Implantable devices for optogenetic studies and stimulation of excitable tissue (original) (raw)
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Implantable Optrode Array for Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
Micromachines, 2021
During the last decade, optogenetics has become an essential tool for neuroscience research due to its unrivaled feature of cell-type-specific neuromodulation. There have been several technological advances in light delivery devices. Among them, the combination of optogenetics and electrophysiology provides an opportunity for facilitating optogenetic approaches. In this study, a novel design of an optrode array was proposed for realizing optical modulation and electrophysiological recording. A 4 × 4 optrode array and five-channel recording electrodes were assembled as a disposable part, while a reusable part comprised an LED (light-emitting diode) source and a power line. After the characterization of the intensity of the light delivered at the fiber tips, in vivo animal experiment was performed with transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin, showing the effectiveness of optical activation and neural recording.
Scientific reports, 2018
Optogenetic stimulation of the peripheral nervous system is a novel approach to motor control, somatosensory transduction, and pain processing. Various optical stimulation tools have been developed for optogenetic stimulation using optical fibers and light-emitting diodes positioned on the peripheral nerve. However, these tools require additional sensors to monitor the limb or muscle status. We present herein a novel optical nerve cuff electrode that uses a single cuff electrode to conduct to simultaneously monitor neural activity and optogenetic stimulation of the peripheral nerve. The proposed optical nerve cuff electrode is designed with a polydimethylsiloxane substrate, on which electrodes can be positioned to record neural activity. We confirm that the illumination intensity and the electrical properties of the optical nerve cuff electrode are suitable for optical stimulation with simultaneous neural activity monitoring in Thy1::ChR2 transgenic mice. With the proposed electrode...
Smart optrode for neural stimulation and sensing
2015
Implantable neuro-prosthetics considerable clinical benefit to a range of neur Optogenetics is a particular recent interest w radiance light for photo-activation of genetic cells. This can provide improved biocompat targeting over electrical stimuli. To date th delivery method in tissue for optogenetics has b which makes large scale multiplexing difficu approach is to incorporate optical micro-em implantable probes but this still requires elect In this work, we demonstrate a fully active op utilizing industry standard 0.35µm CMOS tech both light delivery and electrical recording. Th electronic circuits onto the device furth incorporate smart sensors to determine d explore long term viability during chronic imp Keywords-optogenetics; optrode; micro-L sensor; biomedical implant; biophotonics This work is sponsored by the Engineering an Council and the Wellcome Trust (www.cando.ac.uk). W thank the European Commission for the Erasmus M funded Dr Ahmed Soltan's PhD exchange program. Fi would like to thank the Chinese CSC scheme for funding
An Integrated μLED Optrode for Optogenetic Stimulation and Electrical Recording
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2000
In this letter, we developed an integrated neural probe prototype for optogenetic stimulation by microscale light-emitting diode (μLED) and simultaneous recording of neural activities with microelectrodes on a single-polyimide platform. Optogenetics stimulates in vivo neural circuits with high-cellular specificity achieved by genetic targeting and precise temporal resolution by interaction of light-gated ion channels with optical beam. In our newly developed optrode probe, during optogenetic stimulation of neurons, continuous sensing of neuronal activities in vicinity of the activation site can provide feedback to stimulation or examine local responses in signal pathways. In the device, focusing the light from the μLED was achieved with an integrated photo-polymerized lens. The efficacy of the optrode for cortical stimulation and recording was tested on mice visual cortex neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2. Stimulation intensity and frequency-dependent spiking activities of visual cortex were recorded. Our device has shown advantages over fiber-coupled laser-based optrode in terms of closed-loop integration, single-implant compactness and lower electrical power requirements, which would be clinically applicable for future prosthetic applications in personalized medicine.
