Use of New BTH Derivative as Supplement or Substitute of Standard Fungicidal Program in Strawberry Cultivation (original) (raw)
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Benzothiadiazole induces the accumulation of phenolics in strawberry
2007
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) enhanced the accumulation of soluble and cell-wall-bound phenolics in strawberry leaves and also improved the resistance to powdery mildew infection under greenhouse conditions. The most pronounced change was seen in the levels of ellagitannins, which increased up to 2-to 6-fold 4 days after the BTH application, but persisted only in the inoculated plants. The induction of phenolic metabolism by BTH was also reflected in the fruits, several compounds being increased in inoculated, BTH-treated plants. Basal salicylic acid (SA) content was high in strawberry leaves, but increased in a similar fashion to other phenolics after the treatments. Several phenolic compounds were identified in strawberries for the first time. For example, ellagic acid deoxyhexose, three agrimoniin-like ellagitannins, sanguiin H-10-and lambertianin C-like ellagitannins in the leaves, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and kaempferol hexose in the cell-wall-bound fraction of the leaves, and kaempferol malonylglucoside in the fruits. The findings show that BTH can enhance the accumulation of phenolics in strawberry plants which may then be involved in the BTH-induced resistance to powdery mildew.
A Review on the Application of Benzothiadiazole in Plant Diseases Management
Plant Pathology Science
The use of plant defense activators is a novel method of plant diseases management in recent years. Benzothiadiazole (BTH), is the first synthetic plant defense activator. In general, Benzothiadiazole has no direct effect against the pathogens, but it can activate the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, against a number of plant diseases. In addition, BTH widely is used to protect the plants against a range of pathogens on wheat, tomato, bean, tobacco, lettuce, banana and pears. In overall, Benzothiadiazole can be used as a safe and reliable product for plant protection and also as an alternative for chemical pesticides, which they have hazardous effects on environment.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) enhanced the accumulation of soluble and cell-wall-bound phenolics in strawberry leaves and also improved the resistance to powdery mildew infection under greenhouse conditions. The most pronounced change was seen in the levels of ellagitannins, which increased up to 2-to 6-fold 4 days after the BTH application, but persisted only in the inoculated plants. The induction of phenolic metabolism by BTH was also reflected in the fruits, several compounds being increased in inoculated, BTH-treated plants. Basal salicylic acid (SA) content was high in strawberry leaves, but increased in a similar fashion to other phenolics after the treatments. Several phenolic compounds were identified in strawberries for the first time. For example, ellagic acid deoxyhexose, three agrimoniin-like ellagitannins, sanguiin H-10-and lambertianin C-like ellagitannins in the leaves, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and kaempferol hexose in the cell-wall-bound fraction of the leaves, and kaempferol malonylglucoside in the fruits. The findings show that BTH can enhance the accumulation of phenolics in strawberry plants which may then be involved in the BTH-induced resistance to powdery mildew.
Antifungal activity of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid on postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruits
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1996
2,5-Dimethoxybenzoic (DMB) acid was tested as an antifungal compound to control the postharvest decay pathogens of strawberry fruits. The compound completely inhibited in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer at a concentration of 5 × 10 -3 M. The effect of DMB acid treatments on the decay of strawberry fruits, stored at 20°C or at 3°C plus a period of simulated shelf-life storage, was investigated. A marked reduction in decay development was observed when commercially harvested strawberries were dipped or sprayed with 10 -z M DMB acid. Its practical use on berries under field conditions has been also tested. The best results were obtained when fruits were dipped for 1 minute in 10 -2 DMB acid in combination with 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20.
Efficacy of Four In Vitro Fungicides for Control of Wilting of Strawberry Crops in Puebla-Mexico
Applied Sciences, 2022
Strawberry wilt is an established disease of strawberry crops caused by fungus Fusarium solani. In Mexico, strawberry cultivation represents an important productive activity for several rural areas; however, wilt disease affects producers economically. The objectives of this research were: (a) to identify and morphologically characterize strain “MA-FC120” associated with root rot and wilting of strawberry crops in Santa Cruz Analco, municipality of San Salvador el Verde, Puebla-Mexico; (b) to evaluate the potential of single and multiple applications of four broad-spectrum fungicides used against F. solani in vitro. Plant tissue samples were collected from strawberry crops in Puebla-Mexico with presence of symptoms of desiccation and root rot. Strain “MA-FC120” was identified as F. solani, being the causal agent of wilt and root rot in strawberry plants from Santa Cruz Analco. Fungicide Benomyl 50® showed the highest percentage of inhibition on F. solani (100%) under in vitro condit...
