Bacterial Fish Diseases Environmental and Economic Constraints (original) (raw)
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Diseased fish in the freshwater trade: from retailers to private aquarists
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Millions of fish are transported between countries annually for the aquarium trade, yet no quantitative study has examined how disease frequency differs among species and stakeholders. Here we visually inspected freshwater fish species in 12 specialised and non-specialised aquarium retailers in Spain for the presence of diseased fish in 2015 and in 2016. This information was complemented with disease records from 3 internet fora (>100 000 users) and pathogen identification at a retailer. Overall, 22 fish species out of the 312 recorded were reported diseased, with species of Poeciliidae accounting for most records. Ichthyophthirius, dropsy, bacterial and monogenean infections were the most common diseases, but disease frequency differed amongst retailers and private aquarists. Although only 11 fish species at retailers were deemed unhealthy, they were popular species amongst aquarists. We encourage improved management of fish stocks, and more education campaigns to promote fish welfare and avoid misdiagnosis in the Spanish aquarium hobby.
Infectious Diseases Affect Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture Economics
Annual Review of Marine Science, 2015
Seafood is a growing part of the economy, but its economic value is diminished by marine diseases. Infectious diseases are common in the ocean, and here we tabulate 67 examples that can reduce commercial species' growth and survivorship or decrease seafood quality. These impacts seem most problematic in the stressful and crowded conditions of aquaculture, which increasingly dominates seafood production as wild fishery production plateaus. For instance, marine diseases of farmed oysters, shrimp, abalone, and various fishes, particularly Atlantic salmon, cost billions of dollars each year. In comparison, it is often difficult to accurately estimate disease impacts on wild populations, especially those of pelagic and subtidal species. Farmed species often receive infectious diseases from wild species and can, in turn, export infectious agents to wild species. However, the impact of disease export on wild fisheries is controversial because there are few quantitative data demonstrating that wild species near farms suffer more from infectious diseases than those in other areas. The movement of exotic infectious agents to new areas continues to be the greatest concern. 471 Annu. Rev. Marine. Sci. 2015.7:471-496. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -Santa Barbara on 01/07/15. For personal use only.
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The key to effective fish farming is good water quality. By diluting collected water and harmful products, an adequate water supply can solve many difficulties linked with intensive fish rearing. Poor water quality can induce illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in some cases. A disease is frequently initiated by uncomfortable environmental variables (stressors). Overcrowding of a fish increases the possibility of an initial encounter between a parasite and a fish, as well as the infection spreading quickly throughout a group of fish. Stress is a major factor in the spread of many protozoan infections.
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Veterinary research, 1995
This paper describes a study of the risk factors associated with disease outbreaks in fish species of fish farms and rivers of north-east Spain. We focused our work on the isolation of fish pathogens (bacteria, virus), the water quality (physicochemical and microbiological quality) and management characteristics. We have observed 2 important viral diseases, infectious pancreatic necrosis and spring viraemia of carp, and 2 important bacterial ones, furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida) and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) (Renibacterium salmoninarum). Our preliminary results show that there are some potential risk factors associated with the main diseases of fish, such as fish age, fish species, production system, season and water temperature, but their role depends on the disease.
Influence of fish health management: Bases, procedures and economic implications
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-producing sectors, providing an acceptable supplement to and substitute for wild fish. During the past years the total production of cultured finfish and shellfish have increased in production quantity and value. Global aquaculture production is estimated at nearly 10 million metric tons annually, and it contributes more 12% of the total consumed fish and shellfish (Pérez and Rodríguez, 1997). In general, although the global contribution of aquaculture by quantity to total world aquatic production, the relative importance of aquaculture to national aquatic production varies greatly. Regional, cultural and historic attributes have influenced both the production base and rate of expansion of aquaculture. The historic tradition of growing fish in Asia has played a significant role in maintaining its dominant position. In Europe, the aquaculture production has significantly increased both in production quantity and value during the last yea...
