Factors Affecting the Utilization of Vaccines Among Children Undedr Five Children in Ikenne Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Background: Immunization can greatly reduce the burden of infectious diseases; prevent illness, disability and death from vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) including, Measles, Pertussis, Diphtheria, Polio, Rubella and Tetanus. Aim: The study was carried out to assess thefactors affecting vaccination coverage among children under five years at Kumbotso local government area Kano state. Design: Cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted through house-to-house visit throughout Kumbotso local government area. The sampling method used was the cluster sampling approach promoted by the World Health Organization. Total number of 30 clusters was used and 7household that involved mothers with under-five children from each cluster were selected. Total number of interviewed mothers was 420 from 11 districts. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the demographic characteristics of the interviewed mothers, as well as their knowledge and attitude in relation to vaccination. The used questionnaire used also for investigating the vaccination status of children of the interviewed mothers and the reasons of not being vaccinated. Result: The study findings revealed that less than two thirds of the studied mothers their children completely vaccinated, more than one third are partially vaccinated.Conclusion: Lack of adequate knowledge regarding immunization by the mothers was the major constrain for vaccinating children. Recommendations: Continuous radio and television jingles and provisions of information education and communication (IEC) materials related to the importance of immunization.
Factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Immunization is the most cost effective of public health intervention geared towards reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. There has been a global increase in the rate of immunization coverage with its attendant decline in vaccine preventable deaths. The immunization coverage in developing countries like Nigeria has however been challenging due to some reasons. Therefore, this study determined the immunization status and the factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State. Cross sectional descriptive studies of under five children in Nasarawa State using a multi staged sampling technique. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the recruited participants across the three senatorial zones of the state. Data collection was done using both the immunization cards and oral interview of care-givers. Data analysis was with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Univariates, bivariates and multivariates analyses were done with significant value set at p < 0.05. A total of 55,036 of the target population of 74,775 (4% of the total population of Nasarawa State) received (Baccille, Calmette and Guerin BCG) vaccine in the state in the year 2018, giving a 73.6% immunization coverage for Nasarawa State in the year 2018. Immunization drop-out rate for pentavalent vaccine was 31.6%. The location of Primary Healthcare Centre, antenatal care attendance, distance to healthcare centre and numbers of children in a household are strong determinants of the immunization status across Nasarawa State. There is high immunization coverage in the present study. Incomplete immunization is influenced by Ignorance, mother's travelling, fathers' refusal, child's small stature and or illness as well as distance to the health facilities.
Abstract Recent survey conducted in Nigeria in 2013 reported that complete immunization coverage for Nigerian children is 25%. This is quite low despite the huge resources being committed and thus raises concerns to identify the factors that may be responsible. This study aimed at establishing the immunization status and its determining factors of children aged 12 – 24 months in Bida Emirate Area (BEA) of Niger state; and identify reasons for immunization failure. Chi square was used to determine the relationship between selected mothers, fathers and children variables with full immunization status. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the likelihood effects of the selected factors on immunization status. Complete Immunization (CI) coverage for BEA was 29.86%, while, 48.42% were partially immunized (PI) and 21.72% had never been immunized at all, and 31.99% do not possess immunization card. ‘Mother too busy’ (19.83%), ‘fear of side effect’ and ‘not aware of the need for immunization’ were the most frequent reasons for failure to immunize children. The immunization status in BEA is very low compare with WHO expectation of 80% as at 2010. It is important to consider those socioeconomic and demographic variables that account for variations in immunization status if considerable improvement in immunization in BEA is to be achieved.
Determinants of routine immunization coverage in Bungudu, Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria, May 2010
Pan African Medical Journal, 2014
Introduction: Immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey of 2008 indicated that only 5.4% of children aged 12-23 months in Bungudu, Zamfara State were fully immunized. We conducted this study to identify the determinants of routine immunization coverage in this community. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. We sampled 450 children aged 12-23 months. We interviewed mothers of these children using structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on immunization, vaccination status of children and reasons for non-vaccination. We defined a fully immunized child as a child who had received one dose of BCG, three doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertusis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. We performed bivariate analysis and logistic regression using Epi-info software. Results: The mean age of mothers and children were 27 years (standard error (SE): 0.27 year) and 17 months (SE: 0.8 month) respectively. Seventy nine percent of mothers had no formal education while 84% did not possess satisfactory knowledge on immunization. Only 7.6% of children were fully immunized. Logistic regression showed that possessing satisfactory knowledge (Adjusted OR=18.4, 95% CI=3.6-94.7) and at least secondary education (Adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.2-10.6) were significantly correlated with full immunization. Conclusion: The major determinants of immunization coverage were maternal knowledge and educational status. Raising the level of maternal knowledge and increasing maternal literacy level are essential to improve immunization coverage in this community.
Pakistan Journal of Public Health
Background: The National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 revealed that, only 25% of the children had received all recommended vaccines and about 21% of children were unvaccinated which is far below World Health Organization (WHO) target of (80%). The objective of this study is to assess the complete immunization coverage and its determinants among children under 2 years in Arewa and Dandi LGA, North west, Nigeria. Methods: A cross -sectional community- based study was conducted in 2 Local Government Areas (LGA) in Kebbi State, North West Nigeria, during October 2016 to March 2017. Around 420 households were interviewed by trained data collectors on assessment of vaccination status of the children based on vaccination cards and mother's verbal reports. Descriptive statistics, Bivariate and multivariate logistics regression analyses were used to assess the factors associated with complete immunization status. Results: About 66.4% of children under 2 years were un-vaccina...
