Adult forensic age estimation using mandibular first molar radiographs: A novel technique (original) (raw)
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Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2020
Age estimation is a vital part in many of forensic investigations, be it for the dead or living. Despite its importance, accuracy of age estimation has always been an issue in legal matters, especially in the adult population. This study has been conducted on a North Indian adult population, furthering the research on formulated odonto-metric indices and their variation among the population, with the aim of establishing their suitability for estimation of age in the population under study. The two methods employed on first and second molars were tooth coronal index (TCI) and pulp chamber tooth height ratio (PCTHR). Of the two teeth, the second molar was found to have a significant correlation compared with the other one and the TCI was found to be marginally better than PCTHR when applied on second molars. The error ranges for TCI (first molar and second molar) and PCTHR (second molar) methods were found to be same, i.e. ±7 years. The choice of an age-group specific method is important for the most accurate and reliable dental age estimations in forensic contexts.
Comparison of the validity of two dental age estimation methods :A study on South Indian population
Background: Forensic odontologists are often confronted with the problem of estimating age for the identification of unknown bodies or skeletal remains of accidents, crimes and disaster victims. Teeth have the benefit of being preserved long after other tissues have disintegrated and present the only means for age estimation. Different techniques have been published for dental age estimation with variable accuracy, precision and reliability. The search for an optimal method by forensic odontologists has continued over the years until the present day. Aim: The present study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the accuracy of age estimation using translucent dentin and cemental annulations. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 freshly extracted teeth were obtained, and longitudinal ground sections were prepared. The length of the translucent dentin was measured and cemental annulations were counted in each section and the age was calculated separately for both the methods. Results and Conclusion: The present study suggests that both the methods are reliable in the middle age groups; whereas the large error obtained in the extreme age groups indicate that translucent dentin method should be preferred in older age group and cemental annulations method in the younger age group before the formation of translucent dentin. Key words: Age estimation, cemental annulations, translucent dentin
Applicability of Pulp Tooth Area Ratio in Age Estimation using Mandibular Premolars
Orthodontic Journal of Nepal
Introduction: Age estimation is an important parameter in forensic for identification of individuals. Cameriere developed pulp tooth area ratio as age estimation method in Orthopantomogram. Objective of this study was to use Pulp tooth area ratio of mandibular premolars and derive population-specific equations for age estimation. Materials and Method: A retrospective study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital from June 2021 to November 2021 after ethical clearance no 10/021. Total 392, Orthopantomograms of patients aged 17- 50 years with mandibular premolars were retrieved from Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The radiographic images were saved as JPEG file and images of premolars were processed using Image J software. Pulp and tooth area were measured and their ratio was calculated. Result: There were 178 males and 214 females with mean age of 22.39 years. Paired T tests showed good intra observer a...
Assessment of age with mandibular first molar: An orthopantogram study
Dental and Medical Problems, 2017
Background. Assessment of age plays an important role in identifying living beings as well as the dead. Comparing different body parts for age estimation, teeth show the least changes after death and can also be checked in living individuals. This helps in forensics as well as in studying growth. Objectives. The aim of this study was assess the age for Indian individuals from mandibular first molars using orthopantogram. Material and methods. Orthopantograms were obtained from 370 Indian subjects in the age group 6-40 years. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 samples; a study sample (n = 240) and a test sample (n = 130). A regression equation to calculate age was generated from the PCTHR (pulp chamber crown root trunk height ratio) and applied on the test sample to check for reliability of the equation. Results. There was a significant negative correlation between actual age and PCTHR (r =-0.765: p = < 0.0001) in the study group. The regression equation generated from the study sample was calculated age =-94.627 × (PCTHR) + 43.585. When used on the test sample, the calculated age showed no statistically significant difference with the actual age (p = 0.076). The mean difference between actual and calculated age was 3.275 ± 2.188 years. Conclusions. The method of using PCTHR can be applied correctly to assess the age of Indian individuals.
Background: In recent years, the estimation of age in living individuals have become important to solve judicial or civil problems. Secondary dentin deposition occurs as the age advances and can be measured by calculating the reduction in pulp chamber through Noninvasive radiograph techniques. Aim: The aim is to derive precise population specific formulae for age estimation. Materials and Methods: Digitalized Orthopantomography of 150 subjects, was retrieved. The subjects were divided into study and test group. Pulp tooth area ratio was recorded from the maxillary canine and pulp chamber crown root trunk height ratio was recorded from a mandibular first molar. Statistical Analysis: Regression equation was derived from study group subjects and this equation was used to estimate the age of subjects in the test group. Results: No significant differences were seen between mean chronological age and mean estimated age (p-value-0.157). Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was estimated to be 2.76 years. The percentage of estimated ages in test sample < ± MAE was 72%. The difference was higher in the group I and II (p-value-0.001 and 0.002) Conclusion: The equation derived from the anterior and posterior teeth together gave more accurate results in the present study. The prediction accuracy can further be enhanced by using multiple teeth or by utilizing other linear measurements in the same teeth.
