Essays on the history of Russian and Ukrainian physiology of the 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries (original) (raw)
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Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2019
Modern research in Polish physiology began on a larger scale in the second half of the nineteenth century. The academic city of Cracow and the professors of physiology employed at the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University played a pivotal role. Among the most eminent were Gustaw Piotrowski (1833 - 1884) and his outstanding successor in the Chair of Physiology - Napoleon Cybulski (1854 - 1919) who was a world-class researcher and a pioneer in the field of electroencephalography and endocrinology. In the following years the Chair was headed by Ernest Maydell (1878 - 1930) and Jerzy Kaulbersz (1891 - 1986). Kaulbersz's achievements were particularly important. A large part of his work concerned physiology of digestion and research into changes in the human body in alpine conditions. Kaulbersz remained in the Chair of Physiology of the Jagiellonian University after World War II.
Medical Physiology as a Walk of Life -Past, Current, and Future Prospective: An Insight
International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology (IJCRPP), 2020
In exploring the epitome of Physiology, we come across a multitude of disciplines. The history of human Physiology can be traced back to 435 BC. Now, Physiology has become an integral part of our life. Physiology and Medicine are like two faces of the same coin. While swimming through the ocean of Physiology we discover many natal systems. Physiology forms the ground on which the study of Medicine works like our laptop. Forming substratum in the arch of medical and surgical knowledge, Physiology is gaining vanity. The relevance of Physiological ideas is just like the cherry on the cake. This review is a general topic of interest and discusses the history of Physiology and the importance of Physiology beyond academics in the epoch of translational research.
2020
Background: Undoubtedly, the research studies have played both a decisive and edifying role in the emergence and development of Physiology as a separate science. The research and particularly, the experimental studies, were the milestones for the development of physiology as a distinct science and discipline, used in both general and specific biological and medical education. Physiology is an important and permanent source of research and modeling methods of vital processes among the fundamental and preclinical medical and biological sciences, such as pathophysiology and pharmacology. This short essay does not claim to comprehensively describe the development of physiological research studies within Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy over 75 years since the university foundation. However, this present chronological presentation with elements of analysis provides historical and current data on the researchers and their research papers, while working as collaborators within the Department of Physiology at our university. Conclusions: This historical review brings conclusive evidence upon the research work conducted by the academic staff and their study results, since the foundation of the Department of Physiology, which have greatly reflected the international research trends in the field of physiological sciences. Current physiological research studies, conducted at the Department of Physiology, are aimed at studying the physiological markers and predictors of different diseases, involving cardiovascular and respiratory systems by means of psychophysiology.
Ivane Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff): A Major Georgian Figure from the Russian Physiological School
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2012
This article is dedicated to one of the outstanding scientists of the nineteenth century: Ivane Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff), a Russian physiologist of Georgian origin who graduated from the St. Petersburg Medico-Surgical Academy and worked under the supervision of the founder of Russian physiology, Ivan Sechenov. Among his numerous contributions was the discovery of the skin galvanic reflex; however, Tarkhnishvili's most significant contribution was the discovery of the influence of X-rays on the central nervous system, animal behavior, the heart and circulation, and embryonic development. Indeed, these works have given rise to a new field in science (radiobiology).
Nikolai Konstantinovich Kulchitsky (1856-1925). , 2009
Nikolai Kulchitsky is best remembered for his identification of the Kulchitsky (enterochromaffin) cell. His life spanned a teaching and scientific career at Kharkov University, employment as the Imperial Minister of Education for all Russia, work in a soap factory and flight from the Russian Revolution to London, and a position at the University College with Elliot Smith. His subsequent contributions to the anatomic delineation of dual nerve-endings in the muscle were highly regarded, although his identification of the enterochromaffin cell (1897) remains his enduring scientific legacy. The observation of a cardinal neuroendocrine cell of the gut formed the basis for the subsequent delineation of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and provided the cellular framework on which the discipline of gut neuroendocrinology would be established. Kulchitsky's mysterious demise in a bizarre lift-shaft accident at UCL on his 69th birthday tragically terminated a life of service to science.
Polish thread in the history of circulatory physiology
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2006
A review of the most outstanding achievements in physiology of circulation done by scientists and physicians from Poland and evaluation of their contribution to the world knowledge in this matter is presented in the paper. The authors associate the beginnings of the Polish history of studying heart and its diseases with the brilliant physician from the XIV(th) century - Thomas of Wrocław, and then in the XVI(th) century, with the most eminent physician of Polish Renaissance, the expert on pulse, Joseph Struś. The attempts to address the issues related to the circulatory system over historical period of early ages, through baroque and the blooming period in medicine of the XIX(th), up to our times, were presented. The memories of the exceptional and the more or less known in the world cardiologic ancestors, associated with Poland, were recalled, such as: Adam.Ch. Thebesius, Robert Remak, Edward Korczyński, Oscar Widmann, Napoleon Cybulski, Joseph Pawiński, Andrew Klisiecki, Adolph Be...
Archivos de cardiolog�a de M�xico (English ed Internet), 2020
The Physiology Department has played an important role in the development of physiology in Mexico since its beginnings. It was founded by Dr. Arturo Rosenblueth in 1947. Many of the original researchers participated in the formation of the Mexican Society of Physiological Sciences. Researchers belonging to this department have given origin to an important national research center (CINVESTAV) and to numerous groups and departments within the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología such as the Valves department in the basement of the main building of the institute, the department of molecular biology situated in the Anexo de Investigación, and a laboratory in the translational medicine unit. The physiology department has importantly contributed to the development of research in the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología.
Living History of Physiology: Carl Gans
AJP: Advances in Physiology Education, 2006
In 2005, The American Physiological Society initiated The Living History of Physiology Project to recognize senior members who have made extraordinary contributions during their career to the advancement of the discipline and profession of physiology. Each Eminent Physiologist will be interviewed for archival purposes, and the video tape will be available from the American Physiological Society Headquarters. In addition, a biographical profile of the recipient will be published in Advances in Physiology Education.
Ivan Djaja (Jean Giaja) and the Belgrade School of Physiology
Physiological Research, 2011
The founder of physiology studies in the Balkans and the pioneer of research on hypothermia, Ivan Djaja (Jean Giaja) was born 1884 in L’Havre. Giaja gained his PhD at the Sorbonne in 1909. In 1910 he established the first Chair of Physiology in the Balkans and organized the first Serbian Institute for Physiology at the School of Philosophy of the University of Belgrade. He led this Institute for more than 40 subsequent years. His most notable papers were in the field of thermoregulation and bioenergetics. Djaja became member of the Serbian and Croatian academies of science and doctor honoris causa of Sorbonne. In 1952 for the seminal work on the behavior of deep cooled warm blooded animals he became associate member of the National Medical Academy in Paris. In 1955 the French Academy of Sciences elected him as associate member in place of deceased Sir Alexander Fleming. Djaja died in 1957 during a congress held in his honor. He left more than 200 scientific and other papers and the ...