Determinants of Childhood Routine Immunization Coverage in Sokoto State, North West Nigeria
Scientific Research Journal
Routine immunization contributes significantly in the reduction of childhood mortality among children through vaccination against preventable diseases in Nigeria, (WH0,2017). This study seeks to assess the determinants of Childhood Routine Immunization coverage in Sokoto State. Findings from the research study indicates that routine immunization coverage is still very low in Sokoto State when compared with the national target of 80% coverage (RI Strategic Plan 2013-2015). Also, this research discovered that about half of the children in Sokoto State, Nigeria are partially or not immunized at all. This clearly indicates that about half of children born in Sokoto State have not received pentavalent vaccine by the time they reach their first birthday. The challenges of immunization coverage in Sokoto State is attributed to Mothers/Caregivers inability to take their child to the health facility, unaware of immunization schedule, unaware of immunization need, absence of vaccinators, forgetfulness, no need felt, fear of AEFI, unaware of place and time, no faith/belief in immunization, lack of vaccines at the health facilities. The study recommends that government should make an extra effort to sensitize caregivers and counseled them on the significance of taking their children to health facilities for vaccination.
BMC Public Health, 2016
Background: Routine immunisation (RI) contributes immensely to reduction in mortality from vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) among children. The Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, 2008 revealed that only 58 % of children in Osun State had received all recommended vaccines, which is far below World Health Organization (WHO) target of 80 %. We therefore, assessed RI uptake and its determinants among children in Atakumosa-west district of Osun State. Methods: Atakumosa-west district has an estimated population of 90,525 inhabitants. We enrolled 750 mothers of children aged 12-23 months in this cross-sectional study. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of mothers on RI, history of RI in children and factors associated with full RI uptake. A fully-immunised child was defined as a child who had received one dose of Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin, three doses of Oral-Polio-Vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertusis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. We tested for the association between immunisation uptake and its likely determinants using multivariable logistic regression at 0.05 level of significance and 95 % confidence Interval (CI). Results: Mean ± (SD) age of the mothers and children were 27.9 ± 6.1 years and 17.2 ± 4.0 months, respectively. About 94 % (703/750) of mothers had received antenatal care (ANC) and 63.3 % (475) of the children possessed vaccination cards. Seventy-six percent (571/750) had good knowledge of RI and VPD. About 58 % (275/475) of children who possessed vaccination card were fully-immunised. Mothers antenatal care attendance (aOR = 3.3, 95 % CI = 1.1-8.3), maternal tetanus toxoid immunisation (aOR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.1-10.0) access to immunisation information (aOR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.1-2.5) and mothers having good knowledge of immunisation (aOR = 2.4, 95 % CI = 1.6-3.8) were significant determinants of full immunisation. Conclusions: Routine immunisation uptake was still below WHO target in the study area. Encouraging mothers to attend antenatal care and educational interventions targeted at rural mothers are recommended to improve vaccination status of children in the rural communities.
2021
Background: Immunization services are cost-effective interventions which over the years have reduced underfive morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Despite the availability of this health care service, the immunization coverage is still unacceptably low in Nigeria. Objectives: This study aims to determine the proportion of respondents who are fully immunized and assess the factors associated with uptake of immunization in Gombe State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 152 mother-child pairs. The respondents were selected from Tumfure community using a multistage sampling technique. An intervieweradministered questionnaire was used to obtain information and data collected was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty-five percent of the respondents were between 25-34years while 48.7% of the children were between 12-24 months. Antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance was 96.7% and 92.8% of them had at least four visits for the index pregnancy. Majority (77%) of the children were fully immunized, 14% were partially immunized while 9% received zero immunization for all antigens. The respondents' educational status and ANC attendance for the index child were associated with having complete immunization (p-values 0.014 and 0.04 respectively). Furthermore, respondents who had more than 4 ANC visits for the index child were 4 times more likely to have fully immunized their children. The respondent's reasons for partial or non-immunization included distance to the health care facility and father's refusal to permit uptake of immunization. Conclusion: The proportion of respondents in this study who were fully immunized is high and women who had adequate ANC were four times more likely to have fully immunized children compared to those who didn't have adequate ANC. Therefore, interventions should be targeted at women to access adequate ANC services and male involvement should be encouraged during the provision of maternal and child health services.
2017
Background: The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) aims at delivering primary immunization services to at least 90% of infants. This study seeks to evaluate routine vaccination coverage using estimated and survey generated populations and also investigates the reasons for inadequate levels of routine vaccination coverage. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all 11,101 households spread across 111 communities in the 12 administrative wards of Orhionmwon LGA of Edo state in October 2016. Results: A total of 1209 children under the 0-11 month’s age bracket had been fully immunized. From this figure, 72.9% of the children had been fully immunized based on the actual population (1657) of children as discovered from this survey while 12.5% of the children in the same aforementioned age bracket had been fully immunized based on the projected target population (9625). Obstacles (40%), ‘lack of information (33%)’ and ‘lack of motivation (27%)’were the major reason why surve...
Individual and socioeconomic factors associated with childhood immunization coverage in Nigeria
The Pan African medical journal, 2017
Immunization is the world's most successful and cost-effective public health intervention as it prevents over 2 million deaths annually. However, over 2 million deaths still occur yearly from Vaccine preventable diseases, the majority of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is a major contributor of global childhood deaths from VPDs. Till date, Nigeria still has wild polio virus in circulation. The objective of this study was to identify the individual and socioeconomic factors associated with immunization coverage in Nigeria through a secondary dataset analysis of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2013. A quantitative analysis of the 2013 NDHS dataset was performed. Ethical approvals were obtained from Walden University IRB and the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria. The dataset was downloaded, validated for completeness and analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Of 27,571 children aged 0 to 59 months, 22.1% had ful...