence of depression, anxiety and Quality of life among North Indian Polycystic ovary syndrome Women: Evidence from a prospective observational study (original) (raw)
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Universal Journal of Public Health, 2023
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting up to 22.5% of women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS experience high rates of depression and anxiety. Settings and Design: Cross sectional study design. Objective: Primary objective of study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among women with PCOS. Secondary objective was to analyze association of psychological factors (depression, anxiety and stress) with sociodemographic factors and clinical aspects among Indian women with PCOS. Methods: One hundred and four women in the reproductive age group (18–45 years) diagnosed with PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria, without any pre-existing psychiatric illness were interviewed for depression, anxiety and stress using DASS21 scale. Result: Out of 104 women with PCOS 46.16% suffered from mild to moderate levels of depression, 64.42% experienced (mild to extremely severe) anxiety while 53.85% reported varying degrees of stress. Women with higher BMI (overweight and obese), hirsutism scores and having acne were more susceptible to being depressed. The odds ratio for women experiencing depression were as follows: hirsutism scores was 1.113, being overweight, 5.023 (1.359 to 18.566), being obese was 3.298 (1.167 to 9.314), and having acne was 3.29 (1.267 to 8.541). Conclusion: It is observed a large percentage of women with PCOS suffer from psychological factors such as depression, anxiety and stress. Also, BMI, hirsutism and acne were found to be significant contributors to depression among women with PCOS. It is suggested that clinicians and healthcare practitioners develop and utilize a comprehensive approach in the management of PCOS based on biopsychosocial model of health.
PLOS ONE, 2022
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female reproductive endocrine problem worldwide. The prevalence of mental disorder is increasing among PCOS patients due to various physical, psychological, and social issues. Here we aimed to evaluate the mental health and associated factors among women suffering from PCOS in Bangladesh. Methods We performed an online cross-sectional survey among 409 participants with PCOS using Google Forms. We used structured questionnaires to collect socio-demographic information and lifestyle-related factors. Also, we applied patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale, and UCLA loneliness (UCLA-3) scale for psychometric assessment of the participants. Finally, we applied several statistical tools and performed data interpretations to evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorders and associated factors among patients with PCOS in Bangladesh. Results Prevalence of loneliness, generalized anxiety disorder and depressive illness among the women with PCOS were 71%, 88%, and 60%, respectively. Among the mental illness, mild, moderate, and severe cases were 39%, 18%, and 14% for loneliness; 39%, 23% and 26% for generalized anxiety disorder; and 35%, 18%, and 7% for depressive disorder. According to the present findings, obesity, financial condition, physical exercise, mealtime, food habit, daily water consumption, birth control method, and long-term oral contraceptive pills contribute to developing mental health disorders among females with PCOS in Bangladesh. Conclusion According to present study results, high proportion of women suffering from PCOS experience several mental disorders in Bangladesh. Although several socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors were found to be associated with the poor mental health of women with PCOS; however, PCOS itself is a condition that favors poor physical and psychological health. Therefore, we recommend proper treatment, public awareness, and a healthy lifestyle to promote the good mental health of women suffering from PCOS.
2022
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder in young women. Physical appearance, menstrual irregularities, and infertility are viewed as the sole causes of mental distress that affects quality of life.Methods: It was a comprehensive cross-sectional study that targeted women of reproductive age who visited the Abbasi Shaheed hospital's gynecology, obstetrics, and endocrinology departments in Karachi, Pakistan; aimed to compare health hazards associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and how they affect patients' quality of life (QOL) in Karachi, Pakistan. According to inclusion criteria; around 450 patients were included. PCOS patients' quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-12 questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied on collected data; Pearson’s chi square test with a p-value of <0.05 indicating statistically significance was used to determine the association among various risk fact...
A Biopsychosocial View of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Unpublished. Completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Arts in Human Services: Marriage and Family at Liberty University Online., 2010
"Despite the implication of the name, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects not merely the ovaries, but endocrine system function, psychological health, psychosocial and psychosexual development throughout the lifespan. Up to 10% of pre-menopausal women meet the diagnostic criteria for PCOS, making it the most prevalent endocrine disorder for this population. Common features of PCOS include: polycystic ovaries, irregular or absent ovulation, disruption of the menstrual cycle, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and central obesity. A review of extant literature reveals that as many as 50% of women with PCOS also meet the diagnostic criteria for a mood or anxiety disorder, with a strong correlation between PCOS and bipolar disorder. While such correlation does not equate to causality, some studies suggest that disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes might be the common etiology between the physical manifestations of PCOS and the decreased psychological wellbeing experienced by women with PCOS. Hyperandrogenism is a particular source of concern in psychosocial and gender identity development. Some studies show a significantly higher prevalence of PCOS among lesbian women and female-to-male transsexuals compared to the general population, while heterosexual women with PCOS frequently report feeling “different” or “less feminine” due to hyperandrogenism and infertility. Researchers recommend implementing routine screening of women with PCOS for psychological disorders, and conversely, screening of women with mood disorders for reproductive endocrinological dysfunction."
