The Influence of Bulk and Sonic Placement Techniques on Microleakage of Class II Cavities Restored with Different Resin Composites (original) (raw)
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Gingival microleakage of class II bulk-fill composite resin restorations
Dental and Medical Problems
Background. Bulk-fill composites were developed to simplify composite placement and minimize polymerization shrinkage stresses, which can improve gingival marginal adaptation in deep class II cavities. Objectives. The objective of this study was to compare the gingival microleakage of class II cavities restored with bulk-fill composites to that of incrementally restored ones with a conventional composite at 2 storage periods. Material and methods. Forty freshly extracted intact molars were employed. Two standardized class II slot cavities, 3-millimeter-wide buccolingually, with the gingival floor 0.5 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the axial wall depth of 1.3 mm were prepared in each tooth (80 cavity preparations). The prepared teeth were divided equally into 3 bulk-fill groups (Tetric EvoCeram ® Bulk Fill, X-tra Fil ® and QuiXX ®) and 1 control group (TPH Spectra ® HV). Each group was subdivided into 2 equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the storage period in distilled water (24 h and 6 months). The Adper ® Single Bond Plus adhesive was used with all the restorative materials. The cavities in the experimental groups were restored with 4-millimeter bulk-fill composites in 1 increment, while the cavities in the control group were restored with 2 increments of the thickness of 2 mm. The polymerization light was applied from the occlusal surfaces. The teeth were then immersed in 2% procion red dye solution, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope to determine the extent of dye penetration. The data was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences in the mean microleakage scores among all the groups after 24-hour and 6-month storage (p = 0.945 and p = 0.928, respectively). The Mann-Whitney U test revealed an increase in the mean microleakage scores in all the groups after 6-month storage; however, the scores were not significantly different from the means obtained after 24 h (p = 0.259 for Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill; p = 0.205 for X-tra Fil; p = 0.166 for QuiXX; p = 0.155 for TPH Spectra HV). Conclusions. Gingival microleakage of bulk-fill composites in class II cavities was not significantly different from that of incrementally restored ones with a conventional composite. The increase in the mean gingival microleakage of the specimens stored for 6 months was not statistically significantly different in comparison to the values obtained after the 24-hour storage period for each composite.
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry
Purpose: Restorative materials and techniques have improved the clinical success of a variety of restorative procedures. Despite these new improvements, microleakage remains one of the leading causes of restoration failure and may lead to postoperative sensitivity, enamel microcracks, marginal staining, discoloration, recurrent caries, and deformation of teeth. This study evaluated microleakages of five recent resin composites in class V cavities. Materials and Methods: Standardized class V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of one hundred extracted intact and noncarious human permanent premolar teeth. The cavities were divided into five groups (n=20) according to the resin composite material. Groups: A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 were restored with Omnichroma, Spectrum, Mosaic, Tetric N-Ceram and Harmonize, respectively. The teeth were stained with methylene blue and then sectioned, and the extent of dye penetration was examined under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate microleakage. One-way ANOVA test was used to statistically analyze the data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Computer Software (SPSS) version 15.0 was used. Results: Dye penetration was observed at the tooth-restoration interface in all the studied samples, with varying degrees of penetration. At the cervical margins of the cavities, no statistically significant difference in the microleakage scores was observed (P=0.16). At the cavity floor, no statistically significant difference in microleakage scores was observed (P=0.74). Omnichroma resin composite had the highest microleakage results. Conclusion: Nanohybrid resin composites showed less microleakage than other resin composites. Among all the groups, Omnichroma showed the highest microleakage at the cavity floor and at the cervical areas. Clinical Significance: In light of our findings, nanohybrid resin composites appear to be capable of reducing microleakage, and the results reported herein must be verified by additional clinical trials.
Aim: To evaluate the microleakage that occurs while restoring deep Cl-II cavities with different bulk fill composite restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Forty caries free freshly extracted teeth were selected and through proper mounting and matrix application, were restored using Tetric n ceram bulk fill, Ever X posterior, SDR and Tetric N ceram nanohybrid (as control) in 4mm bulk increment. Specimens were tested for microleakage through immersion in 0.5% basic fushin dye and then sectioned and observed under Stereomicroscopeand the scores were obtained for each group. Results: Tetric N ceram bulk fill and Ever X posterior showed the least microleakage while the Control group showed the highest. Out of all, Ever X posterior showed the least microleakage owing to its horizontal fiber distribution. Conclusion: Overall bulk fill composites showed good bonding to the CEJ and thus can be used in deep Cl-II cavities with maximum of 4mm bulk increment. Routine composites should not be used in bulk technique.
