Infant Feeding Practices, Health And Nutritional Status: A Prospective Study Of Infants Seen At The University Of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur (original) (raw)
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BREAST FEEDING PRACTICES AND HEALTH OF INFANTS
In India nearly 60 infants per thousand live-births do not live long enough to see their first birthday and almost another six die before they reach their fifth birth day. The major causes of deaths of these children are malnutrition and infections. The children under five are prone to infections due to lack of awareness about feeding practices especially breastfeeding. It is well known that breastfeeding practices can have a substantial effect on infant health and mortality in developing countries. There are at least three known mechanisms by which breastfeeding contributes to infant health and survival. First, breast milk is ideally suited to the baby's metabolic structure and contains the optimal combination of nutrients. Second, breastfeeding allows the mother to pass on immunities that she herself has acquired to the baby. Education is a statistically significant variable that explains the nutritional status of the infants. It has been found to have a strong association with breast-feeding and feeding of colostrums. Educated mothers start supplementary feeding to the children at the appropriate age reduces the chances of malnutrition among children.
Patterns of Infant Feeding and Factors Associated with Them among Sample of Mothers in Kerbala City
Patterns of Infant Feeding and Factors Associated with Them among Sample of Mothers in Kerbala City, 2019
ackground: Breastfeeding improves the health, development, and survival of all children. As well as, saving life and improving the health of mothers. Further, it reduces economic burden on families and the community. Objectives: To identify patterns of infant feeding including breastfeeding. To assess the initiation of breastfeeding. And to recognize factors associated with these patterns. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerbala city. A random sample of mothers of infants aged 1 to 12 months was selected and interviewed. Mothers attended two primary health care centers and outpatient clinics of Kerbala Teaching Hospital for Children in Kerbala city for caring of their infants were considered eligible for the study. Interviews were carried out during period January 2-June 30, 2015. Results: Total of 317 mothers was enrolled in the study, (59%) of their babies were males. Mothers age range from (15-42) years with a mean and standard deviation age of 25 ± 5.98 years. Breastfeeding was the predominant feeding type (62%). Breastfeeding was significantly associated with younger maternal age, being vaginally delivered, being multipara and encouraging husband role. The initiation of breastfeeding was in the first hour in 73% of the mothers. And breastfeeding initiation within the first hour was negatively associated with being delivered by Caesarean section. While the main source of mother information regarding feeding was the family. Conclusion: Breastfeeding was the predominant type of feeding. Choosing and continuation of breastfeeding was positively associated with younger maternal age, normal vaginal delivery, multiparty and husband support.
Cureus, 2022
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the first fundamental right of the child. Globally less than half of the infants are optimally breastfed. Suboptimal breastfeeding can lead to increased respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. This study was undertaken to assess the potential determinants and effects of EBF among infants at a tertiary care hospital in south India since interventions to improve breastfeeding in communities have to be tailored to the needs of the population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among infants at the pediatric unit of a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala, from October 2019 to April 2020, using a structured questionnaire. Results: Two hundred fifty-seven infants were included in the final analysis. 70.4% of babies were exclusively breastfed for the first six months, although 80.9% were breastfed within the first hour after birth. Among determinants of EBF, unemployed mothers and mothers without a postgraduate degree were more likely to continue EBF for six months (OR 2.8 95% CI [1.6-4.9] and OR 2.7 95% CI [1.5-4.9], respectively). Antenatal counseling appeared to have some beneficial effects but the result was not statistically significant. The mean number of respiratory infections, infections requiring hospitalization, and mean antibiotic use was lower in the exclusively breastfed group, though this result was not statistically significant. However, a significantly lower number of breastfed babies had constipation (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) when compared to formula-fed babies. Conclusion: A higher percentage of infants presenting to our hospital has been exclusively breastfed as compared to the state average. Potential determinants of EBF include maternal education and employment and the potential effect of EBF includes protection against constipation. Further emphasis on counseling mothers antenatally, providing postnatal lactation support and counseling, providing mothers with adequate maternity leave will play a major role in promoting EBF in our community.
