Management of chilli anthracnose by botanicals fungicides caused by Colletotrichum capsici (original) (raw)
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The effect of six fungicides and five plant extracts was tested against Anthracnose disease of chilli during winter season (2006-2007) at the laboratory and at the Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The highest seed germination (80%) was obtained from ginger extract and neem leaf extract treated seeds in the laboratory, while the germination was 78.8% and 74.0%, respectively in the field. The efficacy of the treatments varied significantly in terms of disease incidence, disease severity and yield of chilli. Tilt 250 EC (T6), Proud 250 EC (T4), Cupravit 50 WP (T2) and Allamanda leaf extract (T¬9) showed promising effect against the disease. Application of Tilt 250 EC increased fruit yield of chilli by 195.9% followed by Proud 250 EC (177.5%) and Bavistin 50 WP (159.5%). Cost-benefit analysis showed that the application of Tilt 250 EC (T6) gave the highest BCR (4.07) followed by Proud 250 EC (3.68), Bavistin 50 WP (3.47), Allamanda leaf extract (3.16) and Dithane M- 45 (2.95¬ ).
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018
Chilli is found to be comprised of many plant derived chemical compounds that promote health. Anthracnose of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby, is one of the major and devastating diseases of chilli causes severe losses (10-60%) both in yield and quality of the chilli depending upon the varieties. Management strategies for this disease include use of disease free seed, resistant/tolerant cultivars and fungicidal sprays. Chemicals are the most common and practical method to control anthracnose disease. However, fungicide tolerance often arises quickly, if a single compound is relied upon too heavily (Staub, 1991). Fungicides are gaining importance in crop protection in view of their selective properties, low cost and safety to ecosystem. Many fungicides as a chemical have been identified to be effective in the control of plant diseases. Keeping in mind that the anthracnose of chilli, is one of the major and devastating diseases of ch...
Anthracnose of chilli is one of most important disease causing great economic loss. Anthracnose may cause yield losses up to 50 per cent. There is varied range of chemical fungicides available in the market for controlling this pathogen, viz. Colletotrichum capsici, but the extent of inhibition varies with different fungicides. Five fungicides viz. Kasugamycin (Kasu B 3%SL), Pyraclostrobin + Metaram (Carbrio Top 60%WG), Azoxystrobin (Onestar 23%SC), Fusilazole (Cursor 40%EC) and Carbendazim (Dhanustin 50%WP) were assayed for their efficacy against Colletotrichum capsici by Poison food technique. These fungicides were prepared at two concentrations viz. 250 ppm and 500 ppm concentration, evaluated for their toxicity against Colletotrichum capsici under in vitro condition using poisoned food technique. Under in vitro condition, all the fungicides which were tested against the growth of the fungus Colletotrichum capsici proved to be effective. Carbrio Top 60% WG was found highly effective with mycelia growth inhibition (72.66%) followed by (Azoxystrobin) Onestar 23%SC, (Fusilazole) Cursor 40%EC, (Carbendazim) Dhanustin 50%WP and (Kasugamycin) Kasu B 3%SL at 250 ppm with inhibition percentage of 60.78%, 43.77%, 31.1% and 24.4% respectively. Similar trend were obtained at 500 ppm also, the mycelial inhibition percentages were 81.45%, 72.33%, 66.67%, 52.4% and 35.2% respectively.
2017
Chilli (Capsicum annuum) is one of the major cash crops in India. Chilli crops are affected by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. However, fungal diseases are found to be the major factor to constraint of the chilli production. For the control of these disease used mostly used fungicides which are reduced their severity and suppress their growth. In the present investigation used seven fungicides viz., Carbendazim, Captafol, Thiram, Azoxystrobin 23% SC, Hexaconazole 2% SC, Chlorothalonil 75% WP and Indofil M-45. All the treatments were found superior on the control and reduced fungal growth. Most effective fungicides found Carbendazim in both the year which reduced fungal growth and increased yield while the yield over the control plot. Maximum fruit yield (17.93 and 16.70 q/ha) was recorded with foliar spray of Carbendazim 600 ml/ ha which was at par with foliar spray of Captafol 500 ml/ha (17.32 and 12.03 q/ha) and significantly superior over rest of the treatments, during 2012...
