Terrorism and Humanitarian Crisis in Nigeria:Insights from Boko Haram insurgency. (original) (raw)

Terrorism and Humanitarian Crisis in Nigeria: Insight from Boko Haram insurgency.

This paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in Nigeria from the standpoint of Boko Haram insurgency. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks orchestrated by members of the Islamic sect in the northern part of the country over the years. By way of scholarly exegesis and empirical evidence, predicated on secondary sources, the paper posits that the Boko Haram insurgency has resulted in dire humanitarian situation as evident in human casualties, human right abuses, population displacement and refugee debacle, livelihood crisis, and public insecurity. The paper submits that this scenario portends negatively for the sustenance of national security in Nigeria. The paper recommends a strategic paradigm shift from anti-terrorism to counter-terrorism as a strategy for containing the crisis.

Terrorism and Insurgency in Nigeria and her neighboring countries: the Boko Haram Experience

IJASS JOURNAL, 2022

The U.S State department defined terrorism as "the premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against a noncombatant targets by sub-national groups". It went further to define terrorism as "the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear, intended to coerce or to intimidate governments in the pursuit of goals that are political, religious or ideological. In light of this, the expansion of Boko Haram insurgency beyond the Nigeria boundary to include its neighbors, has now left Nigeria, and other West African countries and the international community to tackle such actions of Boko Haram, seeing to it that it is not just an internal problem for Nigeria but also a global crisis which requires all necessary support to ensuring lasting peace in Nigeria. Therefore, making use of the historical method of discuss and analysis, the paper adopted a qualitative research methodology approach. The paper concluded that the future security of Nigeria and the sub-region lies in consensual, well coordinated, well-structured and well-resourced interventions by national and regional forces. But more than that, the overall success in resolving the Boko Haram threat calls for sustained measures aimed at intricately addressing the social, economic and political issues that galvanized terrorist radicalization that gave Boko Haram a foot hold in Nigeria.

Insurgency and humanitarian crises in Northern Nigeria: The case of Boko Haram

2015

Insurgency has become a threat to global peace and security in the 21st century due to the fact that it constitutes the highest contributor to humanitarian crises in the form of rise in human casualties, internally displaced persons, refugee debacles, food insecurity and the spread of various diseases. The paper sets out to analyse the impact of Boko Haram insurgency on humanitarian crises in Northern Nigeria with Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states in focus. It further establishes how the increase in the activities of Boko Haram, continues to generate dire humanitarian consequences to the North East region, the Nigerian society and neighbouring nations at large. This paper adopts the State Fragility theoretical framework as well as the survey method involving the use of questionnaires (the regression technique) and in-depth interview (index matrix and table technique) which focuses on three internally displaced Camps in the region for analysis. The empirical findings indicate that, ther...

Terrorism and Boko-Haram Insurgency in North-East Nigeria

LAPAI Journal of Humanities, 2020

The threat posed to national and regional security by the activities of such terrorist group like Boko Haram cannot be overlooked considering its socioeconomic , political and even psychological impact on the affected areas in Nigeria. The rampaging terrorist attacks on communities within the NorthEast geo-political zone in Nigeria have really contributed in the disarticulation of development process and moreover social life in these affected areas. It is evident that the continuous gap between the leadership and the led due to corruption, unresponsive leadership, unaccountability, visionless policies, unbridled yearning for continuous accumulation of wealth among other disparaging attributes of Nigeria's leadership have contributed to continuous violent extremism by such terrorist groups like the Boko-Haram. Utilizing the secondary sources of data, content analysis and the Human Security Approach, the paper examines terrorism, with emphasis on Boko Haram insurgency in NorthEast Nigeria. The paper concluded that Boko Haram insurgency in the NorthEast Nigeria remains a threat to the peace and development of the zone.

Rethinking Terrorism And Nigeria's National Security: A Study Of Boko Haram Insurgency

Nigeria remains bedevilled by security challenges caused by the emergence and upsurge in the activities of terrorist Islamic extremists, "Boko Haram", a Hausa phrase which means "Western Education is Forbidden." The onslaught became popular in 2009 and operates mostly in the NorthEast axis of the country. This paper assessed how Boko Haram terrorist activities affected Nigeria's national security and the strategic responses deployed by the Nigerian Government to check the menace. The paper is descriptive and qualitative. It utilized published sources of data collection to access information for analysis. Findings indicate that attacks by the insurgency have destroyed lives numbering in thousands, and properties worth millions of dollars. The terrorist insurgency has negatively affected the economy, stunned the education sector, stirred humanitarian crisis, weakened the Nigerian security circle, and threatened the precarious sovereign existence of the country in myriads of ways, including the calculated attempt to Islamize the country. The Nigerian State has deployed efforts and resources in combating the terrorist insurgency since its violent escalation in 2009; however, the insurgency continues to unleash acts of terror on the country. The government's efforts seem far from achieving the urgently needed victory to put an end to the insurgency's carnages. This study thus recommends that to defeat this menace, the government should focus on creating employment, alleviating poverty, implementing community-centric strategy, international cooperation, border surveillance, security synergy, reconnaissance mission and effective judicial process.