Breast-Feeding Behaviours of the Mothers
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009
Breast-feeding is the most useful nutrient due to the facts that its contents change according to the requirements of the newly-born, it protects them against the infections and it meets all the physiological and psychological needs of the baby in the fist six months and it is economical. In the following months, the infants getting breastmilk could be supported by additional nutrients so that they can make a healthy start in life being far away from the malnutrition and infection risks. This study was conducted at the local hospitals of Aksehir, Konya, with an aim to determine the breast-feeding behaviors of the volunteered 345 mothers who had 0-24-month-old babies. The ratio of the mothers who had breastfed their babies in wake of the birth was found to be 50.1%, while the ratio of the ones who did that in the first two hours was 35.9%. It was also found that 14.0% of the mothers hadn't breastfed their babies in the first three or more hours. Another finding in the study was that 89.0% of the mothers had given colostrums, while 7.2% of them hadn't. The other 3.8% said that they didn't remember if they had done that or not. The relationship between giving colostrums and the education level was found to be significant (p<0.05). It was also found that 79.7% of the mothers had chosen breast-feeding as the first nutrient to their babies in wake of the birth. The frequency of breast-feeding was found to vary as follows: 45.8 % of the mothers breastfed when their babies needed, 40.3% of them did that when their babies cried and the other 13.0% did breast-feeding according to a scheduled timetable. The ratio of the mothers who did not breast-feeding was 0.9%. The relationship between that frequency and mother education level was found to be significant statistically (p<0.05), but the relationship between breast-feeding frequency and other variables such as mother age, the order of the child in family and the number of children was found to be insignificant (p>0.05). The period in which the babies were fed by only breast milk without any additional nutrient was found to vary as follows: 69.1% of the babies were breastfed during 4-6 months, 27.0% were breastfed less than 4 months, 4.1% of them 7-12 months. The average breast-feeding period without any additional nutrient intake was found to be 4.5±0.8 months. 73.6% of the mothers who started giving the additional nutrient did that in the 4-6 months after the birth, while 17.2% of them did that before the fourth month and the other 9.2% of them did that after the sixth month following the birth.
Surveillance of Infant Feeding Practices in Riyadh City
Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2004
resistance to infection. Human milk contains antibodies against certain bacteria and viruses.5 The majority of mothers prefer to breast feed their infants. In one study, 81% of mothers believed that breastfeeding was the easiest and the most nutritious method of infant feeding.6 Another study showed that 98.3% of mothers supported breastfeeding.7 In another national survey, 90% of infants were exclusively breastfed initially, but this figure dropped to 50% at 3 months of age and 10% at 1 year of age.8 In a child health survey by the Ministry of Health, 90.2% of infants were breastfed at birth, but that dropped to 81.8% at three months of age.9 Mixed feeding with breast and bottle appears to be the popular method among mothers. A national survey from 11 health centers situated across the Kingdom showed that only 21.5% were completely breastfed, 20.6% were fed by artificial methods (bottle or cups) and 57.9% by a combination of breast and artificial methods.10 Insufficient breast milk was the most common reason cited for the early introduction of artificial milk or termination of breastfeeding. New pregnancy and contraceptive usage were other common reasons. Breast milk was considered harmful for the child when the mother becomes pregnant or uses contraceptives.1, 6> 8'9,11 Factors affecting the duration and pattern of breastfeeding have been studied in many surveys. Various factors, such as the maternal age, level of mother' s education, area of residence, occupation, parity, sex of the infant, prenatal care, family income, place and type of delivery, contraceptive use and others were found to be associated with breastfeeding. Lower duration of breastfeeding was found in young women when compared with their older counterparts.8,10,11,12 Khalil et al, reported that a substantial proportion of preterm infants faced a health problem that negatively affected the initiation and sustainability of breastfeeding.13 In one survey, younger women had a shorter duration of breastfeeding (9.3±6.9 months) than the older women did whose duration was more than 11
Breast feeding practices: Effect on infant morbidity
2019
WHO recommends mothers worldwide to exclusively breastfeed infants for the child's first six months to achieve optimal growth, development and health. Breast milk comes equipped with antibodies that a woman generates and passes on to her infant. Babies have immature immune systems, less stomach acid to destroy foreign substances and unsanitary eating habits, so these antibodies improve their chances of survival. If every child was breastfed within an hour of birth, given only breast milk for their first six months of life, and continued breastfeeding up to the age of two years, about 800,000 child lives would be saved every year. In view of this, a differential design on “Breast Feeding Practices: Effect on Infant Morbidity” was conducted in the year 2015-16 with the objective to assess the effect of breast feeding practices on infant morbidity. The population of the study consisted of 900 mother –infant dyads, where the infants were in the age group of 3months to 24 months and ...
