Impact of home confinement during COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson's disease (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with male preponderance. It is associated with both motor and non-motor symptoms, which affect quality of life in elderly people. Due to paucity of studies on its epidemiology and prevalence, this disease needs assiduity and further exploration.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the tertiary care hospital, among 45 patients diagnosed with PD.Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.17±12.30 years, with male to female ratio was 2:1. The average age of onset of PD was 57.4±12.30 years. Tremor was the most common initial symptom (68.88%) followed by rigidity (20%) and bradykinesia. Most of the patients (86.66%) had progressive symptoms, and 69% had unilateral involvement of limbs.Conclusions: The profile of patients with PD in Himachal Pradesh is similar to that from other populations in India and other developing countries. However, the dearth of studies and data pertaining ...
Epidemiology of Parkinson disease in the city of Kolkata, India: A community-based study
Neurology, 2010
Objective: No well-designed longitudinal study on Parkinson disease (PD) has been conducted in India. Therefore, we planned to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of PD in the city of Kolkata, India, on a stratified random sample through a door-to-door survey. Method: This study was undertaken between 2003 to 2007 with a validated questionnaire by a team consisting of 4 trained field workers in 3 stages. Field workers screened the cases, later confirmed by a specialist doctor. In the third stage, a movement disorders specialist undertook home visits and reviewed all surviving cases after 1 year from last screening. Information on death was collected through verbal autopsy. A nested case-control study (1:3) was also undertaken to determine putative risk factors. The rates were age adjusted to the World Standard Population. Result: A total population of 100,802 was screened. The age-adjusted prevalence rate (PR) and average annual incidence rate were 52.85/100,000 and 5.71/100,000 per year, respectively. The slum population showed significantly decreased PR with age compared with the nonslum population. The adjusted average annual mortality rate was 2.89/100,000 per year. The relative risk of death was 8.98. The case-control study showed that tobacco chewing protected and hypertension increased PD occurrence. Conclusion: This study documented lower prevalence and incidence of PD as compared with Caucasian and a few Oriental populations. The mortality rates were comparable. The decreased agespecific PR among slum populations and higher relative risk of death need further probing. Neurology ® 2010;75:1362-1369 GLOSSARY AAIR ϭ average annual incidence rate; AAMR ϭ average annual mortality rate; CI ϭ confidence interval; FSQ ϭ family screening questionnaire; ICC ϭ intraclass correlation coefficient; IR ϭ incidence rate; MD ϭ movement disorder; NSSO ϭ National Sample Survey Organization; OR ϭ odds ratio; PD ϭ Parkinson disease; PPS ϭ parkinsonism plus syndrome; PR ϭ prevalence rate; PRM ϭ Poisson regression modeling; RR ϭ relative risk; SP ϭ secondary parkinsonism; VA ϭ verbal autopsy.
Clinical Study of 668 Indian Subjects with Juvenile, Young, and Early Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, 2021
ABSTRACT:Objective:To determine the demographic pattern of juvenile-onset parkinsonism (JP, <20 years), young-onset (YOPD, 20–40 years), and early onset (EOPD, 40–50 years) Parkinson’s disease (PD) in India.Materials and Methods:We conducted a 2-year, pan-India, multicenter collaborative study to analyze clinical patterns of JP, YOPD, and EOPD. All patients under follow-up of movement disorders specialists and meeting United Kingdom (UK) Brain Bank criteria for PD were included.Results:A total of 668 subjects (M:F 455:213) were recruited with a mean age at onset of 38.7 ± 8.1 years. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of study was 8 ± 6 years. Fifteen percent had a family history of PD and 13% had consanguinity. JP had the highest consanguinity rate (53%). YOPD and JP cases had a higher prevalence of consanguinity, dystonia, and gait and balance issues compared to those with EOPD. In relation to nonmotor symptoms, panic attacks and depression were more common in YOPD and sl...
A door-to-door survey to estimate the prevalence of Parkinsonism in Pakistan
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2016
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in all races and cultures, and population-related differences in frequency may provide etiological clues. The present study was designed to explore the prevalence of PD and Parkinsonism in Pakistan, the world's sixth most populous country, for which no published prevalence data are available. Methods: We conducted a three-phase door-to-door survey in two districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, to assess the prevalence of PD and Parkinsonism in a sample of 4,000 individuals aged 50 years and above. Results: We identified 14 cases of Parkinsonism, eleven with a diagnosis of idiopathic PD. The overall prevalence estimates were 1.7/100 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9−2.46) for Parkinsonism and 1.28/100 (95% CI: 0.6−1.94) for PD in persons aged 65 years and above. The age-standardized prevalence of PD (aged 65 years and above), normalized to the USA population in 2000, was 1.33/100, which is similar to that observed in other human populations. Of the total 14 cases, five were newly diagnosed and four had a family history of PD. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence rates in Pakistan are similar to those observed in other human populations. The frequency of familial Parkinsonism is also equivalent to previous estimates.
