Molecular and genetic characterization of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Venezuela (original) (raw)
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Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2013
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have been frequently reported worldwide. They represent a serious concern because of the limited therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of 14 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) producers among 345 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems recovered from 11 separate hospitals in southern Brazil. The bla KPC-2 gene was detected in 14 isolates (4 %): six Enterobacter cloacae, five K. pneumoniae and three Serratia marcescens. Most of these isolates exhibited high-level resistance against β-lactams and ciprofloxacin, while the most active drugs were polymyxin B and amikacin. Genetic environment analysis, based on the classical Tn4401 structure, revealed six distinct platforms. Plasmids carrying bla KPC-2 were not typable and most were approximately 20 kb. Only KPC carbapenemases were found among the isolates studied, highlighting the local relevance of...
Detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a public healthcare center from Venezuela
Journal of infection in developing countries, 2020
INTRODUCTION The dramatic increase in the prevalence and clinical impact of infections caused by Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria in the nosocomial setting in Latin America represents an emerging challenge to public health. The present study detected carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in patients from a Hospital from Venezuela, by phenotypic and genotypic methods. METHODOLOGY The bacterial identification was carried out using conventional methods. The resistance to carbapenems was performed by Kirby-Baüer disk diffusion method, according to CLSI recommendations. The modified Hodge Test, double-disk with phenylboronic acid, double-disk with EDTA and Blue Carba Test were performed to detect phenotypic carbapenemase producers. The carbapenemase-encoding genes blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-2, blaOXA-3, blaOXA-15 and blaOXA-21 were determined. RESULTS The bacterial species identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (181), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (51), and Acinetobacter bau...
J Pure Appl Microbiol, 2019
The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a worldwide emerging public health threat responsible for large number of nosocomail infections. Metallo-β-lactamases including IMP, VIM, and NDM as well as carbapenem hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (OXA-48 like) are the predominant types that confer resistance to Carbapenem group of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to identify the carbapenemase encoding genes among Gram negative bacteria isolates. 42 isolates were identified depending on routine morphological tests followed by species identification using the VITEK 2 system. The 16S rDNA gene sequence was used for confirmation of the detection of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using VITEK 2 system. For phenotypic detection of carbapenemase activity, modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) was performed. The carbapenemases encoding genes (bla iMP , bla sPM , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla KPC , bla BIC , bla OXA , bla AiM , bla siM , bla GiM , bla DIM) were amplified by PCR and the amplified products were sequenced. Forty two Gram-negative bacteria isolates including 25 of P. aeruginosa (59.5%) and 17 of Enterobacteriaceae family (40.4%) were identified. According to PCR-based method results, carbapenemase gene bla OXA-48 was detected in 31(73.8%) of isolates, bla VIM in 23 (54.7%) and bla NDM in 2(4.76%) of isolates. Twelve (28.5%) of isolates harbored a combination of bla OXA-48 and bla VIM , (2.4%) coexistence bla OXA-48 and bla NDM gene and (2.4%) of isolates harbored a bla OXA-48, bla VIM and bla NDM genes. No other carbapenemase genes were identified. Based on the present study, it was concluded that the high prevalence was in bla OXA-48 gene, followed by bla VIM gene among carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria isolates.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a great scourge on human health, exacerbated by the acquisition of resistance to carbapenems, the last resort treatment for infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of genes encoding ESBL and carbapenemase production in Gramnegative bacteria from clinical samples in Lagos state, Nigeria.Method: A total of 107 bacteria cultures were obtained from hospitals and clinical diagnostic laboratories. Isolate identification, antibiotics susceptibility testing, and phenotypic detection of ESBL production were done using standardized procedures. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on ESBL-producing isolates to detect blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA.Result: Among the 107 cultures, 83 isolates were obtained with 55 being Gram-negative. Escherichia coli (22; 40%) was the most prevalent species followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7; 13%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 34 (62%) of the isolated bacteria with 14 (26%) not susceptible to meropenem. ESBL production was detected in 42 (76%) of the isolates of which 23 (55%) strains harboured one or more of the genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M. The carbapenemase genes blaKPC and/or blaVIM were observed in 11 (26%) isolates. No isolated bacteria were found to harbour blaIMP and/or blaOXA.Conclusion: Genes encoding ESBL and carbapenemase production were detected in samples of human origin in Lagos state. Novel antibiotics and/or alternative therapy are necessary for infection therapy in the near future.
2020
BackgroundCarbapenems have been the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, during recent years, carbapenems resistant bacteria have emerged significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.ResultsOf the total 1,151 clinical samples, 253 (22.0%) showed growth positive. Of them, 226 (89.3%) were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Among the 226 isolates, 106 (46.9%) were multidrug-resistant. Of the 106, 97 (91.5%) isolates showed resistance to at least one of the carbapenem used. Among the 97 isolates, 67 (69.1%) showed MHT positive results. bla-VIM and bla-IMP were detected in 40 and 38 isolates, respectively.ConclusionThis study determined the higher prevalence of MDR and carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriacea...