IOSR Journals , 2019
Background-Infant and Young Child Feeding practices in India has recommended EBF for first 6 months of life. Despite the substantial impact on child and maternal health, breast feeding practices for infants is quiet unsatisfactory in India. The objective of present study was to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding during first 6months of life and to identify factors that are associated with the practice in the study area, so that proper interventions can be planned by the health system staff to strengthen the practice of EBF in that area. Methodology-A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted over almost one year at Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital. Cross-sectional study design with structured questionnaires was used among 215 mother-infant pair to collect data. Results-More than half of the infants (56.74%) are exclusively breast fed upto 6 months. EBF decreased progressively with age of the baby. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 37.2% of babies. Colostrum was given to 80.93% of babies. Prelacteal feed was given in 22.79% of babies. This study identified maternal education status, adequate no of antenatal visit, institutional delivery, normal vaginal delivery, advice regarding EBF during postnatal period, maternal age (20-30yrs), timing of initiation of breastfeeding to be significantly associated with EBF. No association could be explored between EBF and type of family, inter-delivery interval, colostrum feeding, ethnicity and gender of baby. Conclusions-About 56.74% of the infants were exclusively breastfed till six months of age, which is marginally greater than national value, this shows that undesirable cultural practices such as giving pre-lacteals, late initiation of breast feeding, discarding colostrum are still prevalent among the community & these should be discouraged by proper BCC activities.
Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding in Hamadi Public Health Center, Jayapura City
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2021
Background: The target of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is 80%, but in reality the agreed target has not been achieved. Papua Province data for 2014-2015 shows that the success of exclusive breastfeeding for babies aged 2 months is only 64%. This percentage decreases markedly in infants aged 2 to 3 months to 45% and in infants aged 4 to 5 months only reaches 14%. The success of exclusive breastfeeding of 15,983 babies aged 6 months, only 3,302 of them were breastfed, about 20.6% of them were exclusively breastfed. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for infants in the working area of the Hamadi Public Health Center, Jayapura City. Methods: This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in September 2020-January 2021. The total population was 412 people and a sample of 100 people using simple random sampling technique. The data was obtained using a questionnaire, and analyzed using chi square and binary logistic regression with a significant level of 5%. Results: Factors related to the exclusive breastfeeding are attitude (p-value = 0.009, RP = 3.563, 95% CI = 1.336-9.502) , family support (p-value = 0.005, RP = 3.467, 95% CI = 1.429-8.408) and health personnel support (p-value = 0.001, RP = 4.206, 95% CI = 1.764-10.025), while the factors that are not associated with exclusive breastfeeding, namely knowledge (p-value = 0.050, RP = 2.563, 95% CI = 0.986-6.662), age (p-value = 0.157), education (p-value = 0.186), and occupation (p-value = 0.571).
Breastfeeding Practices, Demographic Variables, and Their Association with Morbidities in Children
2020
Appropriate feeding practices are the key contributor to reducing morbidities and mortalities in under-five children. A crosssectional questionnaire based survey of mothers of children aged less than 5years was conducted in 781 mothers. More than half of mothers (57.5%) started feeding within an hour of birth, 55.9% gave exclusive breastfeeding for six months, 89.1% of the mothers stopped breastfeeding before two years of age, 18.2% of the mothers bottle-fed the babies, and 15.6% had problems during breastfeeding in first 6 months. Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth promoted exclusive breastfeeding, and breastfeeding for longer duration. Exclusive breastfeeding increased frequency of feeds. Multivariable logistic regression showed that initiation of breastfeeding after an hour of birth (p = 0.035), not providing exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (p < 0.0001), unemployed mothers (p = 0.035), having two or more kids (p = 0.001), and complementary feeds gi...