Technological continuity and change in Late Bronze and Iron Age Plain Ware pottery from Sirkeli Höyük (Cilicia, southern Anatolia (original) (raw)
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European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics - EMAC , 2019
Sirkeli Höyük is one of the largest settlements in Cilician Plain (modern Ceyhan Plain) located in South Anatolia. The site was inhabited from Chalcolithic (ca. 5000 BC) to the Hellenistic period (300 – 100 BC). Bronze and Iron Age layers are the most substantial occupations of the settlement. In addition, the materials play a key role in not only in chronological and historical investigations but also in understanding the cultural relations of Cilicia with Central Anatolia and the neighbouring regions including Cyprus. Among various wares, Plain ware is chosen for this study as it is the most common and characteristic ware of Late Bronze and Iron Ages. In this paper we will report results of archaeometric analysis carried out on Plain (n=50) and Drab ware (n=10) from Sirkeli Höyük as well as local clay samples collected from the Ceyhan Plain. The aim is to identify the possible clay sources of the ware and to explore its production technologies throughout Bronze and Iron Ages to examine continuations and/or discontinuations in these aspects. To this end, we used LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) for elemental analysis, Petrography, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and (SEM) Scanning Electron Microscope techniques for identification of mineralogical composition and textural analysis of the samples. As a result, this paper reports about the identified possible clay sources and production technologies of Plain Ware together with the variations occurring due to chronological, geographical and geological factors.
We present the results of a comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical (archaeometrical) investigation of ceramics dating to the Early Bronze Age II (2600/2500-2200 BC) and the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1600 BC) from sites located in the Upper Meander Basin of Denizli province in southwestern Anatolia. We analyzed the mineralogical and petrographical characteristics of the samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy, and we examined the chemical compositions with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). In general, the primary components of the ceramics include coarse-grained quartz, biotite, muscovite, pyroxene, plagioclase, and metamorphic rock fragments; we estimate a firing temperature under 800°C. The ceramics appear to be locally manufactured, given the close relationship between their mineralogical properties and the local geological structure and topography. Our analysis indicates that people living in the mountainous, plateau, and lowland areas each preferred different clay deposits in their pottery production. All of these areas, however, shared similar production technologies.
2018
We present the results of a comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical (archaeometrical) investigation of ceramics dating to the Early Bronze Age II (2600/2500-2200 BC) and the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1600 BC) from sites located in the Upper Meander Basin of Denizli province in southwestern Anatolia. We analyzed the mineralogical and petrographical characteristics of the samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy, and we examined the chemical compositions with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). In general, the primary components of the ceramics include coarse-grained quartz, biotite, muscovite, pyroxene, plagioclase, and metamorphic rock fragments; we estimate a firing temperature under 800°C. The ceramics appear to be locally manufactured, given the close relationship between their mineralogical properties and the local geological structure and topography. Our analysis indicates that people living in the mountainous, plateau, and lowland areas each preferred different clay deposits in their pottery production. All of these areas, however, shared similar production technologies.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights This paper is a first report on the chemical analyses carried out on samples of North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware from Southeast Anatolia and on clay samples from the Pütürge Massif area, southeast of Malatya (Turkey), collected in the framework of the Southeast Anatolia Project (SOAP) of the Goethe University of Frankfurt/M. The chemical data obtained by applying wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectrometer were used to locate the provenance area of the raw clay source of non-calcareous North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware, which is a characteristic major feature of the population groups settling in Southeast Anatolia and Northeast Syria in the 3rd millennium B.C. The analytical results show that the raw clay source of the pottery derived from metamorphic rocks with felsic affinity (e.g., schist/slate or similar parent rocks). It is suggested that the similar metamorphic rocks exposed in the Pütürge Massif area may be the source for the non-calcareous clay of the North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware.