Eco-friendly management of anthracnose of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2015
The anthracnose of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici is a wide spread problem limiting the profitable cultivation and seed production of chilli throughout the major chilli growing regions of India. Four isolates (SCC 1 , SCC 2 , SCC 3 and SCC 4) of C. capsici were collected from different chilli growing areas of West Bengal. An experiment on efficacy of four botanical oils viz., Garlic (Allium sativum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Polyalthia (Polyalthia longifolia) and Citronella(Cymbopogon nardus) at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and two isolates each of three biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Pseudomonas flourescens) were carried out against these isolates of C. capsici in vitro. The result revealed significant (5% level of significance) antifungal activities of these botanicals and biocontrol agents. Garlic gave cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of all the four isolates of C. capsici at all the concentrations tested. However, neem showed cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of C. capsici at 0.1%. Citronella was least effective among the botanical oils. Among the biocontrol agents tested T. harzianum isolate Th-2 was found most effective giving 77.78%, 100%, 83.33 % and 88.89% inhibition on the mycelial growth of SCC 1 , SCC 2 , SCC 3 and SCC 4 respectively followed by T. harzianum isolate Th-1 inhibiting 74.00%, 78.9% 81.7% and 80.90% of the mycelial growth of SCC 1 , SCC 2 , SCC 3 and SCC 4 respectively. P. fluorescens was least effective. Thus, garlic, neem, polyalthia, T. harzianum and T. viride can be utilized for management of anthracnose of chilli.
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2020
Anthracnose of chilli causes pre-and post-harvest fruit decay, resulting in significant yield losses. We surveyed major chilli growing regions in India and identified six Colletotrichum sp. viz., Colletotrichum truncatum, C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. karstii and C. cliviicola based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 115 pure cultures isolated from symptomatic fruits. Antifungal potential of aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of 52 plant parts comprising 28 families were evaluated against all identified Colletotrichum sp. Out of these, aqueous extracts (30%) of Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Allium sativum and Phyllanthus emblica completely inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination and solvent extracts (5 mg) showed a clear growth inhibition zone in vitro against Colletotrichum sp. Aqueous extract of S. aromaticum and ethyl acetate extract of C. zeylanicum was strongest as observed shrinking of cell components and maximum zone of inhibition (60 mm) of Colletotrichum sp., respectively.
2021
An investigation was carried out at experimental block for chilli crops, Vegetable Research Centre, Pantnagar to evaluate seven botanicals under in vitro and best of three botanicals among them were tested under in vivo conditions against anthracnose of chilli (Colletotrichum capsici).The experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018 – 2019. Results revealed that among the seven botanicals tested for their efficacy against C. capsici under lab condition at 5 per cent concentration neem was found to be superior with maximum growth inhibition of 27.77 per cent of the test pathogen followed by Tulsi (21.87%) as compared to other botanicals whereas minimum growth inhibition of 3.70 per cent was observed in Parthenium. Among the seven botanicals, at 10 per cent concentration Neem (32.96%) with maximum growth inhibition was again found to be superior followed by Tulsi (27.26%) as compared to other botanicals whereas Parthenium (6.30%) showed minimum growth inhibition of the test pat...
Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is the universal spice of India grown for its biting pungency and used in different dishes, pickles and chutney's to add colour. Die-back and fruit rot of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici(Sydow) Butler and Bisby is seed, soil as well as air borne in nature affecting leaf, flower, stem and fruits of the chilli plant causing 20% yield loss in each year (Pandey,2004).Fifteen fungicides viz.Fungy,Gem,Zineb Z-75, Conzole 5% EC, Calixin, Thiram, Captaf, Roko 70 WP, Emzeb-45, Acrobat,Blitox-50-, Saaf, Validamycin, Vitavax power, Sulfex were in vitro evaluated against C.capsici by poison food technique.The radial growth of the pathogen was measured after incubation for seven days and percent growth inhibition was calculated. Complete inhibition of the growth of the fungi C.capsici was observed at minimum concentration of, Fungy 50%WP (0.1%).Gem (0.3%), ZinebZ-75 (0.25%). Conzole(.1%) Calixin(0.1%).Thiram (0.3%), and Roko 75WP (0.2%). Restricted growth was observed in Captaf (0.3%) up to73.8% followed by Vitavax power(0.3%) up to 69.2 %. Reduction of the mycelial growth up to 69 % was observed by Validamycin 3L(0.3%),Emzeb-45 (0.3%), Acrobat (0.2% ). Blitox
To assess the effectiveness of fungicides against anthracnose disease of chilli in vivo
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021
Economic losses caused by the disease are mainly attributed to lower fruit quality and marketability which was losses of up to 100% under congenial environment conditions (Pakdeevaraporn et al., 2005). In India, a calculated loss of from 10-54 per cent has been reported (Lakshmesha et al. 2005) and 10-80 per cent of the marketable yield loss of chilli fruits reported by Than et al., (2008). Hence the present study is aimed to assess the status of anthracnose disease prevailing on chilli so that future strategies for crop protection are devised with a focus on anthracnose disease Average disease intensity recorded during study of field efficacy of fungicides were ranged from 46.63 (Propineb) to 70.23 (Propiconazole). However, significantly maximum average disease intensity was recorded with Propineb fungicide. This was followed by the treatments viz.