Human Factors and Motorcycle Accidents in Malaysia (original) (raw)

Factor Analysis of Motorcycle Crashes in Malaysia

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL, 2016

This research paper focused on factor analysis of motorcycle crashes in Malaysia. Statistics have shown that Malaysia has the highest road fatality risk (per 100,000 populations) among the ASEAN countries and more than 50% of the road accident fatalities involve motorcyclists. The research literature has shown that key factors that significantly involve in the motorcycles crashes are human factors, road and vehicle conditions and environment factors. The purpose of this research is to analyse the driving attitude, behaviour and habits of Malaysian motorcyclists especially the young students. For this purpose, a research survey (N=210) has been conducted in University Technology Malaysia (UTM) in order to perceive road user perception on key factors that contribute to motorcycle crashes in Malaysia among the young students. The results show that the highest factor that contributes to the motorcycle crashes in Malaysia is the human behavior factor, follow by road and vehicle and lastl...

Burden of motorcycle-related injury in Malaysia

International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015

Background: Road traffic injury (RTI) contributes to major morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Most of the injuries are caused by road-related injuries that specifically relate to motorcycle crash. We attempted to conduct a short survey to determine the magnitude of burden related to motorcycle-related RTIs in Malaysia. We hypothesize that motorcycle-related RTI in Malaysia contributes significantly to the health burden in the country. Methods: The cross-sectional survey involves data searching related to RTI in Malaysia from the relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Health Malaysia, Royal Police Force, and Malaysia Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) through their official websites and PubMed search. The three agencies are well established and recognized by the Malaysian government in dealing with data collection for the injury nationwide. The primary aim is to determine the prevalence of motorcycle-related RTI, and secondary outcomes are the overall mortality and the contributing factors. Results: Of the cause of trauma, 80 % is due to RTI, and the most vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and motorcyclists are affected the most. Of all RTI, 70 % is contributed by the motorcycle crash, and there are a significant number of deaths for both rider and pillion rider of the motorcycle than for other types of vehicles. Human error is the main reason to be blamed, specifically the attitude of the riders on the road. Conclusions: Trauma is one of the common reasons for death and hospitalization in Malaysia. Motorcycle-related RTI in Malaysia contributes significantly to the health burden in Malaysia. The Malaysian government and non-government agencies have worked together seriously in implementing a preventive measure to reduce the incidence and aftermath of motorcycle-related RTI. However, data is still lacking, and every effort is made to increase the amount of research in the field. Strengths of the article are as follows: Latest alarming data on motorcycle-related injuries in the developing country. The data is collected from multi-agencies recognized by ministries in the country. Very limited publication specifically on motorcycle-related injuries is available. Limitations of the article are as follows: The data is only from one country. The statistical data is gathered from a variety of sources, i.e., relevant agencies and authorities and website of the involved ministries.

Recent Trend of Fatal Motorcycle Crashes in Malaysia

Motorcyclist is one of the most vulnerable groups of road users. In Malaysia, motorcyclist casualties constitute more than two thirds of road accident victims. This study describes recent trends of fatal motorcycle crash in Malaysia as well as changes in crash rates during the past ten years. Police data were used to examine the motorcycle fatal crashes annually from year 1999 to 2008. The data was retrospectively collected from the MIROS Accident Database and Analysis Unit which maintains a centralised national traffic accident database, MIROS Road Accident Database (MROADS). A total of 35,603 fatalities among motorcyclist were recorded during the ten years period. Most of the victims of motorcycle crash were males in which male predominated over female in the ratio 11:1. The fatalities among motorcycle rider were 88% while only 12 % for pillion. Majority (38%) of the victims were in the age group 16–25 years. Overall, the rider fatalities increased in 14% with significant increase...

Injury Severity Analysis of Accidents Involving Young Motorcycle Riders in Malaysia

Motorcyclists are the highest contributors to road fatality statistics in Malaysia, particularly young riders. This warrants a study to be carried out to understand the overall accident characteristics and investigate the associated risk factors. Secondary data from police records (POL 27) were utilized using three years of accident records (2006 – 2008). Results shown that the following factors led to a higher probability of being killed or severely injured (KSI) for young motorcycle riders; being a male motorcyclist, riding with a learner probationary license or without a license, riding with an improper helmet or without wearing any, being involved in a crash that happens during the wee hours, being involved in a crash that happens during dawn or dusk or in the dark with and without street lighting, being involved in a crash that happens at built-up or rural areas and being involved in a head-on collision.

