Thermoplastic polyurethanes for biomedical application: A synthetic, mechanical, antibacterial, and cytotoxic study (original) (raw)

Design of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Conferred Antibacterial, Mechanical, and Cytotoxic Properties for Catheter Application

ACS applied bio materials, 2022

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are proposed as suitable solution for the fabrication of biocompatible catheters with appropriate mechanical parameters and confirmed antibacterial and cytocompatible properties. For this purpose, a series of quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) and quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) based monomers were prepared followed by the determination of their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). A combination of the most active ammonium (QAS-C 14) and phosphonium (QPS-TOP) salts led to a MIC down to 2.4 μg/mL against S. aureus and 9 μg/mL against P. aeruginosa, corroborating the existence of a synergistic effect. These quaternary onium salt (QOS) units were successfully incorporated along the polymer chain, as part of a two-step synthesis approach. The resulting TPU-QOS materials were subsequently characterized through thermal, mechanical, and surface analyses. TPU-Mix (combining the most active QAS-C 14 and QPS-TOP units) showed the highest antibacterial efficiency, confirming the synergistic effect between both QOS groups. Finally, an MTT assay on the SiHa cell line revealed the low cytotoxicity level of these polymeric films, making these materials suitable for biomedical application. To go one step further in the preindustrialization approach, proof of concept regarding the catheter prototype fabrication based on TPU-QAS/QPS was validated by extrusion.

Antibacterial and non-hemolytic cationic polyurethanes with N-carboxymethyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium groups for bacteremia-control in biomedical-using materials

Materials Today Communications, 2019

The aim of this work was to develop new antibacterial and non-hemolytic materials based on cationic polyurethanes with quaternary ammonium units. Thus, bacteremia control in intrahospital environments can be carried out by active interface on biomedical devices. Tricomponent synthesis was used based on di-isocyanate, a polyol of low molecular weight and N-carboxymethyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride (CMtEACl). Several materials were obtained and characterized by different spectroscopic and thermal techniques, in addition, antibacterial and non-hemolytic properties were evaluated in order to evaluate the effectivity in the microbial control at surface level and compatibility with tissue by the evaluation of compatibility with blood. Manuscript is directed toward the following subjects: (1) ceramic, metallic, polymeric, and composite materials for medical applications, in particular, though antibacterial properties are a designed feature defined from synthesis stage, and (2) hemolytic properties of these cationic polyurethanes based on CMtEACl have not previously reported. Results shown that cationic these materials possess high antimicrobial activity in function of CMtEACl mole fraction and low hemolytic activity being a promissory alternative for the development of new coating for biomedical materials with capacity to inactivate microorganisms in medical procedures with high risk of bacteremia.

Polyurethane-Based Composites: Effects of Antibacterial Fillers on the Physical-Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

Polymers

The challenge to manufacture medical devices with specific antibacterial functions, and the growing demand for systems able to limit bacterial resistance growth, necessitates the development of new technologies which can be easily produced at an industrial level. The object of this work was the study and the development of silver, titanium dioxide, and chitosan composites for the realization and/or implementation of biomedical devices. Thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane was selected and used as matrix for the various antibacterial functions introduced during the processing phase (melt compounding). This strategy was employed to directly incorporate antimicrobial agents into the main constituent material of the devices themselves. With the exception of the composite filled with titanium dioxide, all of the other tested composites were shown to possess satisfactory mechanical properties. The best antibacterial effects were obtained with all the composites against Staphylococcus au...

An Insight into the Structural Diversity and Clinical Applicability of Polyurethanes in Biomedicine

Polymers

Due to their mechanical properties, ranging from flexible to hard materials, polyurethanes (PUs) have been widely used in many industrial and biomedical applications. PUs’ characteristics, along with their biocompatibility, make them successful biomaterials for short and medium-duration applications. The morphology of PUs includes two structural phases: hard and soft segments. Their high mechanical resistance featuresare determined by the hard segment, while the elastomeric behaviour is established by the soft segment. The most important biomedical applications of PUs include antibacterial surfaces and catheters, blood oxygenators, dialysis devices, stents, cardiac valves, vascular prostheses, bioadhesives/surgical dressings/pressure-sensitive adhesives, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds and electrospinning, nerve generation, pacemaker lead insulation and coatings for breast implants. The diversity of polyurethane properties, due to the ease of bulk and surface mod...