Open Journal of Stomatology, 2012
is indicated for posterior restorations, with a single increment up to 5 mm due to reduced polymerization shrinkage, thus reducing working time. Aim: Evaluation of marginal microleakage with SonicFill TM . Method and Materials: There were sectioned sixty noncarious human molars in the occluso-cervical direction. Class V cavities were prepared on each tooth with gingival margin walls in a standardized way. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: group 1-restored with SonicFill TM (Kerr/Kavo), group 2-restored with Filtek TM SupremeXTE (3M ESPE), group 3-the cavities were not restored; group 4-restored with SonicFill TM (Kerr/Kavo). In groups 1, 2 and 4 the enamel was conditioned with 37% orthophosphoric acid and applied the self-etch adhesive system Clearfill TM SE BOND (Kuraray). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37˚C for 7 days. After, the specimens, were immersed in a solution of 99m Tc-Pertechnetate and the radioactivity was assessed with a gamma camera. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction at a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analyses. Results: There are significant differences between the positive and negative control groups and between these and experimental groups (p < 0.05). There are no statistically significant differences between the specimens restored with SonicFill TM and Filtek TM SupremeXTE. Conclusion: The new composite SonicFill TM and Filtek TM SupremeXTE showed no difference concerning dye penetration. The Sonic-Fill TM restorative system showed no influence in concerning microleakage.
The demand for tooth-colored restorations has grown considerably during the last decade. Resin-based Composites (RBCs), ceramics, glass ionomer cements are tooth coloured restorative materials, to name a few. Resin-based composites are the most widely used aesthetic restorative materials in today's world [1]. Now a days, at least half of posterior direct restoration placements are done using resin-based composite restorative materials [2]. The reasons for their worldwide popularity are their excellent esthetic value, needing minimal tooth preparation, providing micro-mechanical bonding with the tooth structure and good retention. However, in spite of the many advantages; one of the major shortcomings of all Resin-based Composites (RBCs) is that they undergo polymerization shrinkage upon curing. The resulting volumetric contraction produces stress between the bonded restorations and tooth walls, resulting in gap formation and microleakage. Microleakage is defined as the marginal permeability to bacterial, chemical and molecular invasion at the interface between the teeth and restorations [3], leading to discoloration, recurrent caries and pulpal pathology, affecting longevity of composite resin restorations [4-6]. Thus, resistance to microleakage of bonded restorative materials plays a crucial role in clinical success of the restoration. Over the years, various strategies have been proposed to minimize the negative effects associated with polymerization shrinkage of RBCs [7,8]. Recently, to control polymerization shrinkage, a new RBC based on silorane chemistry has been introduced. Siloranes are a new class of ring-opening monomers obtained from the reaction of oxirane and siloxane molecules [9-11]. One of the commercially silorane-based RBCs is available as Filtek P90 (3M ESPE). It is a microhybrid composite, filled with fine quartz particles, and radio-opaque yttrium fluoride. Filtek P90 is used along with P90 system adhesive, a two-step self-etching bonding system. It consists of a P90 system adhesive self-etch primer which is hydrophilic and bonds to the tooth, and a P90 system adhesive bond which is hydrophobic and adheres to the resin. Although several studies have shown conflicting results with regards to the degree of microleakage using Total-Etch (TE) and Self-Etch (SE) adhesive systems [12-17]. However, recent studies have shown that the use of a total-etch system significantly reduces microleakage than a self-etch system and three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives still remains the gold standard in terms of durability [18-20]. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare microleakage around class V cavities restored with silorane and bis-GMA based composite resins using self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems. Materials and Methods Sixty non-carious freshly extracted human molars were collected and stored in 0.2% thymol solution at room temperature until use. Routine prophylactic procedure was carried out with rubber cup and pumice slurry for all teeth. The teeth with presence of fracture, crack or pigmentation were excluded. After autoclaving teeth samples were mounted in a semicircular fashion using dental plaster in a rubber mould and set at right angle to its long axis. Abstract Objectives: To evaluate and compare microleakage around class V cavities restored with silorane and dimethacrylate-based composite resins. Methods: Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 60 non-carious human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20) depending on the restorative materials used, Silorane-based composite resin (Filtek P90-SIL), dimethacrylate-based composite resin (Solare P-SOLP) and light-cure glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II LC-LCGIC). The restored teeth with these tooth-coloured restorative materials were thermo-cycled and then immersed in 2% Rhodamine B dye under vacuum pressure for 48 hours. All teeth were bisected longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and observed under stereo-microscope at 30X magnification for the evidence of dye penetration. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Post Hoc tests (α=0.05). Results: SIL composite resin showed the least microleakage in Class V cavity restorations with a statistically significant difference to SOLP and LCGIC. Sixty five percent of specimens in SIL group, 30% in SOLP group and 5% in LCGIC group showed dye penetration up to one-third of the cavity depth, while 5% in SIL group, 5% in SOLP group and 35% in LCGIC group showed dye penetration up to two-thirds of the cavity depth, and 30% in SIL group, 65% in SOLP group and 60% in LCGIC group showed dye penetration up to the axial wall. Conclusions: Silorane-based composite exhibited least microleakage in restoring class V cavities compared to dimethacrylate-based composite resin and light-cured glass ionomer cement.
