Gold/silver decorated magnetic nanostructures as theranostic agents: Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro study (original) (raw)
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Small hybrid nanoparticles composed of highly biocompatible Ag 2 S quantum dots (QD) emitting in the near-infrared region and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION) are produced in a simple extraction method utilizing ligand exchange mechanism. Hybrid nanoparticles luminesce at the same wavelength as the parent QD, therefore an array of hybrid nanoparticles with emission between 840 and 912 nm were easily produced. Such hybrid structures have (1) strong luminescence in the medical imaging window eliminating the autofluoresence of cells as effective optical probes, (2) strong magnetic response for magnetic targeting and (3) good cyto/hemocompatibility. An interesting size dependent cytotoxicity behavior was observed in HeLa and NIH/3T3 cell lines: smallest particles are internalized significantly more by both of the cell lines, yet showed almost no significant cytotoxicity in HeLa between 10 and 25 g/mL Ag concentration but were most toxic in NIH/3T3 cells. Cell internalization and hence the cytotoxicity enhanced when cells were incubated with the hybrid nanoparticles under magnetic field, especially with the hybrid nanoparticles containing larger amounts of SPION in the hybrid composition. These results prove them as effective optical imaging agents and magnetic delivery vehicles. Combined with the known advantages of SPIONs as a contrast agent in MRI, these particles are a step forward for new theranostics for multimode imaging and magnetic targeting.
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Scientific reports, 2018
High-quality, 25 nm octahedral-shaped FeO magnetite nanocrystals are epitaxially grown on 9 nm Au seed nanoparticles using a modified wet-chemical synthesis. These FeO-Au Janus nanoparticles exhibit bulk-like magnetic properties. Due to their high magnetization and octahedral shape, the hybrids show superior in vitro and in vivo T relaxivity for magnetic resonance imaging as compared to other types of FeO-Au hybrids and commercial contrast agents. The nanoparticles provide two functional surfaces for theranostic applications. For the first time, FeO-Au hybrids are conjugated with two fluorescent dyes or the combination of drug and dye allowing the simultaneous tracking of the nanoparticle vehicle and the drug cargo in vitro and in vivo. The delivery to tumors and payload release are demonstrated in real time by intravital microscopy. Replacing the dyes by cell-specific molecules and drugs makes the FeO-Au hybrids a unique all-in-one platform for theranostics.
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A versatile method for the introduction of cyano groups onto the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles has been developed. This protocol is based on the hydrolysis and the condensation of cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane (CES) on the magnetite surface. The optimal concentration of silane coupling agent was determined ([Fe]/[CN] ratio ¼ 0.4) in order to obtain an appropriate surface density of activating groups on the nanoparticles. The size distribution of the particles was also optimized by a magnetic size sorting procedure. An adequate surface with cyano groups could facilitates their use in biomedical applications by improving the cellular labeling and the cell targeting.
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2017
Biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) through smart chemical functionalization of their surface with fluorescent species, therapeutic proteins, antibiotics, and aptamers offer remarkable potential for diagnosis and therapy of disease sites at their initial stage of growth. Such NPs can be obtained by the creation of proper linkers between magnetic NP and fluorescent or drug probes. One of these linkers is gold, because it is chemically stable, nontoxic and capable to link various biomolecules. In this study, we present a way for a simple and reliable decoration the surface of magnetic NPs with gold quantum dots (QDs) containing more than 13.5% of Au +. Emphasis is put on the synthesis of magnetic NPs by co-precipitation using the amino acid methionine as NP growth-stabilizing agent capable to later reduce and attach gold species. The surface of these NPs can be further conjugated with targeting and chemotherapy agents, such as cancer stem cell-related antibodies and the anticancer drug doxorubicin, for early detection and improved treatment. In order to verify our findings, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of as-formed CoFe 2 O 4 NPs before and after decoration with gold QDs were applied.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Cancer-related mortality is a leading cause of death among both men and women around the world. Target-specific therapeutic drugs, early diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to reducing the mortality rate. One of the recent trends in modern medicine is "Theranostics," a combination of therapeutics and diagnosis. Extensive interest in magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been increasing due to their biocompatibility, superparamagnetism, less-toxicity, enhanced programmed cell death, and auto-phagocytosis on cancer cells. MNPs act as a multifunctional, noninvasive, ligand conjugated nano-imaging vehicle in targeted drug delivery and diagnosis. In this review, we primarily discuss the significance of the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and the most common method for synthesis of the smaller sized MNPs and their limitations. Next, the recent applications of MNPs in cancer therapy and theranostics are discussed, with certain preclinical and clinical experiments. The focus is on implementation and understanding of the mechanism of action of MNPs in cancer therapy through passive and active targeting drug delivery (magnetic drug targeting and targeting ligand conjugated MNPs). In addition, the theranostic application of MNPs with a dual and multimodal imaging system for early diagnosis and treatment of various cancer types including breast, cervical, glioblastoma, and lung cancer is reviewed. In the near future, the theranostic potential of MNPs with multimodality imaging techniques may enhance the acuity of personalized medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients.
Chemosphere, 2018
The adverse effect of gold-based nanoparticles is still an open question since it depends on several factors as shape, surface charge or route of administration. In this study, we investigated the influence of shape and human serum albumin (HSA) coating on the adverse effects of spherical (AuNP) and nanorods (AuNR) gold-based particles. F C3H (fibroblast) and HTC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines both from liver were exposed to 25, 75 and 125 µg.mL-1 , which correspond to 9 NP.mL-1. For in vivo studies, Wistar rats received these materials by oral administration in doses of 10 µg kg-1 or 40 µg kg-1. Systemic toxicity was verified after 24 h and 48 h by morphological analysis, blood parameters and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. Our results revealed that HSA corona does not influence totally the pathway of interactions between AuNP and AuNR. In vitro results evidenced that AuNP can decrease in at least 50% viability of F C3H and cell adhesion of HTC, but corona significantly overcomes these effects. No differences between shape or corona were observed in function of cell lines. In vivo studies showed that 40 µg kg-1 of AuNP-HSA caused an enhancement of the myeloperoxidase response indicating inflammatory processes. An increase from 40% to 80% on alkaline phosphatase levels were found for all groups. Our findings suggested that gold-based particles coated or not with HSA do not cause expressive adverse effects on in vitro or in vivo systems, and their oral administration cannot cause a systemic effect in the experimental conditions used here.