Development of bacterially resistant polyurethane for coating medical devices

Biomedical Materials, 2012

Polyurethanes have been widely used in medicine for coating and packaging implantable and other medical devices. Polyether-urethanes, in particular, have superior mechanical properties and are biocompatible, but in common with other medical materials they are susceptible to microbial film formation. In this study, polyether-urethane was end-capped with silver lactate and silver sulfadiazine functional groups to produce a bacterially resistant polymer without sacrificing the useful mechanical properties of the polyether-polyurethane. The silver ions were covalently incorporated into the polymer during chain extension of the prepolymer. The functionalized polymers were structurally characterized by light scattering, electron microscopy, NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, in vitro stability and antibacterial action of polymers were also investigated. Results indicate that both silver salts were successfully incorporated into the polymer structure without significant effect on mechanical properties, whilst conferring acceptable bacterial resistance.

Polyurethanes as biomedical materials

British Polymer Journal, 1990

Polyurethane films were prepared using diphenylmethanediisocyanate [MDI] or hexamethylenediisocyanate [HDI] and poly(propylene-ethy1ene) glycol, in order to test them as biomedical materials specifically for use as skin grafts. Other ingredients such as catalysts, chain extenders, solvents, etc., where not used in order to obtain medical purity.

Biomedical Polyurethane-Based Materials

Polyurethanes are one of the most versatile families of polymers. They can be prepared from a wide variety of materials exhibiting extremely different properties and therefore, a high variety of applications. This wide range of properties has attracted the attention of biomedical devices developers. They have been testing these polymers in several biomedical fields including pacemaker lead insulation, breast implants, heart valves, vascular prostheses and bioadhesives.Throughout this review, an overview of the synthesis and properties of polyurethanes, as well as some of their biomedical applications will be presented. Since the surface properties of a material are directly related to its performance in a biological environment, a description of some of the available methods for surface modification will be carried out.The surface characteristics of a material can be adapted to a specific application by surface modification techniques, without compromising the material bulk properti...

Synthesis and property of polyurethane elastomer for biomedical applications based on nonaromatic isocyanates, polyesters, and ethylene glycol

Colloid and Polymer Science, 2020

Polyurethane (PU) elastomers were synthesized by the reaction of HDI or IPDI diisocyanates and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL or poly(ethylene adipate) (PA) diols and ethylene glycol as a polymer chain extender. IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis were used for the structural analysis of the formed films. The molecular weight distribution was examined by GPC chromatography. Based on the measured contact angles, free surface energy parameters were calculated. The obtained results were analyzed for the possible use of these polyurethanes as biomaterials. The most promising in this respect was PU-3, which was synthesized from IPDI and PCL. This was due to its high molecular weight of approximately 90,000, the presence of a crystalline phase, and the relatively high hydrophobicity, with a SEP value below 25 mJ/m2. These films showed a good resistance to hydrolysis during incubation in Baxter physiological saline during 6 weeks. Both Gram-positive (Bacillus sp.) and Gram-negat...

Polyurethane Films with Antimicrobial Properties, Intended for the Development of Coatings Preventing Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections

International Polymer Science and Technology, 2013

An investigation was made of the production and properties of a system based on polyurethane of grade Elastollan 1154 D (BASF, West Germany) (PU) containing antiseptic chlorhexidine (1,6-di-(p-chlorophenyl-guanido)hexane) (CH), intended for the development of an antimicrobial coating for catheters. It was shown that the release of CH into water from PU films of 70 µm thickness occurs over a period of 70-190 h, depending on the quantity of CH introduced. The obtained data on the release of CH were correlated with data on the antimicrobial activity of films, assessed by the modified Kirby-Bauer test. For the series of obtained systems, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (golden staph) was retained for 15 days.