Improving the Performance of a Pyramid-Shaped Solar Still (original) (raw)
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Experimental Analysis of Pyramidal Solar Still with Sponge as Absorber
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2017
The availability of drinking water is one of the most important requirements of the world. Desalination process through solar energy is a very useful process for converting impure water into drinking water. In the present article a pyramidal solar still (P designed and fabricated and its performance has been compared with a fabricated conventional solar still (CSS). Sponge as absorber is being used for enhancing the quantity of distillate. The absorber increases the surface area for evaporation and this, in turn, increases the distillate obtained. A comparison of performance was done. The results show that the maximum temperature of water in the basin of PSS was 47ºC at 2:30 P.M. and the maximum temperature of basin water of CSS was 43ºC at 2:30 P.M. Maximum temperature of PSS upper glass was 46°C, PSS inner glass temperature was 54°C and CSS glass temperature was 42°C. The maximum hourly productivity of PSS is 314.47% higher than CSS basin. Accumulated productivity of Pyramidal solar still (PSS) higher than the conventional solar still (CSS). Maximum accumulated distillate of PSS and CSS are 1480 ml and 278 ml, respectively, at 4:30 P.M. The optimum water input flow was 250 ml/hr.
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2023
This research work explored and compared the experimental performance of a solar still having novel octagonal-pyramid shape with a single slope solar still. It is found that the novel still provides twice distillation compared with conventional still. The experiments also evaluated the desalination productivity of octagonal-pyramid solar still by varying the depth of saline water inside the basin and angle of inclination of glass cover. It is observed that the optimum condition for high distillation is obtained when depth of water inside the basin is 5 cm with angle of inclination of glass cover which is 30°. Four types of water, i.e., underground borewell water, sea water, leather industry effluent, and plastic industry effluent were also used to see the effect on distillation. Results showed that underground borewell water provides high distillation due to low density. Furthermore, the performance of the octagonal-pyramid solar still is enhanced by adding different latent heat and sensible heat materials in the octagonal-pyramid solar still. Hence, the addition of brick to the octagonal-pyramid still yields the highest productivity compared to incorporation of paraffin wax. Hence, it can be concluded that the octagonal design of the solar still has shown an increased productivity when compared to a single slope solar still (conventional still) under all the conditions.
Improved Pyramid Solar Still for Solar Water Desalination – A Case Study
International Review of Mechanical Engineering (I.RE.M.E.), 2020
Solar energy is considered as an available source of huge amount of thermal energy with low cost and it is environmentally friendly. Seawater desalination is the main source of freshwater in many countries using different technologies. Seawater desalination using solar thermal energy with passive techniques is vital for arid areas that have shortage in electricity grids or any other sources of energy. In this study, an experimental investigation for a solar still with pyramidal cover in the environmental conditions of arid regions in Saudi Arabia has been conducted. The pyramid surfaces have been designed and directed so that one of the faces receives sunlight directly for a period, which helps in the process of evaporation faster, and the other interface is away from the rays so that the temperature is low to help in the process of condensation of steam. In addition, a seawater feeding system is designed to maintain a constant level of water height within the basin. The accumulated freshwater productivity along sun shining period of the day has reached 3230 gm and the instantaneous productivity takes place at the maximum irradiance period and it has reached 472 gm. The energy and the exergy analyses for the system have indicated that the energy and the exergy efficiencies of the system have reached a maximum of 60% and 5%, respectively. The over day energy and exergy efficiencies of the system have been 31.6% and 2.35%, respectively. The produced freshwater cost from the system has been found out to be 0.1 $/L/m2.
Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science
The most prominent factors that have a significant influence on the performance of solar distillation are the inclination angle of the solar still cover and the water depth within the still basin. This paper was investigated an experimental performance of a single solar still. Five single sloped solar stills were designed and fabricated to operate under Baghdad city weather condition during August 2016. The inner dimensions of each basin were 0.5x0.5 m. The glass covers were tilted at 20 o , 31 o , 45 o and 50 o with respect to the horizontal. The temperatures of the outer glass covers surfaces were measured. Also, this study presents an experimental investigation on the potable water collection amount with the water depths of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 cm into each still basin and the different glass lid inclination angles. The hourly amount of extracted drinkable water was monitored. The daily produced amounts of fresh water increased by reducing the tilt angle from 50 o to 20 o , and diminish of water depth in the basin from 7 cm to 1 cm. The highest total daily amount was 495 ml/day (~2 l/m 2 /day) for solar still with tilt angle of 20 o and water depth of 1 cm.