Psychological investigation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2013
Background The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of mood disorders and examine a range of predictors for psychological well-being among Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the factors related to psychological distress in PCOS patients in Kashan, Iran. Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition we assessed quality of life using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Socio-demographic details and clinical information of PCOS including obesity (body mass index), excessive body hair (hirsutism score), acne, menstrual cycle disturbances, infertility and endocrine profile also were recorded for each patient. Results In all 300 women with PCOS were entered into the study. Of these 32% (n =96) showed elevated HADS anxiety while depression was high in 5% (n =15). Quality of life was significantly impaired in women with anxiety (P <0...
Depression and Anxiety in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology and Treatment
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2017
Purpose of Review Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women and is associated with an increased prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This review presents potential mechanisms for this increased risk and outlines treatment options. Recent Findings Women with PCOS have increased odds of depressive symptoms (OR 3.78; 95% CI 3.03-4.72) and anxiety symptoms (OR 5.62; 95% CI 3.22-9.80). Obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated androgens may partly contribute to this association. Therefore, in addition to established treatment options, treatment of PCOS-related symptoms with lifestyle modification and/or oral contraceptive pills may be of benefit. Summary Screening for anxiety and depression is recommended in women with PCOS at the time of diagnosis. The exact etiology for the increased risk in PCOS is still unclear. Moreover, there is a paucity of published data on the most effective behavioral, pharmacological, or physiological treatment options specifically in women with PCOS.
Psychological distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome from imam khomeini hospital, tehran
Journal of Reproduction Infertility, 2012
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifaceted, heterogeneous disorder, affecting 4%−18% of reproductive-aged women and it is associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunctions. PCOS affects quality of life and can worsen anxiety and depression either due to the features of PCOS or due to the diagnosis of a chronic disease. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 81 patients with PCOS were recruited from Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center. A questionnaire with items related to pieces of information about stress was used for data collection. Stress symptoms were assessed using the Understanding Yourself questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Ver. 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, ILL, USA). The data are presented as mean±SD or as frequency with percentages. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The descriptive results showed that 8 (9.9%) participants did not have any signs of stress, 32 (39.5%) had neurotic stress, 29 (35.8%) had high and 12 (14.8%) had extremely high levels of stress. The odds of high levels of anxiety in women with hirsutism was 3.1 (95% CI, 1.00−9.59). The odds of high levels of obsession in overweight patients was 3.2 (95% CI, 1.12−9.234). The odds of high levels of worries in patients with touchy personality was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.10−11.19) obsession score. Conclusion: The present study showed that clinical signs of PCOS were most closely associated with psychological distress which has important implications in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders.
The polycystic ovary syndrome--a medical condition but also an important psychosocial problem
PCOS, the leading cause of anovulatory infertility that affects up to one fifth of the female population, is a complex chronic disease of genetic as well as environmental determination, but still unclear etiology. Besides of infertility, PCOS leads to menstrual dysfunctions, hirsutism and obesity--symptoms that are known to cause profound psychosocial distress. The present paper review the problematic of etiology and symptom expression of PCOS, which is not only a disease needing medical treatment but also a psychosocial problem for the affected women. PCOS may not only coinduced by psychosocial factors, the main symptoms of PCOS such as infertility, menstrual dysfunctions, hirsutism and obesity cause by themselves increased psychosocial stress.
Reproductive Health, 2018
Background: Psychological health is related to the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is an essential component of self-efficacy and enjoying a healthy lifestyle. Need assessment and plans to improve the psychological health of these women provides significantly valuable information to design an advantageous intervention program to reach that goal. Therefore, this study will conduct to improve the psychological health for women with PCOS through a designed comprehensive care. Methods: This is an exploratory mixed method study using consecutive qualitative-quantitative methods, including three consecutive phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study will be conducted to assess their needs and will design a care protocol for improving mental health of women with PCOS. Participants in this phase will select by purposive sampling method and data will collect using semi-structured interviews by taking notes at same time. Data will analyze using conventional content analysis method. At second phase, according the information obtained from previous phase and a literature review a comprehensive program to mental health care will be proposed. Then multidisciplinary team will review and finalize it according to priorities. The third phase will follow a quantitative approach using quasi-experimental study with two groups to measure the effectiveness of this program on the women's psychological health. Discussion: Designing a program based on a qualitative study and a review article and updated evidences can lead to improving of these women's psychological health and quality of life. Consequently, we expect to show that mental health program provided by a multidisciplinary team improves reproductive outcomes while at the same time being cost-effective in women with PCOS.