Analysis Motorcycle Accidents Based on Environmental and Personal Factors

The number of motorcycle accidents in the Philippines is increasing but studies have not been done to assess its causes. This study considered the separate and interactive effects of environment and driver-dependent factors namely gender, helmet usage, risk taking behavior, day, time and month of the accident, junction type, movement, road character, surface condition, weather, traffic sector, and lighting conditions in predicting motorcycle accidents in the Philippine. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data gathered from 186 motorcycle users. Results showed that the significant variables are weather conditions, age of the driver, and junction type. 1. Background of the study According to the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) [1], motorcycles are more prone to accidents as they expose the driver and passenger/s to twice as much risk than in four-wheel vehicles. Although there have been laws implemented on Traffic Laws Regulations, specifically on motorcycles, accidents have been declared as one of the leading causes of death in the Philippines [2]. The alarmingly growing number of motorcycle accidents can be attributed to a number of environment and driver dependent factors specifically variables found in the Philippine Police Report form. Among the environment factors in the form are day, time and month of the accident, junction type, movement, road character/type, surface and lighting conditions. 2. Accident variables Timing as a variable affecting accidents was tackled in previous studies. An assessment of 1,508 motorcycle accidents in Australia was done by Williams and Hoffmann [3] in 1974. Data show that 63.7% of all accidents occurred during hours during day, 29.0% during night, and 7.3% at dawn and dusk. This is because the flow of traffic during day is greater than that of dawn and dusk contrary to the later findings of Yau [4]. Yau [4] considered five factors, namely, the month of occurrence of the accident, day of the week, time of the accident, street lighting conditions and weather conditions. Results revealed that the day of the week and time of the accident are important factors affecting injury severity. It was also found that motorcycle accidents have higher risk during weekends than weekdays because motorcycle drivers driving on weekends may exhibit risky driving behaviors. Furthermore, motorcycle accidents are also more likely to happen between night and midnight. Perhaps during this time, the driver is more susceptible to driving at fast speeds due to the small number of vehicles on the road. Another environment dependent factor is the type of road which affects the occurrence of an accident. The road characteristics given in the police report in the Philippines include straight or flat, curved, inclined, curved and inclined, on a bridge and other type of roads. A study in the United States estimated probabilistic models of motorcyclists' injury severities in single and multi-vehicle crashes. Results suggest that road crashes occurring on vertical or horizontal curves, are significantly likely to contribute on incapacitating injuries [5]. No study, however, was found associating the flow of vehicles along the roads to accidents. One-way movement is logically less prone to accidents because head on collisions are probably more prone to happen on two-way movements. Since this is not supported by any study, this shall need further investigation. There were also limited studies found relating different types of junctions with injury causation or severity. However, a study by Pai and 820

Modelling of conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in Seremban and Shah Alam, Malaysia

Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1996

Preliminary analysis of the short-term impact of a running headlights intervention revealed that there has been a significant drop in conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in the pilot areas, Seremban and Shah Alam, Malaysia. This paper attempts to look in more detail at conspicuity-related accidents involving motorcycles. The aim of the analysis was to establish a statistical model to describe the relationship between the frequency of conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents and a range of explanatory variables so that new insights can be obtained into the effects of introducing a running headlight campaign and regulation. The exogenous variables in this analysis include the influence of time trends, changes in the recording and analysis system, the effect of fasting activities during Ramadhan and the "Balik Kampong" culture, a seasonal cultural-religious holiday activity unique to Malaysia. The model developed revealed that the running headlight intervention reduced the conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents by about 29%. It is concluded that the intervention has been successful in improving conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in Malaysia. Copyright 0 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