Genotypic characterization of K. pneumoniae and E. coli carbapenemases isolated from pediatric samples at the Hospital General de Enfermedades (Atena Editora), 2023
Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Among the priority pathogens defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are enterobacteria resistant to carbapenems (CRE), which increase hospitalization time, cost and mortality and reduce therapeutic options. The early detection of the type of Carbapenemase allows guiding therapeutic approach, knowing epidemiology, controlling intra-hospital infections and avoiding outbreaks. The objective was to genotypically characterize CRE carbapenemases from pediatric samples from a Third Level Hospital in Guatemala. The study was descriptive, observational, cross-sectional. Of the patients admitted to the Pediatric area from 12/01/2019 to 12/31/2020, the E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains whose MIC showed resistance to imipenem and/or ertapenem were analyzed. Genotypic identification was performed by amplification of the target genes (blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48 and blaIMP gene) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (GeneXpert® Carba-R). The data was processed with SPSS. 62 strains of K. pneumoniae and 24 strains of E. coli resistant to carbapenems were analyzed. 96.77% and 95.83% respectively presented at leastone type of gene evaluated, the most prevalent was blaNDM (59/60, 98.33% and 22/23, 95.65% respectively). One strain of K. pneumoniae presented blaKPC-type carbapenemase and one strain of E. coli presented blaNDM and blaKPC. No genes for VIM, IMP, or OXA-48 carbapenemases were found. The service with the most isolations was the Intensive Care Unit. More than 33% of CRE were recovered from urine cultures. The genotypic characterization evidenced the presence of the blaNDM gene in more than 95 % of the CRE isolated from pediatric samples from a Third Level Hospital in Guatemala
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase Production Among Gram-Negative Bacteria in Saudi Arabia
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2015
We characterized the molecular basis of carbapenemase production in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients from Saudi Arabia in the year 2012. Isolates were collected from across the Kingdom and phenotypically tested for carbapenemase production. Polymerase chain reaction detection of carbapenemase genes was also performed. Our results indicate that in Saudi Arabia, OXA-48 and NDM-1 are the dominant carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae with low prevalence of VIM. The latter is the most prevalent metallo-beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas oxacillinases, OXA-23 in particular, are the dominant carbapenemases in Acinetobacter baumannii. No KPC or IMP genes were detected. Our study is the first report of OXA-48, NDM-1, and VIM-4 enzymes in Enterobacter from the Kingdom. Also it is the first report of OXA-72 and NDM-1 in A. baumannii in Saudi Arabia, and the coexistence of bla OXA-23 and bla NDM-1 genes in this species in the country. Awareness of the role of international travel in the spread of carbapenem-resistant determinants in the Kingdom, as well as effective infection control interventions in hospitals and strict antimicrobial stewardship in healthcare facilities and the community are keys to combat the rise of carbapenemase producers in the Kingdom.
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2020
Objective. To characterize carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients treated at a hospital in Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela. Methods. This was a retrospective study conducted at the general hospital in Cumaná where 58 K. pneumoniae strains were analyzed for resistance to antimicrobials, specifically carbapenems, in January – June 2015. Production of metallo-β-lactamases and serine carbapenemases was determined by the double-disc synergy test, using EDTA-sodium mercaptoacetic acid and 3-aminophenyl boronic acid discs, respectively. Multiplex-PCR was used to detect genes coding for carbapenemases. Molecular typing using ERIC-PCR determined the presence of clones. Results. Four strains of K. pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems were identified. Phenotypic methods for detection of metallo-β-lactamases and serine carbapenemases were positive, and PCR demonstrated the co-presence of blaNDM and blaKPC genes in all four strains. ERIC-PCR identified two clones circulatin...
Predominance of KPC-3 in a survey for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Portugal
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2015
28 Among the 2105 Enterobacteriaceae tested in a survey done in Portugal, 165 were 29 non-susceptible to carbapenems, from which 35 (26 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 30 Escherichia coli, 2 Enterobacter aerogenes, 3 Enterobacter cloacae and 1 Klebsiella 31 oxytoca) were confirmed to be carbapenemase-producers, by the presence of 30 32 Tn4401d-bla KPC-3 , 4 intI3-bla GES-5 and one intI1-bla VIM-2 , alone or in combination with 33 other bla genes. The dissemination of bla KPC-3 gene carried by an IncF plasmid 34 suggests lateral gene transfer as a major mechanism of dissemination. 35 36 37 38 39 60 Madeira) participated in this survey. 61 Screening of carbapenem susceptibility, performed by disc diffusion method 62 according to the French Society for Microbiology (http://www.sfm-microbiologie.org/), 63 revealed that 165 (7.8%) isolates were ertapenem-non-susceptible and were selected 64 for further analysis. In addition, clinical isolates showing inhibition of carbapenemase, 65 by the synergy between carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem and/or ertapenem) and 66 179 1. Nordmann P, Naas T, Poirel L. 2011. Global spread of carbapenemase-180 producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emerg Infect Dis 17:1791-1798. 181 2. Carattoli A. 2013. Plasmids and the spread of resistance. Int J Med Microbiol 182 303:298-304.
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2014
This is the first study, to our knowledge, performed on a significant number of strains (79 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and 84 carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, GNRs) isolated from tissue samples taken from patients in the intensive care units of two large hospitals in Bucharest, Romania, between 2011 and 2012. The results revealed a high prevalence and great diversity of carbapenemase genes (CRG), in both fermenting and non-fermenting Gram-negative carbapenem-resistant strains. The molecular screening of carbapenem-resistant GNRs revealed the presence of worldwide-distributed CRGs (i.e. blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae and blaOXA-23, blaVIM-4, blaOXA-10-like, blaOXA-60-like, blaSPM-like and blaGES-like in non-fermenting GNRs), reflecting the rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemase producers, particularly in hospitals. Rapid identification of the colonized or infected patients is required, as are epidemiological investigations to establish the local or imported origin of the respective strains.