Cadmium-induced changes in the corpuscles of Stannius of a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (original) (raw)
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Environmental …, 2009
Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC50) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected on 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, ultimobranchial glands were fixed on these intervals. The plasma calcium levels of short-term cadmium-exposed fish remain unchanged after 24 h. The levels exhibit a progressive decrease from 48 h onwards. The fish exposed to cadmium for 7 days exhibit a decrease in the plasma calcium level. Thereafter, the levels progressively decrease till the end of the experiment (28 days). Up to 72 h exposure of the fish to cadmium, the ultimobranchial gland exhibits no histological change. After 96 h, a decrease in the staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells has been noticed. The nuclear volume of these cells records a slight decrease. Up to 14 days of cadmium exposure, there is no change in the histological structure of ultimobranchial gland. After 21 days following the exposure, the ultimobranchial cells exhibit a slight decrease in the staining response of the cytoplasm and the nuclear volume of these cells records a decrease. Following 28 days cadmium exposure the nuclear volume exhibits a further decrease, and degeneration and vacuolization sets in. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
2015
Cadmium is an important metal for modern industrial processes and being biologically non-essential poses health hazards to the organisms. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of cadmium exposure on the histo-cytology of prolactin cells in the fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50 ) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50 ) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, pituitary glands were fixed on these intervals.The plasma calcium levels of short-term cadmium exposed fish remain unchanged after 24 h. The levels exhibit a progressive decrease from 48 h onwards. The fish exposed to cadmium for 7 days exhibit a decrease in the plasma calcium level. Thereafter, the levels progressively decrease till the end of the ex...
Cell Biology and Toxicology, 1996
The differential cytotoxic effects of cadmium on fish and mammalian epithelial cells in established and primary culture were assessed by looking at the reduction of the colony-forming ability and reduction in the extent of growth. The influence of medium composition on the toxicity of cadmium was also studied using serum-free and serum-containing media. The experiments using immortalized cell lines showed that mammalian cells were more sensitive than fish cells to cadmium. Both cell types were grown at the same serum concentration. However, using the normal primary system, human epithelial tissue explants showed less sensitivity to cadmium than did similar cultures from rainbow trout. It is likely that cellular mechanisms of cadmium resistance in the different cell types are responsible for these effects. As expected, cadmium proved to be more toxic when tested in serum-free medium. With fish skin primary cultures, reduction of cell numbers was observed at concentrations as low as 5 gmol/L in serum-free medium compared to 100 gmol/L in serumcontaining medium. This was found to be due to the reduction in the activity of free cadmium ions, caused by the presence of serum in the medium. It is concluded that serum-free formulations are probably preferable when testing pollutants in vitro. The results highlight the importance of establishing species-specific pollution tests and standardizing variables. In summary, the results show species and culture media differences in cadmium toxicity and suggest that caution is required when extrapolating results for pollutant effects from one in vitro system to another.
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Th e genotoxic eff ects of sublethal doses of cadmium in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus was investigated using micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) tests. For this reason, the fi sh were exposed to medium changes of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L doses of cadmium (Cd) during an average treatment period of 10 days. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 10th days of the test period, the erythrocytes, including the micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities such as lobbed nuclei (LB), blebbed nuclei (BL), and notched nuclei (NT), were counted and pointed out. As a positive control, a 4 mg/L dose of cyclophosphamide was used. Exposure to doses of cadmium caused signifi cantly increased (P < 0.05) micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of fi sh. It was also observed that the application of a 1.0 mg/L dose of Cd produced more of an eff ect on MN frequencies than the application of a 0.5 mg/L dose. Th e maximum frequencies of MN were recorded on the fourth day of the experiment period. Exposure to doses of cadmium caused signifi cantly increased (P < 0.05) NA (LB, BL, and NT) frequencies and, as with the MN results, the 1.0 mg/L dose of Cd had more of an eff ect than the 0.5 mg/L dose on NA frequencies. Th e maximum frequencies of NAs were recorded on the fourth day of the experiment. As a result of these doses of Cd, the MN and NA frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of fi sh were observed to increase in relation to both the time and dose applied. However, a gradual trend of decrease was also observed starting from the sixth day.
