Carbonate Content Reduction in Zinc Ore Concentrate (original) (raw)
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Extraction of a low grade zinc ore using gravity and froth flotation methods
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2017
Extraction of low grade zinc ore found in Gumau-Toro town was carried out using gravity and froth flotation methods. Analysis of the chemical composition reveals that the crude ore contains 20.20% Zinc and other related minerals such as 66.72% SiO2, 2.36%.Pb, 16.62%Fe, 0.001%Ag, these are impurities that hindered the grade of zinc in this ore from appreciating. Fractional and grain sieve size results revealed that the liberation size of the ore is at -355+250µm assaying 32.41%Zn. At this liberation sieve size, the low grade zinc ore was subjected to four different beneficiation methods using five kilograms (5kg) each as charge into Wilfley shaking Humphrey spiral concentrator, Air floating Machine and one kilogram (1kg) for froth flotation. Resulting products (concentrate and tailing) from these processes were analyzed using instrumentation method. Percentage recovery of each applied process was calculated. This was used to ascertain that the use of froth flotation that gives 74.32%Zn at a recovery of 84.62% stands out the best method for zinc extraction towards value addition to the low grade crude zinc ore. ©JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i4.1
Solvent Extraction in Zinc Production from a Primary Source: The Skorpion Zinc Experience
2005
The Skorpion Zinc refinery, Namibia, was successfully commissioned during 2003, and is approaching full production of 150 000 t/a of special high grade zinc (> 99.995 % Zn). The orebody presents unique challenges, containing fluorides and chlorides that cannot be processed via traditional extraction routes. The process flowsheet represents a radical departure from classical zinc refineries in the use of atmospheric leaching of the high-silica oxide ore, followed by solution purification by solvent extraction, and the electrowinning of zinc cathode. Solvent extraction has proven to be very effective in producing a high-purity electrolyte for the production of high purity zinc on a large scale. Impurities reporting to the leach liquor are reduced to mg/l or J O OHYHOV LQ WKH HOHFWURO\WH ZKLOH WKH ]LQF LV XSJUDGHG from 30 to 105 g/l. This technology has enabled Skorpion Zinc to produce special high grade zinc as a new branded product in the market. The main features of the process a...
Processing of Secondary Raw Materials by Hydrometallurgical Methods for the Recovery of Zinc
The publications of the MultiScience - XXX. MicroCAD International Scientific Conference, 2016
The main purpose of this research was to find a suitable, economical and simple way to recover mainly zinc from waste Zn-Mn batteries. The most feasible way can be leaching the soluble zinc content in diluted sulphuric acid after a proper physical separation of the raw material. The leachate however contains an equally high concentration of manganese, and the residual iron contentnot removed by magnetic separationgoes also into solution. Other significant impurities may be copper, nickel and cadmium, by experience. Electrolytic deposition of technically pure zinc is made possible by an efficient hydrolytic separation of iron at the end of the leaching step, followed by the oxidative precipitation of the manganese content. The practically neutral and pure zincsulphate solution can be utilized advantageously for electrowinning zinc. The procedure is still hardly economical, which shortcoming can be improved by the admixing of the easily available centrally stored electric arc furnace dust, containing comparable amounts of zinc, but very low concentration of other soluble metals. Experimental results have proved the viability of this combined processing, although complete recovery of the zinc content is not achieved from the added dust, which results in a basically zinc-ferrite type residue. It can be however recycled to ferrous metallurgy together with the manganese dioxide precipitate and the carbon-iron hydroxidemanganese dioxide containing residue from the battery waste leaching step. The other large scale source of secondary zinc is the electric arc furnace (EAF) dust, which is produced and stored at high quantities in a centralized manner. It is an interesting proposition to improve the availability of zinc by introducing the less soluble, but more accessible and less complex EAF dust into the processing scheme of the better leachable but more complex and less available Zn-Mn battery waste. The latter material represented a collected amount of 164 000 tons in 2003 in Europe consisting of ~30% Zn-carbon and ~60% Zn-Mn varieties [1].
Flotation of zinc oxide ore using cationic and cationic-anionic mixed collectors
Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii - Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Flotation of smithsonite coming from a cerussite flotation circuit was investigated using Armac C and Armac T as cationic collectors and their mixtures with potassium amyl xanthate (KAX) as an anionic collector. Under optimum condition using Armac T with sodium hexamethaphosphate as a de-pressant, a smithsonite concentrate with 42% Zn and 89.6% recovery is obtained while in the presence of sodium silicate depressant Armac C produces a concentrate containing 40.8% Zn with 92.5% recovery. However, Armac T acts a little more selectively than Armac C but their mixture with KAX act inversely. The KAX-Armac C mixed collector improves the Zn grade and recovery of the flotation concentrate while KAX-Armac T does not. At the mixture ratio of KAX - Armac C 2:1, the amine collector consump-tion is decreased and an optimal concentrate with 94% recovery and 43% Zn grade is obtained without any gangue depressant reagents.