International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2020
Forensic age estimation, after completion of third molar mineralization, regressive features such as apposition of secondary dentin, which is seen as narrowing of the pulp space in the radiographs, can be used as an alternative. In the present study, we explored the radiographic visibility of the root pulp of mandibular first molars using stage classification of Olze et al. (Int J Legal Med 124(3):183-186, 2010) in a sample of 901 orthopantomograms (404 males and 497 females) of south Indian origin with age ranging from 14 to 22 years. Descriptive statistics for the stages according to age was performed for both sexes separately. The strength and direction of the relationship between the chronological age and pulp visualization stages was tested using spearman's rho correlation statistics. The relationship between age and stage attainment showed statistical significance for both sexes. A strong, positive correlation was seen between the stage and chronological age. All males and females presenting stage 0 of root pulp visibility were younger than 18 years. If stage 1 is determined, it is highly possible that an individual regardless of sex is younger than 18 years. Stage 2 was attained in 79.6% males and 83.1% females who were at least 18 years. One hundred percent males and 92.8% females with stage 3 were at least 18 years. The accuracy of this method in mandibular first molars for estimating age threshold of 18 years ranged from moderate to high. However, it is recommended to use this method in conjunction with other age estimation methods.
Age estimation using development of third molars in South Indian population: A radiological study
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2015
Aim: To assess the estimation of chronological age based on the stages of third molar development following the eight stages (A-H) method of Demirjian et al. in Chennai population of South India. Materials and Methods: A sample consisting of 848 individuals (471 males and 377 females) aged between 14 and 30 years was randomly selected for the clinical evaluation and 323 orthopantomograms with clinically missing third molars were taken for radiological evaluation using Demirjian's method from a Chennai population of known chronological age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test and mean values were compared between the study groups using t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's highly significant difference (HSD). In the present study, P < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: The results showed that the mean age of having clinically completely erupted maxillary third molars was 22.41 years in male subjects and 23.81 years in female subjects and that of mandibular third molars was 21.49 years in male subjects and 23.34 years in female subjects. Mandibular third molars were clinically missing more often in females than in males. Eruption of mandibular third molars was generally ahead of the emergence of maxillary third molars into the oral cavity. Third molar development between male and female subjects showed statistically significant differences at calcification stage F and stage G in maxillary third molars and stage F in mandibular third molars (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There are differences indicating that maxillary and mandibular third molar eruption reached Demirjian's formation stages earlier in males than in females. It is suggested that in future studies, to increase the accuracy of age determination, indications of sexual maturity and ossification should also be evaluated in addition to third molar mineralization.
A Comparative Study Of Age Estimation Methods In Forensic Odontology
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results
Aim: The purpose of the research was to assess the Demirjian method's applicability and compare it to Indian methods for estimating dental age in participants enrolled in an Indian dentistry school.Materials and Methods: The research comprised 250 participants, 130 boys, and 120 females, aged 7 to 18 years, who had orthopantomography. The subject's chronological age was reported using their birthdate. Utilizing Demirjian's and Indian formulae, dental age was calculated. The collected data was all placed into a spreadsheet and put through statistical analysis.Results: The research sample's mean chronological age was 12.39 ± 3.32 years, whereas the mean ages determined using Demirjian's approach and the regression formula customized for India were 11.56 ± 3.17 years and 14.20 ± 3.24 years, respectively. Demirjian's technique in this research underestimated dental age in men by 0.84 years and in females by 0.83 years (P 0.05). Males' dental ages were overest...
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2020
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the applicability of Demirjian, Willems, and Haavikko methods of dental age estimation in southeastern (Dravidian ethnicity) and northwestern regions (Aryan ethnicity) of the Indian population. Materials and methods: The study includes the orthopantamographs (OPGs) of 303 individuals (173 males and 130 females) of age ranging from 5 to 14 years. The participants in the present research were evaluated under two study groups: group I: participants of the southeastern region and group II: participants of the northwestern region. Dental age was calculated using Demirjian, Willems, and Haavikko methods and compared with the chronologic age of each participant. The accuracy of dental age estimation methods was evaluated by mean absolute error. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t tests were used to test the significant difference between the chronologic age and estimated dental ages. Results: The Demirjian method showed overestimation, while Willems and Haavikko methods showed underestimation for boys and girls in both the ethnic groups of Indian population. The Willems method of dental age estimation showed accurate and reliable results in both the ethnic groups of the Indian population. Conclusion: The dental age estimation by Demirjian, Willems, and Haavikko methods showed no significant variation between the different ethnicities of the Indian population. Clinical significance: The present research will be helpful in pedodontic, orthodontic, and forensic investigations for accurate and reliable dental age estimation in different parts of Indian population.