Superior vena cava syndrome as tumour presentation (original) (raw)
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Síndroma da veia cava superior como apresentação de neoplasia
Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia, 2010
Resumo A síndroma da veia cava superior (SVCS) é causada por uma obstrução/compressão gradual e insidiosa da veia cava superior, caracterizando-se por fácies pletórica, edema e ingurgitamento vascular do pescoço e parte superior do tronco. É geralmente tradutora de neoplasia, sendo o cancro do pulmão a sua causa mais comum. Objectivo: Estudo retrospectivo dos internamentos no Hospital de S. João entre Janeiro de 1995 e Dezembro de 2006 por SVCS de etiologia a esclarecer com a caracterização clínica dos doentes e a avaliação de factores de prognóstico.
Tumoral Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: About 19 Cases
SAS Journal of Medicine
Introduction: Superior vena cava syndrome (SCS) results from obstruction of the superior vena cava and/or its brachiocephalic collaterals by extrinsic compression and/or by tumor or cruoric thrombosis. The aim of this work is to draw up the clinical, radiological and therapeutic profile of SCV linked to cancers whatever their histological types. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at the Military Hospital Mohamed V -Rabat-, over a period of seven years, from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017. We included all the patients with histologically confirmed cancers, complicated by SCS. Results: 16 men and 3 women with cancer presented with SCS during the study period. Their average age was 53 years old. The SCS was indicative of neoplastic pathology in 63% of cases. The most common etiology was lung cancer (58%). The majority of patients received symptomatic treatment (oxygen therapy and corticosteroid therapy). Anticoagulant treatment at curative doses was ...
Superior vena cava syndrome: A medical emergency?
International Journal of Angiology, 2008
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome was originally described as being secondary to an infection. Currently, it is almost exclusively secondary to malignancy. A case of SVC syndrome presenting with dyspnea, facial swelling, neck distension and cough developed over a period of 10 days is reported. The approach included imaging studies and tissue diagnosis. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a lobulated mass on the right upper chest invading the mediastinum, and cytology obtained from bronchoscopy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment modalities of the SVC syndrome are discussed.
The superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant disease
European Journal of Radiology, 2006
Objective: The superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction by malignant diseases is either by direct invasion and compression or by tumour thrombus of the SVC. Whatever is its cause, obstruction of the SVC causes elevated pressure in the veins draining into the SVC and increased or reversed blood flow through collateral vessels. Severity of the syndrome depends on the collateral vascular system development. Therefore, imaging of the collateral veins with variable location and connection is important in determining the extension and management of the disease. Our aims are to describe collateral vessels of the superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) related with the malignant diseases and to assess the ability of multi-detector row CT with multiplanar and 3D volume rendering techniques in determining and describing collateral circulations. Materials and methods: We present CT angiography findings of seven patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 2), squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 3), Hodgkin disease of the thorax (n = 1), and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (n = 1). The patients received contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest and abdomen on a multi-detector row CT during breath holding at suspended inspiration. Results: CT images revealed the cause and level of the SVC obstruction in all patients with axial and multiplanar reconstructed images. The SVC showed total obstruction in five patients and partial obstruction in two patients. The most common experienced collateral vessels were azygos vein (6), intercostal veins (6), mediastinal veins (6), paravertebral veins (5), hemiazygos vein (5), thoracoepigastric vein (5), internal mammary vein (5), thoracoacromioclavicular venous plexus (5), and anterior chest wall veins (5). While one case showed the portal-systemic shunt, V. cordis media and sinus coronarius with phrenic veins were enlarged in two cases, and the left adrenal vein was enlarged in a patient. In one case, the azygos vein with reversed blood flow was drained into both inferior vena cava and hemiazygos vein with the left renal vein. Conclusion: Multi-detector row CT with multiplanar and 3D imaging is an effective tool in evaluation of the SVCS and has a greater advantage than the other imaging techniques. 3D volume rendering is a useful technique in determining and describing collateral circulations in addition to the primary disease process.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Palliative Approach to Treatment
Cureus
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is an oncologic emergency of venous congestion due to impaired venous flow through the SVC to the right atrium, leading to potential hemodynamic instability. We report a case of a 78-year-old female patient with a non-symptomatic lung nodule that exhibited rapid growth from its discovery to an enlarging tumor impinging the SVC in less than one month. The short time span from computed tomography (CT) image of the tumor to oncologic emergency required our team to act quickly to identify the source of the tumor and halt its progression, utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach while dealing with a patient that executed their right of autonomy to refusal of care, thus focusing on management with palliative goals since SVC syndrome has a life expectancy of six months post-diagnosis.
Fast-Track Management of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, 2004
We report our experience with a combined approach of endovascular biopsy followed by immediate stenting in the management of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome secondary to obstructing mediastinal masses. A diagnosis of malignancy was obtained in six of eight (75%) biopsies and symptomatic relief was accomplished in all patients. We have found this to be a rapid, safe and effective management strategy that we now consider for all patients presenting with de novo SVC syndrome.
Superior vena cava syndrome: endovascular management
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Background The objective of management of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is to promptly alleviate the uncomfortable symptoms. Conventional approaches do not always achieve results as rapidly as endovascular management with stent placement. Objectives To report the experience with endovascular management of SVCS of a Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Service at a Brazilian university hospital. Methods Symptomatic type III SVCS cases were managed with angioplasty and stent placement in 28 patients aged from 37 to 68 years, between 2002 and 2012. The etiology of SVCS was lung or thoracic cancer in 18 patients, while occlusion of the vein for prolonged use of catheters was the cause in the other 10 cases. Results Superior vena cava occlusion repair was not possible in one oligosymptomatic patient with a very severe lesion. Technical success was achieved in 96.4%. There were two deaths, one due to pulmonary embolism, 24 hours after a successful procedure, and the other due to compres...
Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Complication
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine, 2020
Inferior vena cava syndrome is rare and often difficult to diagnose because of its rarity and consequent low suspicion. We describe the case of a 28-year-old female patient with a history of nephroblastoma of the right kidney, stage IV, with a favourable histology with epidural metastasis (D5–D9), diagnosed at 3 years of age. The patient underwent treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient suffered from sudden low back pain worsening over 2 weeks, with progressive inability to walk. The pain radiated to the front of the thighs. Concomitantly, oedema of the lower limbs with cephalocaudal progression was observed. At admission to our institution, the physical examination showed peripheral oedema, abdominal wall venous collaterals, an inability to walk due to low back pain in the supine position, with no neurological deficits. Lumbar MRI showed exuberant epidural venous congestion. The hypothesis of inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) was considered and confirm...
SpringerPlus, 2016
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a relatively common sequela of mediastinal malignancies and may cause significant patient distress. SVCS is a medical emergency if associated with laryngeal or cerebral edema. The etiologies and management of SVCS have evolved over time. Non-malignant SVCS is typically caused by infectious etiologies or by thrombus in the superior vena cava and can be managed with antibiotics or anti-coagulation therapy, respectively. Radiation therapy (RT) has long been a mainstay of treatment of malignant SVCS. Chemotherapy has also been used to manage SVCS. In the past 20 years, percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava has emerged as a viable option for SVCS symptom palliation. RT and chemotherapy are still the only modalities that can provide curative treatment for underlying malignant etiologies of SVCS. The first experiences with treating SVCS with RT were reported in the 1970's, and several advances in RT delivery have subsequently occurred. Hy...