“Comparative evaluation of microleakage of composite restorative materials”
Annals and Essences of Dentistry, 2014
To evaluate and compare the marginal leakage in class V cavities restored with three different tooth colored restorative materials using dye penetration system. Materials and methods: Thirty extracted premolars were randomly selected for this study. Standardized classV cavities were prepared and then divided into three equal groups. Group I was restored with nano filled composite, Group II was restored with hybrid composite and group III with polyacid modified composite. They were then subjected to thermo cycling, immersed in 2% methylene blue dye, sectioned and examined under stereomicroscope. Dye penetration for each section was recorded and data was analyzed. Results: Lowest micrileakage was recorded in group I and highest leakage recorded in Group III.Conclusion: Nanofilled composite resins provide a better sealing than hybrid and polyacid modified composites. .
Journal of dental problems and solutions, 2019
The aim of this randomized in vitro study is to clarify whether resin based restorative materials (RBRM) behave in a way comparable to non-resin based restorative materials (non-RBRM) in dentinelimited cavities with regard to their marginal fi t. For this purpose, cylindrical standardized cavities (diameter: 3.0 +/-0.1 mm, depth: 1.5 mm) were placed on buccal surfaces of sixty human molars and restored with three non-RBRM (glass ionomer cement, amalgam, phosphate cement) and three adhesive (composite, compomer, ormocer) restoratives. Aging of the samples was achieved by thermal cycling (500 cycles). The marginal gaps could be made visible with a dye penetration test (methylene blue 2%). Using a diamond internal hole saw, 5 cuts were made through the cavity and measured under an incident light microscope at 10x magnifi cation. The result of the statistical evaluation of the additionally determined percentage marginal gap depths was compared with the numerical evaluation of the penetration depths of 0, 1 and 2 required by the ISO test setup. The ISO classifi cation reveals statistical differences in the penetration behaviour of phosphate cement to the other materials, whereas the statistical evaluation of the percentage measurement distances revealed signifi cant differences between the nonadhesive and the adhesive restorative materials, with signifi cantly smaller marginal gaps for the cavities of the RBRM group.
Microleakage in class V gingiva-shaded composite resin restorations
Annali di stomatologia, 2012
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage in Class V cavities restored with a new gingiva-shaded microhybrid composite resin and with a conventional microhybrid composite resin using three different dentin bonding systems (DBS). Class V cavities were prepared in sixty freshly extracted human teeth with the incisal margin in enamel and the apical margin in dentin/cementum. Restored specimens, after thermocycling, were placed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Longitudinal sections were obtained and studied with a stereomicroscope for assessment of the microleakage according to degree of dye penetration (scale 0-3). Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and with Mann-Whitney U-test.IN THIS STUDY THERE WAS NO LEAKAGE IN ENAMEL: all the cavities showed no dye penetration at the incisal margins (located in enamel). None of the DBS used eliminated microleakage in apical margins (located in dentin or cementum): three-step total-etch and single-step self-etch...
Egyptian dental journal, 2016
Aim of the study: This study was directed to evaluate the microleakage of different types of composite resin in class II posterior restoration at the cement-enamel junction CEJ. Materials and methods: Eighty one freshly extracted molars were selected. The teeth were divided into three main groups (27 each) according to the material used. Group 1: samples were restored with packable resin composite. Group 2: samples were restored with packable resin composite lined with 1-1.5mm layer of flowable resin composite. Group 3: samples were restored with hybrid resin composite. Each group was divided into three subgroups (9 each) according to the storage time. Subgroup A, B and C: storage time was 24 hours, 1 month and 3 months respectively. The gingival margin was located at the CEJ. The teeth were restored and microleakage testing was performed using dye penetration method. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The packable composite group recorded the highest microleakage values followed by hybrid composite group then flowable-lined packable composite group and this was statistically with high significance (p<0.001). The three groups showed the least microleakage values after one month followed by three months storage while the highest values were after 24 hours storage. Conclusion: None of the tested materials was able to completely eliminate marginal microleakage at CEJ but the use of flowable resin composite as a liner under packable resin composite showed a reduction in microleakage compared to the other types.