Aquatic Toxicology, 1989
Dreissena polymorpha, a freshwater bivalve, was exposed to dissolved CdCI2 (100/lg Cd/1) for periods of 1, 2, 3 or 4 wk. Cadmium accumulation was followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the localization of Cd was investigated with a sulphide-silver technique (SST). During the exposure period the soft body accumulated Cd in a linear way, while the shells reached a saturation level after 3 wk. In exposed mussels treated with the SST, reaction products were present in nearly all tissues. The cellular localization and the amount of reaction products varied according to the type of tissue and the duration of exposure. After one week, reaction products indicative for the presence of free or loosely bound Cd were present in granular structures and in the cytoplasm of all epithelia that had been in direct contact with the Cd-contaminated water. After longer exposure times, the epithelial cells as well as the underlying connective tissue became completely filled with reaction products. In the digestive tract, reaction products were confined mainly to granular structures in the epithelial cells. They became prominent after 3 or 4 wk of exposure. Among the internal organs, the excretory system showed a reaction pattern largely comparable to that of the epithelia which had been in direct contact with the Cd-contaminated water. Apart from the pericardial gland, which represents the site of ultrafiltration, the appearance of reaction products in the cytoplasm of the kidney cells was retarded. In the epithelial lining of the gonads and in neural tissue, diffusely distributed reaction products were observed only after longer exposure times. Gametes and muscular tissue, except for the ventricular muscle, remained free of reaction products. Structural damage related to the Cd-exposure was restricted to the pericardial gland.
Respiratory and hematological response of tench, Tinca tinca (L.) to a short-term cadmium exposure
Aquaculture International, 2006
The effects of 3 h exposure to 96hLC50 of cadmium (4.5 mg dm)3) on oxygen consumption rate, and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, erythrocyte and leukocyte pattern) of juvenile tench were evaluated. Oxygen consumption significantly decreased beginning from 24 h postexposure, and remained reduced until the end of the experiment (96 h postexposure). RBC gradually increased, together with the percentage of juvenile cells in circulation. On the other hand, cadmium induced damage to the red cells-the share of cellular anomalies significantly increased with time postexposure. They included abnormal cell shape, vacuolization, swelling, chromatin disintegration in the nucleus, and nucleus indentation. The exposed fish showed a gradual and significant decrease in WBC without a shift of lymphocyte/neutrophil proportion. No significant changes in thrombocyte count occurred. The results show that short-term exposure to cadmium reduced fish energetic metabolism, and suppressed immune abilities. The symptoms gradually developed after the end of exposure, and no recovery took place until 96 h.
We evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the structure and function of the head kidney in the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum (C. macropomum). Juveniles were exposed to 0.1 mg/L CdCl 2 for 31 days. Blood samples were examined using hematological tests and head kidney histology was determined by light microscopy. The concentration of Cd in the head and trunk kidneys was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cd produced histopathological changes in the head kidney, the most evident of these being: the thickening of the vein wall, an increase in the number of basophils/mast cells close to blood vessels and a severe depletion of hematopoietic precursors especially the granulopoietic series. In the blood, a decrease in the total leucocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed. Cd-exposed fish showed higher Cd concentrations in the trunk kidney than the head kidney. In conclusion, exposure to Cd affected precursor hematopoietic cells in C. macropomum. Introduc...
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 2016
The worldwide decline in amphibian populations has made heavy metal pollution a subject of interest. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of sublethal doses of cadmium (Cd) on the liver, kidney, and blood of Rhinella arenarum specimens. Serum markers indicative of hepatic injury (gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, pseudo cholinesterase, and total cholesterol) and markers of renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, calcium, and glucose) showed variation in animals treated with a 0.5 mg/kg dose compared to controls. Histopathological images revealed alterations in the liver (hepatocyte ballooning and hyperplasia of Kupffer cells) and kidney (renal tubular lumen dilation with tubular necrosis) of animals with abnormal serum markers. The above-mentioned lesions were more evident with the 5 mg/kg dose. With the 0.5 mg/kg dose, hematological values remained normal with the exception of the leukocyte formula. Animals treated with 5 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in both white and red blood cell counts and hematocrit and hemoglobin values. Differential leukocyte counts showed neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphopenia. Morphological aberrations were found in white and red blood cells. Results indicated that the evaluation of morphological and functional parameters in kidney, liver, and blood is required in order to monitor amphibian populations exposed to chemical contaminants.