New twelve benzimidazole derivatives that are recently published were evaluated for their fungicidal activity. Such compounds having numerous functional groups attached to C-2 of benzimidazole ring. The mentioned substitutes are thiocarbamate, thiophosphate, phenylamine and other different phenoxy groups. The evaluation process was carried out on Penicillium digitatium and Penicillium italicium fungi that affect badly on the storage process of citrus. Data obtained revealed that, the sensitivity of fungi to the tested compounds depends on the functional groups belt in the benzimidazole ring system and the type of fungi. Generally, some thiophosphate, flouro and nitrochlorophenoxy derivatives were found to be highly active towards the tested fungi.
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2013
Greenhouse-cultivated tomato, bean and cucumber suffer great economic losses due to grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea. Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a chemical analogue of salicylic acid that induces resistance in a variety of plants by activating the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of foliar applications of different concentrations of BTH on resistance to B. cinerea in these plants and on plant vegetative and generative growth. Leaf treatments with 1 up to 50 mg/l BTH resulted in increased protection of tomato against B. cinerea. However, on bean and cucumber, only concentrations of 250 mg/l and higher, strongly reduced susceptibility against B. cinerea. Moreover, BTH concentrations above 100 mg/l had a significant negative effect on plant height, flower and fruit numbers in bean and cucumber plants under pathogen-free conditions, whereas in tomato only the highest BTH dose (1000 mg/l) resulted in a significant negative effect on vegetative and generative growth. We hypothesize that the protective effects observed on bean and cucumber plants treated with higher levels of BTH are due to a general stress response, which is distinctly different from the BTH-induced resistance observed in tomato at lower concentrations of the compound without negative effects on plant growth.
Evaluation of CAY-1, an Experimental, Natural Fungicide, for Control of Strawberry Pathogens
Acta Horticulturae, 2009
CAY-1 is an experimental, natural product being tested as a potential fungicide. This saponin isolated from Capsicum frutescens interacts with membrane sterols causing leakage of cell components and ultimately cell death in a variety of fungi. CAY-1 and the commercial fungicide captan were tested in an in vitro doseresponse dilution-broth assay. They caused at least 85% growth inhibition of the fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides when tested at 3.0 μM. Even though CAY-1 strongly reduced the growth of these fungal pathogens in laboratory assays and prevented anthracnose development in detached leaf assays, it did not control foliar or fruit rot diseases of strawberry in field trials.
Fungicidal evaluation for new ten benzimidazole derivatives, belonging to three different functional groups attached to C-2 of benzimidazole ring system, was carried out in this study aginst four pathogenic fungi. The tested fungi are Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporium, Botrytis allii and Aspergillus niger. Some of the investigated compounds possessed promising antifungal activities. Structural activity relationship was discussed in this work. The most reactive derivative was formulated in the form of 10% Emulsifibale Concentrate (EC). The new formulation was re-evaluated and its activity was compared with the standard fungicide. Field performance efficacy of the local formulation against some pathogens that cause bulb rotting of onion during storage was also investigated. Data obtained under laboratory conditions showed that, some new benzimidazoles possessed high biological impacts. Local formulation showed also higher activity than that of the standard fungicide
2012
Excessive vegetative growth may bring about improper pollination and consequently lead to reduced fruit set and misshapen fruits. Paclobutrazol (PP333) reduces vegetative growth. On the other hand, balanced nutrient uptake at all developmental stages increases fruit quality and yield. An experiment was conducted with the aim of reducing vegetative growth and improving yield of strawberry, Selva cultivar, using combinations of PP333, boron and zinc. Results indicated that PP333 reduced vegetative growth by reducing both fresh and dry weights of shoots while simultaneously some such reproductive characters as inflorescence and fruit number were increased. Boron (H 3 BO 3) alone had no effect on reproductive growth. A combination of PP333 plus B (100-00 mg l-1) was the most effective in increasing fruit number as well as fruit weight. Paclobutrazol combined with zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4) at concentrations of 100-100 mg l-1 PP333×ZnSO 4 had positive effects on reproductive growth including inflorescence number and yield. Zink sulphate at concentration of 100 mg l-1 with no PP333 and H 3 BO 3 application increased yield, inflorescence and fruit number as compared with other treatments.