Experimental Measurements on the Effect of Solar Still Basin Height on its Performance
International Journal of Applied Energy Systems
Due to water scarcity crisis, many technologies are used to solve these problems, one of these technologies is a single basin solar still, which considers the simplest and cheapest technology. It uses for converting available salt or brackish water into potable water. This paper presents the experimental work conducted on conventional basin type Solar Still to investigate the effect of some design and operating parameters on the performance of the still. In this paper, two single basins are built to study the effect of the glass height from the basin bottom. All conditions of taking the experimental results are taken at the same time. The temperature of ambient, water, vapor and outlet glass are measured from 8.00 to 17.00 of day time every one hour. The productivity of the distilled water and solar intensity are measured as well. The study showed that the productivity increased by 60% per day when the gap distance between water surface and cover reduced from 26.0 cm to 6.0 cm measured from the front (south) wall of the solar still, or (from 37.0 cm to 17 cm measured from the center of glass cover) at the same angle 24° and 2 cm water depth.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of solar still with glass basin
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014
A single-slope solar still with a basin size of 1 × 1 × 0.2 m 3 has been fabricated with glass of 6 mm thickness. The glass basin consists of two compartments, upper and lower compartments. The lower compartment (heating zone) has glass strips and the upper compartment (evaporating zone) has a hole through which the water comes in from the lower compartment. The performance of the still is compared by placing ethylene glycol and zinc nitrate solutions and heat storage materials like sand and wax were kept in between the glass strips. Aluminum cubes and sponges were also made to float in the upper compartment. The results illustrate that the still with corrugated sheet was more productive. The theoretical evaluation was also made. Then the still was modeled using gambit and fluent for high and low solar intensities. Thermal analysis using fluent overlaps with the experimental and theoretical production rates.
Experimental Investigation Of The Performance Of Basin Type Single-Slope Solar Still
The supply of drinking water is a growing problem especially for developing countries. Solar stills have been considered as one of the viable options of converting brackish or dirty water into distil water. Basin water depth is one of the design and operating parameters that determines the performance of solar still. Therefore, three identical simple basin single slope solar stills A, B, and C were constructed and their performance was experimentally investigated under the same conditions at basin water depths of 5mm, 10mm and 20mm respectively. The distillate productivity, solar intensity, and the temperatures of the basin water, glass cover and the ambient of the three stills were measured and their relationships were investigated. The heat losses as well as the experimental and thermal efficiencies of the stills were estimated. The results reveal that still A demonstrates high performance followed by still B. This however indicates that the performance of a solar still is high at...
Comparative evaluation of rectangular and pyramid-shaped solar stills using saline water
International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2012
The long-term aim of this study is to develop low cost technology for the poor rural dwellers of Nigeria along the coastal areas. To this end, a comparative evaluation of two basin type passive solar stills was undertaken by distillation of salty water. The solar stills were rectangular-shaped and pyramid-shaped type. Both stills were made of the same material and of the same size. The top of the rectangularshaped type is sloped and inclined 22 o to the horizontal in the north-south direction. The temperature analysis of the systems show that during the day the rectangular-shaped still performed better giving a higher basin and subsequent higher saline water temperature with lower glazing temperature when compared to the pyramid-shaped with lower basin and saline water temperature but with higher glazing temperature. The rectangular-shaped solar still gave an average efficiency of 36.8% while the pyramidshaped type performed at 28.9% efficiency. Hence the rectangular-shaped solar still in comparison with the pyramid-shaped type is recommended for use to especially people living in coastal areas.
Influence of Various Basin Types on Performance of Passive Solar Still: A Review
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Passive solar still is the simplest design for distilling seawater by harnessing solar energy. Although it is undeniable that solar still is a promising device to provide an additional freshwater source for global increasing water demand, low thermal efficiency along with daily distillate yield are its major disadvantages. A conventional solar still can produced 2 to 5 L/m2day. Various studies have been carried out to improve passive solar stills in terms of daily productivity, thermal efficiency, and economic effectiveness. Most of the researches that relate to the daily output improvement of passive solar still concentrates on enhancing evaporation or/and condensation processes. While the condensation process is influenced by wind velocity and characteristics of the condensed surface, the evaporation process is mainly affected by the temperature of basin water. Different parameters affect the brackish water temperature such as solar radiation, design parameters (for example water ...
Effect of Depth of Water on the Performance of Stepped Type Solar Still
The research work carried out so far in the field of solar desalination is related to the single basin type solar still only. The effect of changes in design, climatic and operational parameters on the distillate yield has been studied but limited to the single basin type solar still. The increase in productivity by connecting a flat plate collector which is called as active solar desalination has also been studied but limited to the single basin type solar still. Present study deals with a stepped type solar still to improve the performance of single basin type solar still by increasing the production rate of distilled water. The modifications in the design of single basin type solar still are introduced by replacing the flat basin by a stepwise structure. The stepped type solar still selected in this case has 8 number of steps of size 620 mm(L) x 100 mm(W) and total absorber area equal to 0.5093 m 2 . The characteristic feature of stepped type solar still is that it provides an additional 40% absorber area as compared to the single basin type solar still.