Information on regional pattern of outbreak of fish diseases in commercial fish farm is important in ensuring formulation of the right policies aimed at ensuring minimal losses in the aquaculture sector. A twelve month survey (January to December 2012) of outbreaks of bacterial diseases from fish farms in south west Nigeria was done, using data from cases received at the Veterinary diagnostic laboratory of Animal Care services konsult (Nig.) Ltd. Out of 141 bacterial disease outbreaks in catfishes, 19 were of Heterobranchus bidorsalis while 122 were of Clarias gariepinus. Staphylococcus aureus and other species of Staphylococcus were responsible for 31.2% of the outbreaks. Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp and Klebsiella oxytoca were completely resistant to Oxytetracycline, while the highest level of susceptibility to Enrofloxacin was 83.3% amongst Aeromonas isolates and that of Streptomycin was 78.57% with Bacillus spp. Formulation of national policies on health of aquatic animals of high economic value will depend strongly on feedbacks from data obtained on the field.
Fish: a potential source of bacterial pathogens for human beings 
Veterinární Medicína
Human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common and depend on the season, patients’ contact with fish and related environment, dietary habits and the immune system status of the exposed individual. They are often bacterial species facultatively pathogenic for both fish and human beings and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease. The infection source may be fish kept for both for food and as a hobby. Human infections and intoxications with the following bacteria have been recorded: Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, Delftia acidovorans, Edwardsiella tarda, Legionella pneumophila, and Pl...
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Dis Aquat Org
Millions of fish are transported between countries annually for the aquarium trade, yet no quantitative study has examined how disease frequency differs among species and stakeholders. Here we visually inspected freshwater fish species in 12 specialised and non-specialised aquarium retailers in Spain for the presence of diseased fish in 2015 and in 2016. This information was complemented with disease records from 3 internet fora (>100 000 users) and pathogen identification at a retailer. Overall, 22 fish species out of the 312 recorded were reported diseased, with species of Poeciliidae accounting for most records. Ichthyophthirius, dropsy, bacterial and monogenean infections were the most common diseases, but disease frequency differed amongst retailers and private aquarists. Although only 11 fish species at retailers were deemed unhealthy, they were popular species amongst aquarists. We encourage improved management of fish stocks, and more education campaigns to promote fish welfare and avoid misdiagnosis in the Spanish aquarium hobby.
Expert consultation on risk factors for introduction of infectious pathogens into fish farms
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2014
An expert consultation was conducted to provide quantitative parameters required to inform risk-based surveillance of aquaculture holdings for selected infectious hazards. The hazards were four fish diseases endemic in some or several European countries: infectious salmon anaemia (ISA), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN), and koi herpes virus disease (KHD). Experts were asked to provide estimates for the relative importance of 5 risk themes for the hazard to be introduced into and infect susceptible fish at the destination. The 5 risk themes were: (1) live fish and egg movements; (2) exposure via water; (3) on-site processing; (4) short distance mechanical transmission and (5) distance independent mechanical transmission. The experts also provided parameter estimates for hazard transmission pathways within the themes. The expert consultation was undertaken in a 2 step approach: an online survey followed by an expert consultation meeting. The expert opinion indicated that live fish movements and exposure via water were the major relevant risk themes. Experts were recruited from several European countries and thus covered a range of farming systems. Therefore, the outputs from the expert consultation have relevance for the European context. Crown
Fish: a potential source of bacterial pathogens for human beings
Veterinární medicína, 2012
Human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common and depend on the season, patients’ contact with fish and related environment, dietary habits and the immune system status of the exposed individual. They are often bacterial species facultatively pathogenic for both fish and human beings and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease. The infection source may be fish kept for both for food and as a hobby. Human infections and intoxications with the following bacteria have been recorded: Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, Delftia acidovorans, Edwardsiella tarda, Legionella pneumophila, and Plesiomonas shigelloides. Fish ti...