Performance Analysis of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Airfoil NACA 4412 (original) (raw)
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Aerodynamic Design and Blade Angle Analysis of a Small Horizontal–Axis Wind Turbine
The wind turbine blades are the main part of the rotor. Extraction of energy from wind depends on the design of the blade. In this paper, a design method based on Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is explained for small horizontal– axis wind turbine model (HAWT) blades. The method was used to optimize the chord and twist distributions of the wind turbine blades to enhance the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine and consequently, increasing the generated power. A Fortran program was developed to use (BEM) in designing a model of Horizontal–Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). NACA 4412 airfoil was selected for the design of the wind turbine blade. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of HAWT blade cross section was carried out at various blade angles with the help of ANSYS Fluent. Present results are compared with other published results. Power generated from wind turbine increases with increasing blade angle due to the increase in air– velocity impact on the wind turbine blade. For blade angle change from 20° to 60°, the turbine power from wind has a small change and reaches the maximum when the blade angle equals to 90°. Thus, HAWT power depends on the blade profile and its orientation.
The Aerodynamic Performance of the Small-Scale Wind Turbine Blade with NACA0012 Airfoil
CFD Letters
Small-scale wind turbine (SSWT) has been the subject of intensive research to complement its large-scale counterpart especially for usage in low wind speed regions. Two important issues that plague the development of the SSWT are its low in power coefficient especially due to the low Reynold’s number () condition that it’s operating in and the start-up difficulty that it faces. In this paper, the blade element momentum theory (BEMT) has been used to analyse a small-scale wind turbine having 3 m diameter. The airfoil used is the NACA 0012. The simplified experimental based equations have been used to determine the coefficient of lift, and coefficient of drag, of the airfoil. A developed MATLAB’s code applying the basic BEMT method is used. The results of aerodynamic performances including power coefficient, power and thrust are given as a function of wind speed, tip speed ratio (TSR) and Reynold’s number. It shows that at the minimum wind speed of 3 m/s, the wind turbine can have pow...
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2011
The basic principle of wind turbine converting wind energy into electricity comes from the lift produced by the air flowing through the rotor. The shape of rotor blade plays an important role in determining the overall aerodynamic performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine. In this work, blade is designed for a 5KW horizontal axis wind turbine which is already in market. For designing blade, blade element momentum theory (BEMT) is used and a computer program is developed to automate the complete procedure. Two NACA airfoils are taken for the comparative calculation of elemental power coefficient and other parameters such as chord, thickness and twist distribution. The airfoil taken for designing the blade is same from root to tip. Stresses are maximum at the blade root. In this work, the blade root is thickest portion of the blade and twist is maintained such that the angle of attack will be maximum at every station of the blade. In the designed blade, the elemental power coefficient is maximum in transition segment. The present method is useful for predicting the performance of wind turbine blade.
Design and Implementation of the Rotor Blades of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
2018
Since the renewable resources of energy have become extremely important, especially wind energy, scientists have begun to modify the design of the wind turbine components, mainly rotor blades. Aerodynamic design considered a major research field related to power production of a small horizontal wind turbine, especially in low wind speed locations. This study displays an approach to the selection of airfoil and blade design utilized in small horizontal wind turbines with low cut-in speed and with no gear box. Modeling of the flow depends on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and theory of Blade Element Momentum (BEM) methodologies. QBlade used (BEM) for wind turbine simulation and integrated with XFOIL for airfoils design to ensure the requested characteristics for wind turbine performance. MATLAB is used to calculate the final design parameters to be modeled in SOLIDWORK. The flow dynamics are explored with the aid of ANSYS Fluent 16. The application of specially designed blades gr...
Characteristic Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Airfoil NACA 4712
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology, 2019
Wind energy has been developed and used as a source of electrical energy by converting wind energy into electrical energy using a generator. There are some wind turbine parameters that important for wind turbines design and model, includes the size of the rotor radius, airfoil selection, chord length, and pitch angle. The study aims to characterize the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine using computational methods. The methods used a design and simulation of NACA 4412 and NACA 4712 airfoil using QBlade software using wind conditions in the region of Pancer, Jember. Results show that the maximum Cl value of NACA 4712 is higher than in NACA 4412. NACA 4712 has a maximum Cl value = 1.696 at α = 14 o while NACA 4412 airfoil has a maximum value of Cl = 1.628 at α = 15 o. NACA 4712 has the maximum value of Cl/Cd = 153 at α = 2 o , while the NACA 4412 has a maximum value of Cl/Cd = 133.5 at α = 5.5 o. The maximum value of Cl/Cd 4712 is higher than the NACA 4412. At 7.66 m/s of wind speed with 10% turbulence conditions, wind turbines with NACA 4712 airfoil have Cp turbine performance parameters of 0.49929 and obtain a power of 1.15 kW, while wind turbines with NACA 4412 have Cp turbine performance parameters of 0.395365 and obtained power of 0.889 kW at the same wind speed.
