Production Review of Accelerator-Based Medical Isotopes (original) (raw)
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Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology, 2012
Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclotron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic procedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by providing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams servicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclotrons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new generation of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.
Production of Medical Isotopes With Electron Linacs
2017
Radioisotopes play important roles in numerous areas ranging from medical treatments to national security and basic research. Radionuclide production technology for medical applications has been pursued since the early 1900s both commercially and in nuclear science centers. Many medical isotopes are now in routine production and are used in day-to-day medical procedures. Despite these advancements, research is accelerating around the world to improve the existing production methodologies as well as to develop novel radionuclides for new medical applications. Electron linear accelerators (linacs) are unique sources of radioisotopes. Even though the basic technology has been around for decades, only recently have electron linacs capable of producing photons with sufficient energy and flux for radioisotope production become available. Housed in Argonne National Laboratory's building 211 is a newly upgraded 50 MeV/30-kW electron linear accelerator, capable of producing a wide range ...
DYNA, 2022
Linac 7 consists of a new generation linear proton accelerator completely designed and built at the Beam Laboratory (IZPILab-Beam Laboratory) of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. One of the most important health applications conceived within the Linac 7 project is the production of pharmaceuticals of various species, locally around large clinical centers. Currently, medical radioisotopes are manufactured externally to hospitals and involve the use of distant, expensive and complex infrastructures. This results in long transports, production of large doses of radioisotopes that decay rapidly over the several hours of transport, and also usually only elements with sufficient half-life for use as appropriate pharmaceuticals can be used, with no other options. Our compact Linac 7 linear accelerator allows the manufacture of multiple types of radioisotopes locally and tailored to the corresponding biomedical needs, including specific doses of pharmaceuticals for patients, on ...
Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences), 2012
⎯We describe a technique of obtaining radioactive 99m Tc isotope by irradiation of molybdenum with high-intensity beam of bremsstrahlung photons from the electron beam of the linear electron accelerator (LUE50) of the Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (ANSL, former Yerevan Physics Institute). We have elaborated and created an experimental plant for development of 99m Tc production technology. Upgrading of linac has been performed aimed at raising the beam intensity and density. A system of automated control of the parameters of the plant and accelerator was built up. We carried out preliminary studies of 99m Tc obtaining technique and give quantitative and qualitative results.
Production of medical radioactive isotopes using KIPT electron driven subcritical facility
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2008
Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) of Ukraine in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has a plan to construct an electron accelerator driven subcritical assembly. One of the facility objectives is the production of medical radioactive isotopes. This paper presents the ANL collaborative work performed for characterizing the facility performance for producing medical radioactive isotopes. First, a preliminary assessment was performed without including the self-shielding effect of the irradiated samples. Then, more detailed investigation was carried out including the self-shielding effect, which defined the sample size and location for producing each medical isotope. In the first part, the reaction rates were calculated as the multiplication of the cross section with the unperturbed neutron flux of the facility. Over fifty isotopes have been considered and all transmutation channels are used including (n, g), (n, 2n), (n, p), and (g, n). In the second part, the parent isotopes with high reaction rate were explicitly modeled in the calculations. Four irradiation locations were considered in the analyses to study the medical isotope production rate. The results show the self-shielding effect not only reduces the specific activity but it also changes the irradiation location that maximizes the specific activity. The axial and radial distributions of the parent capture rates have been examined to define the irradiation sample size of each parent isotope.
Design of High Energy Linac for Generation of Isotopes for Medical Applications
2021
After successful implementation of 6 and 15 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) technology for Cancer Therapy in India, we initiated the development of high energy high current accelerator for the production of radioisotopes for diagnostic applications. The accelerator will be of 30 MeV energy with 350 µA average current provided by a gridded gun. The linac is a side coupled standing wave accelerator operating at 2998 MHz frequency operating at p/2 mode. The choice of p/2 operating mode is particularly suitable for this case where the repetition rate will be around 400 Hz. Klystron with 7 MW peak power and 36 kW average power will be used as the RF source. The modulator will be a solid-state modulator. The control system is FPGA based setup developed in-house at SAMEER. A retractable target with tungsten will be used as a converter to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung. The x-rays will then interact with enriched 100Mo target to produce 99Mo via (g, n) reaction. Eluted 99mTc wil...
2013
The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron (UWCC) is a Scanditronix MC50 compact cyclotron installed in 1983. The cyclotron has now been in operation for 30 years and has been used to treat approximately 3000 patients. Its primary purpose is the production of 50.5 MeV protons used to bombard a beryllium target to produce neutrons for fast neutron therapy. The unique nature of the cyclotron is its variable frequency Rf system, and dual ion source chimneys; it is also capable of producing other particles and energies. Our facility is now sharing beam time among multiple users: Fast neutron radiotherapy. Development of a Precision Proton Radiotherapy Platform. In vivo verification of precision proton radiotherapy with positron emission tomography. Routine production of 211-At. Routine production of 117m-Sn. Cyclotron based 99m-Tc production. Cyclotron based 186-Re production. Proton beam extracted into air, demonstrating a visual Bragg peak. Neutron hardness test...
Cyclotron production of 99mTc: an approach to the medical isotope crisis
2010
From the Newsline editor: Strategies to counter increasingly challenging and unpredictable medical isotope supply shortages have ranged from proposals to build new networks of nuclear reactors to requirements for higher levels of coordination and cooperative planning among existing international producers. Here, a group of Canadian academic and industry researchers propose a different solution with potential for near-term implementation.