8. Conclusions (original) (raw)
2015, The Integration of Descendants of Migrants from Turkey in Stockholm
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The Swedish TIES project findings reveal that descendants of migrants from Turkey face significant exclusion and discrimination, particularly in educational and labor contexts, mirroring trends of segregation and social stigma. The report posits that despite achieving similar educational qualifications to their native-born peers, these individuals experience subordinate inclusion, which hinders their social mobility and overall acceptance. Limitations of the study include a focus on a specific migrant group and the need for longitudinal data to fully understand integration dynamics.
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The Integration of Descendants of Migrants from Turkey in Stockholm: The TIES Study in Sweden
2015
This survey and book is the product of cooperation between researchers at the Centre for Research in International Migration and Ethnic Relations at Stockholm University (CEIFO). We are indebted to our international colleagues within the TIES research network for their collaboration at all stages of the research process: formulating research questions, devising the questionnaire, analysing data and commenting on draft versions of the report. This fruitful cooperation has led to new and exciting research questions concerning the social inclusion of the descendants of migrants. Colleagues at CEIFO participated actively at different stages of the process. We would like to thank Professor Orlando Mella and Dr. Ebba Hedlund for their input during the early stages of the process. Dr. Ali Osman was involved at the later stage of analysis and we would also like to thank him for his contribution. While writing this book, the authors of the different chapters benefited from the knowledge and assistance of senior researchers at CEIFO. We would particularly like to thank Professor Erik Olsson and Professor Per Lundborg for their invaluable critique and suggestions with regard to the various chapters in this book. Our very special thanks go to Associate Professor Lena Schröder, who participated as an external member of the research team and wrote a chapter for the book. The project was financed by The Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, for whose support we sincerely express our deep gratitude.
Incorporation of children of immigrants: the case of descendants of immigrants from Turkey in Sweden
Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2013
This paper investigates incorporation of the children immigrants from Turkey in Sweden through an examination of the educational achievements and labour market outcomes of this group in comparison with the performance of the offspring of nativeborn parents. The aim of the study is to explore whether we can observe a tendency towards 'downward mobility' among young people of immigrant background in Sweden and thereby provide reflections on the existing formulation of the 'segmented assimilation' theory. Findings show that descendants of immigrants seem not to be in the process of downward assimilation, i.e. social exclusion and therefore formation of a distinct 'underclass' in Sweden. The concept of 'subordinate inclusion' is a more appropriate description of the experiences of children of immigrants.
International Migration Review
The paper compares the social mobility and status attainment of first and second-generation Turkish migrants with those of natives in nine European destination countries and with Turks in Turkey. The widely used assimilationist approach is complemented by a focus on the benefits (and limitations) of migration, not only in terms of average achievements with respect to those left behind, but also in terms of the possibilities for social mobility. Based on a combined dataset from the European Social Survey (2002-2010) and the European Values Study (2008), the study shows that the children of low class Turkish migrants are more likely to acquire a higher education than their counterparts in Turkey, making them more educationally mobile. Moreover, they are able to use this education in the Western European labour market, an improvement over the first generation Turks. When comparing labour market outcomes of second generation Turks with respect to Turks in Turkey, the results show that t...
SWP Research Paper, 2019
Since the presidential elections in 2014, Turkish voters abroad have cast their votes in three parliamentary elections, one presidential election, and one referendum. The relatively higher vote share that the Justice and Devel-opment Party (AKP) and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan garnered in Ger-many and other European states with large Turkish immigration levels, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Austria, has remained a cause for concern to politicians and the public in these countries. Especially in Germany, the dominant premise in the public debate has been that voting in favor of the AKP and Erdoğan is a sign of “loyalty to Turkey” and an absence of a com-mitment to democratic values and norms. The broad appeal that the AKP and Erdoğan have among migrants from Turkey and their children has both a material and an emotional basis. Socio-economic changes and perceived improvements in the quality of state institutions, both within Turkey and Germany, seem to have created a positive image of the party. In addition, a strong sense of pride arising out of the perception of a “strong Turkey” under the leadership of President Erdoğan seems to drive electoral support. Finally, a fear of losing social and political gains also facilitates electoral support for the AKP. Given that the interest of the Turkish government in the migrant popula-tion is driven by its foreign- and domestic-policy ambitions, it is likely to continue in the future with a strong identitarian focus. Moreover, Turkey’s deepening economic crisis is also likely to accentuate the need for economic remittances. It is vitally important to differentiate between the Turkish government’s systematic efforts to instrumentalize migrants and their foreign-born children toward its domestic- and foreign-policy ends and the demands of migrants for political representation and equal recognition.
1997- CLASS, ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY FORMATION: IMMIGRANTS FROM TURKEY IN LONDON
Abstract To study international migration and its result is not a new discussion area but the way and the purpose of the discussion has been changed gradually. Today, more than ever before, vast number of migrants and especially asylum-seekers are seeking to leave their countries and gain entry to the Western countries. Nowadays it is not sensible to see this population movement as a temporary one which might have unimportant effect on host societies. It is in many cases, large enough to have significant effects on the size, composition and distribution of the populations in both sending and receiving countries. In the process of discussion of multiculturalism supra-national states or unified states the immigrant and their process of community formation as the result of emergent identities can not be easily disregarded. The process of identity formation both involves reproduction and resistance of cultural forms. In the external migration context individuals are confronted with many dimensions of social life which are different from their old environment. This paper will focus on aspects of social life of the immigrants and the process of reproduction of new cultural forms and resistance to the old cultural forms. In other words to analyze which identities are becoming more important and stronger and which are becoming weaker. This evaluation will be done by giving attention to the internal diversification of the immigrants.
Research Article, 2022
Beginning in the 1960’s, Denmark recruited Turkish guest workers. Today, the Turkish minority is Denmark’s largest minority group from non-western countries. This article examines the social challenges of the Turkish minority in Denmark from 1970 to 2021, and their integration during this period. This study uses several methods to obtain insight into the integration process of Turkish immigrants over three generations in Denmark and the challenges they faced and continue to face. In addition to the source criticism and a comprehensive literature review, this study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to understand Turkish immigrants’ immigration processes. Qualitative and quantitative analysis in the field of Danish historical research, specifically the area concerning the Turkish minority are not adequately covered by the existing literature. This study finds that all three generations of the Turkish minority in Denmark experienced social challenges in several areas that are related to each other, and these social challenges have an effect on their integration status. Some social challenges have decreased over generations but specifically discrimination and racism have not.
2019
Research commonly compares the educational outcomes of migrants and the second generation to their native peers in destination countries, often finding the former groups lagging behind in education. Their outcomes are rarely compared to their non-migrant peers in the origin countries. The objective of this study was to explore how the Turkish migrants and their descendants in Europe compare to their non-migrant comparators in Turkey in terms of educational attainment. Does migration bring educational benefits for migrants and their offspring? Furthermore, this research comparatively examines the intergenerational transmission of education to determine whether migrant individuals are better off than their parents and grandparents. This research employs the novel 2000 Families dataset which includes the children and grandchildren of the pioneer Turkish labour migrant men who moved to Europe between 1962-1974 from five high sending regions in Turkey. It compares the educational attainment of these family members to non-migrants from the same regions. This research shows that migrants and their descendants in Europe obtain higher education than their non-migrant peers in Turkey. While both men and women experience educational benefits from migration, women's gains are higher. Another salient finding is that Turkishorigin parents in Europe are less able to pass on their socioeconomic resources to their children than their counterparts in Turkey. Our findings show that migration benefits men and especially women's educational attainment. These findings might inform the perspectives and attitudes of policy-makers and the public towards migrants and migration.
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