Roggen, Hafer, Hülsenfrüchte. Römische und mittelalterliche Pflanzenreste der Ausgrabungen im Sanierungsgebiet Dürrmenz (original) (raw)
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Frankfurter Archäologische Schriften 18
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Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 2017
Zusammenfassung: Die römische Stadt auf dem Magdalensberg, von 1948 bis 2011 alljährlich in systematischen Grabungen untersucht, erbrachte beträchtliche Mengen an Funden, die Aufschlüsse über Nahrung und Ernährungsgewohnheiten geben: Tierknochen, marine und terrestrische Mollusken, botanische Reste, Koch- und Tafelgeschirr oder Amphoren für den Wein- und Lebensmittelimport aus dem gesamten Mittelmeerraum. Viele Graffiti und tituli picti auf Amphoren und Krügen erteilen Auskünfte über Menge oder Gewicht, spezifizieren den Inhalt oder nennen ein genaues Datum. Unter den Baubefunden sind einige Küchenensembles bekannt, die durch Funde an Küchengeräten ergänzt werden. Dieser reiche Quellenbestand gibt wertvolle Einblicke in das vorhandene Nahrungsmittelangebot der Stadt, in ihre Tafelkultur sowie die lokalen Kochgewohnheiten. Summary: Excavations in the Roman town on the Magdalensberg, which continued annually from 1948 to 2011, yielded enormous data as regards diet and dietary evidence: animal bones, marine and non-marine molluscs, plant residues, cooking pots and fine tableware; amphorae and jugs give proof of imported wine and foodstuffs from the whole Mediterranean. Furthermore, several graffiti and tituli picti on amphorae and jugs mention the weight or the quantity of their contents, but also a precise date. Besides kitchen-utensils, kitchens and their facilities were recorded as well among the archaeological structures. Therefore, this rich archaeological source permits to gain insight concerning the town’s supplies with foodstuffs, the dining culture or local cooking habits.
Alpine Brandopferplätze. Archäologische und naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen / Roghi votivi alpini. Archeologia e scienze naturali, 2010
Archaeobotanical analysis of charred plant maroremains from the La Tène cult site at St. Valburga in Val Ultimo resulted in the largest spectrum of cultivated and wild plants ever documented for an Alpine burnt-offering site (Brandopferplatz; rogo votivo). Apart from cereals (mainly hulled wheat species, hulled barley and broom corn millet) also legumes/pulses and oilseeds are part of the offerings. The plant material is however dominated by fragments of a cereal product (porridge/bread). From its components, wheat and foxtail millet could be identified. Fruits gathered in the wild are of minor importance in the offerings. Numerous finds of disturbance-indicator plants can be interpreted as resulting from their local occurrence and thus indicating phases during which the offering site was not in use. A find of juniper may represent incense remains. Despite of the complexity of the site the botanical finds show no clear differentiation between the different areas of the sanctuary. The charcoal remains point to indiscriminate gathering of fuelwood from the surrounding mixed spruce woods. A major part of this fuelwood consists of deadwood and/or twigs. The synopsis of archaeobotanical investigations at Bronze Age and Iron Age Alpine burnt-offering sites demonstrates the representation of everyday foodstuff in the offerings. Domesticated plants outweigh fruits gathered in the wild, and processed food outweights "raw" crops. The species composition of firewood seems not to have played any significant role in the Alpine burnt-offering rites, as in most cases wood was randomly gathered from the surrounding forests, with high proportions of deadwood.