Natural Disasters Management and the Challenge of Governability in Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Community based disaster management: Indonesian experience
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
Natural disasters are events that friendly to Indonesia. Every year natural disasters come in turns ranging from earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, floods, tornado, landslides, forest fires, social conflicts and so on and covering the entire territory of Indonesia. To deal with these disasters, the Government of Indonesia has developed community-based disaster management (CBDM). This paper intended to explain the implementation of community-based disaster management. The data used in this paper are secondary data onto several references. Between 1815 and 2014 (200 years) there was 13.172 times disaster happened and killed 291.427 people. In the last ten years, significant disasters were volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes, floods and social conflict. The CBDM in Indonesia is implemented by increasing the capacity of communities to prepare for and cope with a disaster by encouraging full participation of government, private and public. To institutionalize this effort, it has been developed disaster organization by local conditions; increase public knowledge and awareness and maintain the possibility of catastrophe caused by human activity. There was some limitation faced in implementation of CBDM such as lack of understanding of stakeholders due to lack of socialization, and lack of formal organization BNPB capacity in disaster management.
This paper examines local government capability in managing pre-, during and post-natural disaster in Indonesia. The case study is the Bantul local government which had experience in managing the 2006 earthquake. Bantul is located in the most densely populated area of Java, where 1,500 people per square km square, and the earthquake destroyed domestic industries that had become the main resource of the Bantul local government. The capability of local government and the requirement to manage a disaster are very important issues for exploring the important role of local government in mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery disaster management activities, particularly in regard to the characteristics of local government in developing countries. In this paper, capability of local government in managing a disaster is defined as a function of institutions, human resources, policy for effective implementation, financial, technical resources and leadership. The capability requirement of each stage of disaster management has also been explained from the point of view of state and non-state actors and institutions. Finally, the paper integrates the capability requirement and reality in order to bridge these gaps.
RESILIENT CITIES, VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES: DISASTER GOVERNANCE IN THE COASTAL CITIES IN INDONESIA
In book: International Handbook of Disaster Research, 2023
The government has always had role in disaster governance, including at the community level. The Indonesian government has also allocated responsibilities to the local governments in disaster governance mechanisms. The aim of this study is to explore the regulatory and institutional framework for disaster governance, which emphasizes arrangements between city government organizations and communities to address disaster vulnerability. This research was conducted in coastal cities that are prone to disasters in Indonesia: Bandar Lampung, Semarang and Makassar. The research method used is regulatory mapping (RegMAP), conducting discourse network analysis (DNA) and risk-based analysis based on threats, vulnerabilities and capacities. The results of the study found that (1) the framework for enforcing disaster governance rules in Indonesia is often contradictory. including the main issues in determining disaster status, budget allocation and regional cooperation, as well as strengthening the capacity of vulnerable communities. The regulatory framework needs to be reviewed to reduce the risk of flood disasters that often occur in the cities of Makassar, Semarang, and Bandar Lampung; (2) disaster management agency and development planning board are the front line to internalizing the disaster risk reduction agenda; and (3) need for strategic policies in disaster risk reduction that are integrated, climate inclusive; and have the adaptive capacity to address vulnerabilities at the community level.
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This research aimed to establish a mechanism of evolution of community protection, identify the support of facilities and infrastructure needed in facilitating the implementation of the tasks and functions of Linmas, especially in disaster management and formulate community protection institutions that are appropriate to the needs and capacities of the regions. The research method is carried out by a qualitative approach that is using focus group discussion (FGD) based on experience and perceptions of the benefits and impacts of the community protection unit’s guidance in West Java province. The results show that the community protection institutions are needed in improving the independence of the community in tackling any disaster that is faced by an organization in which at least have the ability and skills in the field: early prevention, peace, and orderly of safety fibre, health and psychologist and public and social work. The practical implication of this research is that the local government should empower the community protection unit through the regional work unit or related stakeholders in conducting training and facilitation of training and improving skills so that they can carry out their duties better
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The purpose of this study is to formulate the concept of strategy and formulation of disaster management policies in Indonesia, especially faced with the challenge of increasing trends in natural and non-natural disasters and the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with an emphasis on literature studies to examine several methods and experiences (lessons learned) in various implementations of disaster management policies in Indonesia. The result of the research is the need for strategies and policy formulation in each phase of a disaster (pre-disaster, emergency response, post-disaster) from various aspects of the disaster management system, namely legislation, planning, institutions, and funding. The proposed disaster management strategy and policy formulation refers to the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, namely (1) to protect the entire Indonesian nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia (reformulating adequate funding policies for each stage of disaster management); (2) promoting public welfare (reforming post-disaster policies with the principle of build back better, safer and sustainable); (3) educating the nation's life (reformulating the policy of mainstreaming or mainstreaming disaster risk reduction to all levels of society, through communication, education, and information as well as dedication); (4) participate in implementing world order based on freedom, eternal peace, and social justice (reformulating policies for cooperation, both domestically and internationally for disasters).
The Dynamics and Governance of Civil-Military Collaboration on Disaster Management in Indonesia
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This research aims to understand the collaboration between civilians and military in disaster management in Indonesia due at the ontological, epistemological, and axiological level. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative research based on collaborative governance theory and power theory. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results of this research is collaboration between civilians and military in disaster management have to be involved the related institutions on making regulations and should be conducted for making better regulation on disaster management. This finding support for improving policy and practice by providing relevant information to stakeholders related for making better regulation on collaboration in disaster management.