Terrorism and Insurgency in Northern Nigeria: A Study of the Origins and Nature of Boko Haram

his study attempts to unravel the characteristics of the Boko Haram sect in northern Nigeria. The activities of the group became profound in 2009; terrorism and insurgency were identified as its major strategies. This paper engaged qualitative methods and made broad use of secondary sources. The group made greater impact in Nigeria than previous extremist groups such as Maitatsine and Shiite group, hence the need to understand its evolution, ideology and motivation. The group was discovered to have expansionist tendencies with foreign support of other Islamic fundamentalist organizations. Three motivations of the sect were pointed out to include religious extremism, resentment over the killing of their members and poverty. Among its famous attacks were the bombing of Nigeria Police Force Headquarters and the UN House both in Abuja and in 2011. It also carried out the Christmas day bombing at St Theresa Catholic Church in Madalla near Abuja on 25 December, 2011. The federal government, the international community and other stakeholders took initiatives to end the onslaught through coercion, sanctions, offers of dialogue, negotiation and amnesty but all these have so far failed to bring an end to the hostilities. This study gave a number of recommendations to mitigate this prolonged crisis and concluded by underlining the importance of addressing the root causes of the problems such as poor governance, poverty among others.

AN ASSESSMENT OF TERRORISM BOKO HARAM AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA

The insecurity in Nigeria has created porous security condition that engenders violence and promotes terrorism. Terrorism is conceived as a crime which is economically, politically and religiously motivated and it employs tactics such as: assassination, kidnapping, hostage taking, hijacking, suicide bombing, shoot -out sporadically, sabotage, vandalism among other opprobrious acts of crime and violence to achieve its aim towards a state. This study therefore gives an insight on the causes and consequences of terrorism (Boko Haram) and insecurity in Nigeria. And to examine the historical development of terrorism in Nigeria; to identify the challenges in controlling terrorism by the efforts of the Joint Military Task Force in providing security and peace in Nigeria. The methodology employed in this study involved both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Primary data were collected from the Nigeria Armed Forces with the aid of a survey (questionnaire) and in -depth interview. Simple percentage comparison was used to analyze the data, with the aid of frequency tables and graphical presentations (pictographs). The findings of the study revealed the challenges of the Nigeria Armed Forces; as well as their statutory roles in duty of submerging terrorism in Nigeria. The conclusion was drawn with some recommendations that will make ways for the improvement on the activities of Nigeria Armed Forces and to maintain peace and security in the Nigeria.

Domestic Terrorism And Its Impacts On Nigerian State: An Analysis Of Boko Haram Insurgency

This study aimed at identifying major impacts of Boko Haram insurgency on Nigerian state. In carrying out this study, the paper employed documentary sources and qualitative method in generating data while Frustration aggression theory was adopted as framework of analysis. From the study it was discovered that Boko Haram insurgency impacted negatively on Nigerian state through destruction of lives and properties, disruption of business, reduction in government revenue, fear of foreign investors to live and do business in Nigeria, political instability among others. The paper examines the causative factors and unravels the dominants causes of Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. Specifically, it also provides a better understanding of the growth and development of Boko Haram terrorists. Consequently, the paper recommends that, instead of using military repressive actions to curb the menace, there is need for Nigerian state to address the root cause(s) of the insurgency which includes poverty, corruption, weak institutions, economic deprivation, illiteracy and religious intolerance among several others.

Terrorism in Nigeria: A Case Study of Boko Haram

ALIMI Etsu , 2013

The cycle of violence being unleashed on Nigerians by the fundamentalist group, Boko Haram has heightened fears among the populace and the international community that the hostility has gone beyond religions or political coloration hence the need to carry out this research. The study is made up of five (5) chapters. Chapter one takes an introductory look into terrorism in Nigeria viz a viz activities of Boko Haram. Chapter two examined different scholars’ views on Boko Haram as a terrorist group in Nigeria. Relevant theories to the study were also examined. Chapter three encapsulated the methodology used in carrying out this study. It spells out the population of the study which already resides in the topic and the sample size for the study. Analysis and description of detailed presentation of results and discussion of the study based on the data gathered in the course of this research forms the body of chapter four. Responses based on 95 questionnaires that are valid are used to examine the existence, activities and effect of Boko Haram on the Nigerian State. The response to the questionnaire was summarized in series of tables, grouped according to the research questions of the problem under investigation and analyzed using the simple percentage method. And of course, chapter five contains summary, conclusion and recommendations of this study. Certain key recommendations were made among which are reduction of drivers of extremism, intelligence gathering, enhanced surveillance, de radicalization etc.