ADALYA , 2018
This article documents a Late Bronze Age II (1450-1200 B.C.) pottery kiln unearthed at Tatarlı Höyük, Adana (Turkey). This pyrotechnical installation, with its associated ceramic assemblage and production remains, offers an overview of the pottery kiln technologies in Cilicia during the end of the Late Bronze Age. The typological features of the Tatarlı Höyük pottery kiln presents encouraging similarities to northern Syrian and Mesopotamian updraft pottery kiln technologies rather than those of central Anatolia, even though the political and social influence of the Hittite Empire has been documented by ceramic and seal collections of the settlement. Bu makalede Adana Ceyhan Ovası’nda yer alan Tatarlı Höyük’te ortaya çıkarılarak, Geç Tunç Çağı II’ye (MÖ 1450-1200) tarihlenen bir keramik fırını konu edilmektedir. Beraberinde bulunan cüruf ve keramik parçaları ile birlikte bu piroteknik ünite, Geç Tunç Çağı’nın son dönemlerinde Kilikya Bölgesi’ndeki keramik fırını teknolojisini değerlendirme olanağı sağlamaktadır. Tatarlı Höyük keramik fırınının teknolojik ve tipolojik ögeleri, Kuzey Suriye ve Kuzey Mezopotamya ile önemli benzerlikler göstermekle beraber, İç Anadolu’da yer alan Hitit başkenti ve dönemin Ege Dünyası ile benzer bir ilişki gözlemlenememektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada, keramik ve mühür külliyatı ile MÖ 14-12.yy.’da Hitit İmparatorluğu ile yakın politik ve sosyal ilişki içerisinde olduğu belirlenen Tatarlı Höyük’ün, üretim birimleri bakımından daha ziyade Kuzey Suriye ve Kuzey Mezopotamya bölgeleri ile olan teknolojik ilişkisinin muhtemel sebepleri de tartışılmaktadır.
in: Manuelli F, Miele D.P. (eds), Late Bronze Age Painted Pottery Traditions at the Margins of the Hittite State, 2022
We investigated Late Bronze Age painted pottery (1700-1200 BC) from Arslantepe in the Malatya plain (Eastern Anatolia) through a multi-analytical approach combining technological macroscopic observations with petrographic, geochemical and micro-structural methods. Our results evidence a strong continuity with the painted wares of the Middle Bronze Age in terms of raw materials, paste recipes, forming techniques and painting procedures. Unlike the coeval unpainted pottery, the Late Bronze Age painted ceramics exhibit standardised paste recipes that relate to distinct local production circuits.
Fragments of possible fired clay found at Boncuklu Höyük, central Turkey, appear to derive from rudimentary vessels, despite the later ninth- and early eighth-millennium cal. BC and thus ‘Aceramic’ dates for the site. This paper will examine the evidence for such fired clay vessels at Boncuklu and consider their implications as examples of some of the earliest pottery in Anatolia. The discussion will examine contextual evidence for the role of these fragments and consider their relative rarity at the site and the implications for the marked widespread adoption of pottery in southwest Asia c. 7000–6700 cal. BC.
An emerging set of studies on the application of the potter’s wheel in the wider ancient Near East indicates that it was often employed in combination with other methods of pottery making, especially during the early stages of its use. Due to absence of research focusing on this topic, our knowledge of the early use and succeeding developments of wheel technology in central and western Anatolia (c. 2500-2000 cal BC) is at present very limited. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to supply additional information on the diversity of pottery-manufacturing techniques through X-ray analysis of ceramic samples recovered from the Early Bronze Age settlement layers of Küllüoba (Eskişehir, Turkey), a settlement mound with a long and well-documented stratigraphic sequence. The use of the potter’s wheel allowed pottery to be produced in larger quantities to meet an increasing demand, which hints at a new political and commercial formation, and its relatively early occurrence in Küllüoba seems to be contemporary with the appearance of archaeological evidence for long distance trade. The significance and appropriateness of using the term 'wheel-made' with regards to Anatolian EBA pottery — a term often linked with standardization and mass production — is also discussed.
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