Motorcycle fatalities in Malaysia

Malaysia has the highest road fatality risk (per 100,000 population) among the ASEAN countries and more than 50% of the road accident fatalities involve motorcyclists. This study has collected and analysed data from the police, government authorities, and national and international research institutes. Only fatality data are used due to the severe underreporting of severe injuries (up to 600%) and slight injuries (up to 1400%). The analysis reveals that the highest numbers of motorcycle fatalities occur in rural locations (61%), on primary roads (62%) and on straight road sections (66%). The majority are riders (89%), 16 to 20 years old (22.5%), and 90% of the motorcycles are privately owned. Of those involved in fatal accidents, 75% of the motorcyclists wear helmets, and 35% do not have proper licences. The highest number of fatalities by type of collision is ‘angular or side’ (27.5%). Although fatal motorcyclist crashes mostly involve ‘passenger cars’ (28%), motorcyclists are responsible for 50% of the collisions either by crashing singly (25%) or with other motorcyclists (25%). While male motorcyclists predominate (94% of fatalities), female motorcyclists aged 31 to 70, possessing ‘no licence’, not wearing helmets and travelling during the day, account for a higher percentage than male motorcyclists. Malaysia must acquire more motorcycle exposure data and establish an injury recording system and database based on hospital-records. To reduce motorcycle fatalities, it first has to understand why young male motorcyclists are prone to fatal crashes in the evenings and on weekends on rural primary roads, especially on straight road sections.

Fatal motorcycle collisions in Malaysia, 2007-2011

2013

Motorcyclists are over-represented in casualty crashes in Malaysia, accounting for approximately 60 percent of all road fatalities. In order to develop effective ways to reduce motorcyclist casualty crashes, it is important to identify the extent of the problem, critical safety issues, the types of crashes that present the greatest risk to riders, and the factors commonly associated with these crashes and their causal factors. The objective of this paper was to explore current crash and injury factors for motorcyclist fatal collisions in Malaysia. Fatal motorcycle crashes occurring between 2007 and 2011 were extracted from the crash database to examine crash and injury patterns, including collision type and location, road geometry, vehicles involved, number of people involved, driver/rider error, demographic characteristics of riders, and injury outcomes. The results identified a number of key collision and rider characteristics that were associated with motorcyclist injury, includi...

Factors Contributing to Crash Involvement of Unlicensed Motorcycle Riders in Malaysia

Despite the various interventions carried out to reduce the number of road crashes and injuries involving motorcycle riders, unlicensed riding remains a growing road safety concern in Malaysia. Thus, the current study was embarked upon to identify the general trends and to assess the factors contributing to the high involvement of unlicensed motorcycle riders who were fatally injured in road crashes. The results indicated that about one-fifth of the total casualties involved were unlicensed motorcycle riders and the proportion would be higher if the statistics of the unknown cases was included. The results also revealed that, when compared with licensed motorcycle riders, relatively high proportion of unlicensed motorcycle riders were young (69%), did not wear safety helmets (33%), involved in crashes which occurred at night (39%) and in rural areas (79.1%). These findings suggested that unlicensed motorcycle riders were predominantly young which can be considered as novice and inexperienced, and were more likely to engage in risky riding behaviors. Potential intervention activities and future research are discussed as well.

Trends of Motorcyclist Accidents in Kelantan Between 1998-2003

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) contribute large proportion of death and disability globally and motorcyclists are the most vulnerable group. In Malaysia, motorcycles are one of the most important forms of personal transportation. More than 50% of the registered vehicles in this country are motorcycles. Casualties among motorcyclist form a large portion of traffic injury problems in Malaysia and are ranked among the highest in comparison to other countries. The objective of the stu& was to determine the trend of motorcycle crashes in Kelantan, between 1998 and. This was a retrospective record review of MVCs data in Kelantan. Data gathered were input into SPSS version I I and Microsoft Excel and analyzed using decomposition method to explore the seasonaliiy and simple linear regression to explore the trend. The stu& revealed that majority of road trafic injuries involved motorcycle users (58.5% to 63.1 %). The proportion of fataliiy was between 8.6% and 10.7% and majority involved 11-30 years (60.0% -69.7%). About 90% of the fatal motorcycle injuries were male. The peak hour for fatality was between 4.00 to 8.00 afternoons. No seasonal pattern of motorcycle accidents but, there was signrficant linear increasing trend (p<0.001) with an average of 9 cases increasing every year. Based on the results above, we conclude that the trend of motorcycle accidents was increasing in year 1998 -2003, but no seasonal pattern. Most of the fatal motorcycle crashes involved young men riders and occurred at afiernoon. We recommend that public education and enforcement on accident prevention should be given a priority.