2018
As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO2 dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the r...
Process Intensification of Zinc Oxide Leaching Process Using Sulphuric Acid
Proceedings of the World …, 2011
This study investigated methods of intensifying the leaching of zinc oxide ore using sulphuric acid for the improvement of zinc recovery. The factors that were investigated in this study were agitation speed, acid concentration and the feeding mechanism of reactants into the reactor (batch and semi-batch processes). Analysis of the elemental composition of the ore was performed using XRF prior to leaching and an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to determine the amount of zinc recovered. The results obtained, showed that increasing the acid concentration results in a significant increase zinc recovery. The highest recovery of 91.2% was obtained at 6% H 2 SO 4 concentration. Increasing the mixing speed form 140 rpm to 530 rpm increased the recovery by 4.5% while further increasing it to 730 rpm the recovery only increased by 1.0%. Thus, the increase in agitating speed from 530 to 730 rpm resulted in an insignificant increase in zinc recovery. Thus, it was concluded that agitation does not have a significant effect on Zn recovery above 530 rpm. The semi-batch process proved to be better than the batch process in terms of the amount of Zn recovered.
Investigation of zinc extraction from different leach residues by acid leaching
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2017
With different properties, zinc is one of the most important non-ferrous metals and it is used in various application areas, especially as an anti-corrosion agent. In Turkey, zinc production was based on zinc carbonate ores (ZnCO 3), at Ç inkur plant from establishment to 1997 due to high reserves of zinc carbonate. After that, zinc concentrate coming from Iran was used in this plant over the last two decades. Thus, two different leach residues called as Turkish leach residue (TLR) and Iranian leach residue (ILR) were accumulated more than one million ton in Ç inkur stock piles. In this study, it is aimed to investigate zinc recovery for each leach residue by use of sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and to compare the TLR and the ILR. Initially, detailed chemical, mineralogical and thermal analyses of these different leach residues were carried out. In order to investigate the effect of acid concentration and reaction duration on zinc recovery, leaching experiments were carried out at following conditions: 95°C, 100 g/L pulp density and 600 rpm stirring rate. According to the characterization results, the chemical compositions for both residues are nearly similar; however, experimental results show that zinc recovery per cent of the ILR was higher than that of TLR for all experimental durations and acid concentrations. This may be due to the presence of Zn-containing compounds in the both residues at different percentages.
Contribuição técnica para o Physical Separation'17, 2017
Pre-concentration consists of the preliminary discarding of a fraction of the mineral processing plant feed which contains little or none of the mineral of interest, reducing the mass to be processed in downstream operations (e.g. milling, concentration, and dewatering) as well as the capital and operational costs. In this context, this study investigates the performance of density and sensor separation techniques in the removal of the carbonatic gangue of a Brazilian zinc ore in size fractions typical of crusher products, using sink and float tests with heavy liquid media, jig stratification, and laboratory-scale ore-sorting tests using an x-ray transmission (XRT) sensor. The best results were obtained in the sink and float in heavy liquid and indicate the possibility of discarding 30% of the feed mass of the plant, removing over 50% of the carbonate while losing only 2% of the zinc. The ore sorting tests also presented positive results, with an average metallurgical recovery of 93% in 73% of the mass. The results indicate a significant potential reduction of Capex and Opex using these pre-concentration methods.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
Froth flotation of Arufu ore was carried out at varying particle sizes after characterization. Fifty (50) kilogram crude sample of the ore was sourced from Arufu zinc mine in Arufu town of Nassarawa state, Nigeria. The whole sample was crushed out of which five (5) kilogram was sampled out using random sampling method. One kilogram each of the resulting sample was then ground and sieved to three particle sizes viz; 63 µm, 90 µm and 125 µm. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of the sourced ore was carried out using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED –XRF). 250 grams of the 63 µm sample was charged into Froth flotation cell mixed with water at a ratio of 1:4 to form slurry. The Slurry formed was condition to a pH of 9, while other froth flotation reagents were added one after the other. This resulted in froth and depressed samples, which were dewatered after 24 hours and samples picked for compositional analysis. The procedure was repeated for 90 µm and ...
Leaching Recovery of Zinc, Cobalt and Manganese from Zinc Purification Residue
International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, 2007
This paper reports on the recovery of zinc, cobalt and manganese by two-step leaching of zinc-plants purification residue with sulfuric acid. The residue, hot filter press cake (HFC), contains 14 % ZnO, 4.8 % Co 3 O 4 and 22.9 % MnO. Effects of different parameters are determined and used to optimize the process. With acid to hot filter press cake (HFC) stoichiometry of 0.85, acid concentration of 30 g/L and temperature of 25ºC, it took two minutes to separate zinc from zinc plant residue. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) was used as an oxidation agent. The most suitable acid concentration for leaching of both cobalt and manganese was 50 g/L. Recovery of cobalt and manganese increased with peroxide concentration in the leaching solution.