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering
The present work is based on the comparative study between "Blade-Element-Momentum" (BEM) analysis and "Computational-Fluid-Dynamics" (CFD) analysis of small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine blade. In this study, the pitch is considered as fixed and rotor speed is variable. Firstly, the aerodynamic characteristics of three different specialized airfoils were analyzed to get optimum design parameters of wind turbine blade. Then BEM was performed with the application of the open source wind turbine design and performance computation software Q-Blade v0.6. After that, CFD simulation was done by Ansys CFX software. Here, k-ω "Shear-Stress-Transport" (SST) model was conducted for three-dimensional visualization of turbine performance. However, the best coefficient of performance was observed at 6˚ angle of attack. At this angle of attack, in the case of BEM, the highest coefficient of performance was 0.47 whereby CFD analysis, it was 0.43. Both studies showed good performance prediction which was a positive step to accelerate the continuous revolution in wind energy sector.
Energies, 2013
Three different horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) blade geometries with the same diameter of 0.72 m using the same NACA4418 airfoil profile have been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The first is an optimum (OPT) blade shape, obtained using improved blade element momentum (BEM) theory. A detailed description of the blade geometry is also given. The second is an untapered and optimum twist (UOT) blade with the same twist distributions as the OPT blade. The third blade is untapered and untwisted (UUT). Wind tunnel experiments were used to measure the power coefficients of these blades, and the results indicate that both the OPT and UOT blades perform with the same maximum power coefficient, C p = 0.428, but it is located at different tip speed ratio, λ = 4.92 for the OPT blade and λ = 4.32 for the UOT blade. The UUT blade has a maximum power coefficient of C p = 0.210 at λ = 3.86. After the tests, numerical simulations were performed using a full three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using the k-ω SST turbulence model. It has been found that CFD predictions reproduce the most accurate model power coefficients. The good agreement between the measured and computed power coefficients of the three models strongly
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2022
This paper presents rotor power optimization of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine of various parameters such as airfoil, angle of attack, and wind speed. Simulation of HAWT rotor power uses Blade Element Momentum (BEM). Furthermore, optimization using the Taguchi method with L16(4 3) orthogonal array. The parameters used in this study were: airfoil NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 4412, NACA 2412, NACA 4412-NACA 2412, NACA 4412mod-NACA 2412mod; angle of attack 3˚, 4˚, 5˚, 6˚; and wind speed of 5, 6, 7, 8 (m/s). The simulation uses the general parameter at 1 MW HAWT. Several types of NACA airfoil, angle of attack, and wind speed were simulated, then optimized to obtain optimal parameters for the HAWT output power. The results of this study found the most optimal rotor power, namely the condition of the NACA 4412mod-NACA 2412mod airfoil, 3˚ angle of attack, and 8m/s wind speed. Wind speed is the most significant influence factor based on ANOVA analysis ranked 1st based on S/N ratio analysis, 2nd rank is an airfoil, and 3rd rank is the angle of attack. The higher the wind speed, the greater the rotor power generated.
Small Wind Turbine Blade Design and Optimization
Symmetry
This work aims at designing and optimizing the performance of a small Horizontal-Axis-Wind-Turbine to obtain a power coefficient (CP) higher than 40% at a low wind speed of 5 m/s. Two symmetric in shape airfoils were used to get the final optimized airfoil. The main objective is to optimize the blade parameters that influence the design of the blade since the small turbines are prone to show low performance due to the low Reynolds number as a result of the small size of the rotor and the low wind speed. Therefore, the optimization process will select different airfoils and extract their performance at the design conditions to find the best sections which form the optimal design of the blade. The sections of the blade in the final version mainly consist of two different sections belong to S1210 and S1223 airfoils. The optimization process goes further by investigating the performance of the final design, and it employs the blade element momentum theory to enhance the design. Finally,...
With the shortage of fossil fuels, alternative energy has been thrust into the national spotlight as a major necessity in order to keep up with the increasing energy demands of the world. Wind energy has been proven one of the most viable sources of renewable energy. A wind turbine is a rotary device that extracts energy from the wind. Rotor blade is a key element in a wind turbine generator system to convert wind energy into mechanical energy. In this paper rotor blade is made up of single airfoil NACA 0018. The CFD analysis of NACA 0018 airfoil is carried out at various blade angles at 32 m/s wind speed. The analysis showed that blade angle 10º gives optimum power. The pressure and velocity distributions are plotted. These results are compared with wind tunnel experiment values.