Microfabrication And Characterisation Of Microelectrode Arrays For In Vivo Nerve Signal Recording
1995
The present work was performed in the framework of the ESPRIT-project "INTER" aimed at the development of an "intelligent" artificial interface between the living nerve system and electronic devices. The design, the fabrication, and the characterisation of regeneration-type microelectrode arrays for in vivo recording of nerve signals is described here. The impedance of the microelectrodes could be decreased by electrochemical platinisation. An equivalent circuit is proposed to describe the response behaviour of these electrodes after different preparation steps.
2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications (IMWS-BIO), 2013
In recent years, major developments in RF based power transmission systems have made a great impact in the progress of wirelessly powered implantable biomedical devices. In this paper, we present a multichannel and multi-wavelength optogenetic stimulator, suitable for chronic and acute implantation in freely moving rodents. Optogenetic stimulators provide a pathway for complex spatiotemporal control of photosensitized neurons in the brain. The design consists of an 8×8 micro light emitting diode array of equally spaced amber and blue LED pairs at alternate positions. The closely packed illumination structure facilitates light delivery at a high spatial (0.5mm) and temporal (0.1 ms) resolution. Low Frequency RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technique was used for both power delivery and communication with the onboard low power microcontroller via custom built Reader circuitry.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2001
A light-addressable microelectrode chip with 3600 TiN electrodes was fabricated. Amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) serves as a photo conductor. The electrodes on the chip are addressed by a laser spot and electrical properties of the system are determined. DC measurements show a dark to bright dynamic of 10 6 -10 7 . The AC impedance dynamic @ 1 kHz/100 mV and thus the signal-to-noise-ratio is determined to 60. This value is quite sufficient for electrophysiological measurements. For the first time, recordings from cardiac myocytes are reported using the principle of light-addressing. Measurements were done with a standard laser scan microscope (Zeiss LSM 410).
Micro-LED Array-Based Photo-Stimulation Devices for Optogenetics in Rat and Macaque Monkey Brains
IEEE Access, 2021
Optogenetics is a powerful tool for controlling biological functions using light. Optical fibers have been extensively utilized in optical stimulation devices for optogenetics. However, the use of optical fibers results in a small photo-stimulation region. In this study, micro-LED array devices were developed to achieve large-area photo-stimulation in the brain of a large animal, such as macaque monkeys. Planar and linear micro-LED array devices were designed and fabricated to photo-stimulate the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain and induce a neurochemical response. Device operation, optical intensity, and safety were first characterized using rats. Subsequently, the devices were used to photostimulate the brain of macaque monkeys. In addition, microdialysis in the PFC was performed. The devices detected modulated levels of dopamine in the brains. Thus, the photo-stimulation of both the PFC and VTA were successfully achieved, and the effectiveness of the developed micro-LED array devices was demonstrated. The study will help facilitate further studies on micro-LED array stimulation for system-wide optogenetic manipulation in large animals.
Journal of Neural Engineering, 2013
Objective. Optogenetics promises exciting neuroscience research by offering optical stimulation of neurons with unprecedented temporal resolution, cell-type specificity and the ability to excite as well as to silence neurons. This work provides the technical solution to deliver light to local neurons and record neural potentials, facilitating local circuit analysis and bridging the gap between optogenetics and neurophysiology research. Approach. We have designed and obtained the first in vivo validation of a neural probe with monolithically integrated electrodes and waveguide. High spatial precision enables optical excitation of targeted neurons with minimal power and recording of single-units in dense cortical and subcortical regions. Main results. The total coupling and transmission loss through the dielectric waveguide at 473 nm was 10.5 ± 1.9 dB, corresponding to an average output intensity of 9400 mW mm −2 when coupled to a 7 mW optical fiber. Spontaneous field potentials and spiking activities of multiple Channelrhodopsin-2 expressing neurons were recorded in the hippocampus CA1 region of an anesthetized rat. Blue light stimulation at intensity of 51 mW mm −2 induced robust spiking activities in the physiologically identified local populations. Significance. This minimally invasive, complete monolithic integration provides unmatched spatial precision and scalability for future optogenetics studies at deep brain regions with high neuronal density.