A descriptive study on symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in an Indian cohort from Karnataka
Biomedicine
Introduction and Aim: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with ever-changing motor and nonmotor symptoms. Disease treatment is modified accordingly with the progression of the disease. The present study was carried out to understand the symptoms reported by PD subjects in different phases of the disease. Materials and Methods: Demographic and clinical details were obtained using questionnaires to evaluate the frequency and severity of various motor and nonmotor symptoms experienced by the PD subjects. Results: Ageing was strongly associated with the onset of disease, whereas the BMI category adversely correlated with other motor symptoms (OMS), nonmotor symptoms (NMS), and specifically gastrointestinal symptoms. Tremors were the most troublesome cardinal motor symptoms, followed by stiffness and bradykinesia. The most common NMS were fatigue/tiredness, anxiety/depression, insomnia, constipation, and cognitive impairment. Anxiety and depression...
Research in Parkinson′s disease in India: A review
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2015
treatment). The reference lists of included publications were also searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if: i) PD was evaluated in India. The exclusion criteria were: 1. Parkinsonism apart from PD such as atypical Parkinsonism and secondary causes, 2. Animal studies, 3. Case reports, and 4. Pharmaceutical trials. The search results have been given in Table 1. A total of 95 articles were according to the search criteria. The first published article from India on PD in indexed journals could be traced to 1988. In later years, the number of publications has steadily increased [Figure 1]. There are more publications in international journals (n = 76) than in national journals (n = 19). We attempted to categorize the articles on various aspects, such as clinical, epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, investigations, pathology, treatment, social issues, and physical rehabilitation. Of these, clinical aspects, nonmotor involvement
Prevalence of essential tremor in the city of Kolkata, India: a house-to-house survey
European Journal of Neurology, 2009
Background and purpose: Prevalence of essential tremor (ET), one of the most common movement disorders, has not been properly evaluated amongst heterogeneous population in India.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study on the prevalence of ET in a randomly stratified population in the metropolitan city of Kolkata (erstwhile Calcutta), India, by a field team headed by a specialist doctor. A two-stage house-to-house survey was carried out with a validated screening instrument.Results: A population of 52377 was screened and a total of 184 cases of ET were identified as per pre-defined criteria and the prevalence rate adjusted to World Standard Population was 3.95 per 1000 (95% CI: 3.40–4.56). Age-specific prevalence showed increasing prevalence with aging. Sex-specific prevalence did not show significant difference between men and women. Socio-economic factors appeared to influence the prevalence and risk of ET was higher amongst slum dwellers versus non-slum population (odd ratio-2.29). Family history was positive in about one-fifth of the cases.Conclusion: This study has documented that the prevalence of ET above 40 years in India is similar to that of many countries globally and common amongst slum dwellers and there are fewer familial cases.
A random sample survey for prevalence of major neurological disorders in Kolkata
Background & objectives: Large scale epidemiological studies on neurological disorders are very few in India. We therefore planned to conduct a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study on a stratified randomly selected sample from the city of Kolkata to study the prevalence of major neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, dementia and Parkinsonism. Methods: The method of case ascertainment was two- stage house-to-house survey; the first stage was undertaken by a field team consisting of four field workers and a neuropsychologist. Screening questionnaire based on National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) protocol was used. In the second stage a neurologist examined all the screened positive cases. Results: A total of 52,377 subjects participated in the study. The crude prevalence rates (per 100,000 population) of major neurological disorders with 95 per cent confidence intervals (95% CI) and age adjusted rates (AAR) based on US 2000 population were 557.5 (95% CI 496.17-624.40 and AAR - 516.77) in epilepsy, 486.85 (95% CI 377.0 to 551.11 and AAR-765.68) in stroke, 87.82 (95% CI 64.02-117.50 and AAR-168.4) in dementia and 45.82 (95% CI 29.64-67.63 and AAR-71.64) in Parkinsonism. The weighted prevalence rates (per 100,000) of the whole population based on re-screening of 10 per cent of negative samples were 763.89 (95% CI 690.55- 842.57) in epilepsy, 624.32 (95% CI 555.64-699.24) in stroke and 139.37 (95% CI 108.71-176.06) in dementia. Interpretation & conclusion: A high rate of stroke and overall lower prevalence of Parkinsonism and dementia was recorded as compared to western studies. High prevalence rate of stroke emphasizes the need to study incidence, morbidity and mortality profile of stroke including its socio-economic impact and also case-control analysis to determine the underlying risk factors.
A study on risk factors for Parkinson’s disease in Indian population
Bioinformation, 2014
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The exact cause of selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration is unknown, but it is supposed that etiology of Parkinson's disease is multifactorial and consists of an interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition. To find out the association between environmental factors and risk of Parkinson's disease, a case control study was designed including 97 Parkinson's disease patients and 97 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for Parkinson's disease. Results from the present study showed that gender, religion, education, place of living, occupation, dietary habits, tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol intake, and head injury had no association with PD. However, chemical exposure and well water drinking were significantly associated with PD, which concluded that environmental factors could act as a risk factor for PD in some way.
Journal of Biology and Life Science, 2012
The present survey aimed to study the age, gender, residency and occupation wise occurrence of Parkinson’s disease in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The Parkinson’s patients, who were visiting Neurology Department, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, were interviewed and the information were recorded in questionnaires. The age limit of patients was 30 to 80 years. The data obtained was analyzed for gender, age, occupation and residency wise occurrence of Parkinson’s disease. The survey showed that Parkinson’s disease is more common in male than in female. The elderly age group (61-70 years) and farmers were more affected. The disease was more common in rural areas than in urban. The current investigation analyzes the pattern of Parkinson’s disease and gives information about the related factors in the province.