The effect of diazotrophs on grain yield of spring wheat (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effects of diazotrop on quality of wheat and land grain in sustainable wheat production
2018
Wheat is the important crop in the diet of the population. The production of wheat for flour is represented on all continents, and in undeveloped areas of the world it takes up 85% of the total production. In the program for the creation of new varieties of wheat, it was constantly working on increased yields, then on introducing the genes for resistance to pathogenic organisms. Today, it works to create varieties that are tolerant to abiotic factors and to increase the resistance to low temperatures, and resistance to drought. This is very topical in recent years when climate change has become more pronounced. Considering the importance of wheat as bread grain in human nutrition, it is necessary to develop methods in primary wheat production to maintain / improve the quality and quantity of wheat, while reducing the possibility of degradation of production characteristics of the soil. In addition to quantity, the quality of wheat is defined by proteins found in grains at an average...
Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017", 2018
The influence of Raskila bioorganic fertilisers on the productivity of conventional winter wheat 'Olivin', was investigated in order to stimulate and save synthetic herbicide Arrat and fungicide Tango Super for spring spraying. Scheme of treatment: 1. Control; 2. Winter wheat sprayed (BBCH 20-29) with fertilizer Raskila 3 l ha-1 ; 3. Winter wheat sprayed (BBCH 20-29) with Arrat 0.2 kg ha-1 +Tango super 1.5 l ha-1 ; 4. Winter wheat sprayed (BBCH 20-29) with Arrat 0.2 kg ha-1 +Tango super 1.5 l ha-1 +Raskila 3.0 l ha-1 ; 5. Winter wheat sprayed (BBCH 20-29) with Arrat 0.1 kg ha-1 +Tango super 0.75 l ha-1 +Raskila 3.0 l ha-1. The best result in the period of 2014-2016 was received after application of the following combination in spring: Arrat + Tango super + Raskila. This combination allows to reduce the rate of pesticides in half (50%), the differences compared to control are significant, statistically reliable. A statistically significant increase in the following winter wheat 'Olivin' quality parameters was found: protein 13.1-14.8%, gluten 24.3-29.7%, number of falls 228-292 s, starch 65.7-70.0%. Application of Raskila fertilizers has raised the grain quality class. The best results were in variants 3 and 4, where the I class of grain quality was achieved. Combination of Raskila fertilisers and pesticides: herbicide Arrat and fungicide Tango super statistically significantly increased the following winter wheat 'Olivin' characteristics-plant height 101.2-104.2 cm, ear length 6.9-7.1 cm, grain number per ear 28,96-30.02, grain yield 6.71-7.03 t ha-1. Application of Raskila fertilizer 1.0 l ha-1 and herbicide Arrat 0.1 kg ha-1 decreased the number of weeds from 62.5 to 57.6 units per m 2 and the weed weight decreased from 41.30 to 33.70 g m 2. Stronger wheat crop overshadowed weeds better. Combination of Raskila and Tango super reduced the prevalence and severity of diseases in winter wheat such as Septoria spp., Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Erysiphe graminis, powdery rust (Puccinia recondita).
Biological nitrogen fixation is an environmental friendly process for improving crop yield and maintaining soil health. A study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria on growth promotion of maize under glass house conditions. Seven free living diazotrophic isolates viz. Xanthomonas sp., Beijerinckia indica, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Pseudoxanthomonas suwonensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from rhizosphere of wheat. All these isolates were able to produce ammonia and IAA, while some isolates solubilised P and produced siderophores. The inoculation of maize with diazotrophic bacteria resulted in increase in all the seed germination and plant growth promoting parameters as compared to the uninoculated control. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Beijerinckia indica were found to be the best for improving seed germination as well as promoting plant growth of maize. So these bacteria can be used as inoculants for improving plant growth and sustaining soil health.
The importance of diazotrophs as biofertilisers in the maize and soybean production
Genetika, 2007
The contemporary food production requires the preservation of soil productivity with the simultaneous maintenance of the yield level accomplished with the appropriate fertilizing. The maize and soybean production is unimaginable without fertilizers and the application of information within the filed of nitrogen fixation. The application of fertilizers has been increasing. Diazotrophs are microorganisms with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to convert it in forms available to plants. Therefore, effects of different rates of mineral nitrogen (80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 in maize and half of the mentioned rates in soybean), as well as, maize seed bacterisation with the associative species (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Klebsiella planticola, Beijerinckia derxi) and soybean with the symbiotic species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and their mixture on soil biogeny and yield quality and quantity were studied. The studied parameters in maize had higher values under...
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE, 2017
Experiment was conducted using near isogenic lines of Mercia background in a controlled environment to evaluate the mean effect of timing of inoculation and subsequent increase in temperature on deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration, amount of DON per grain and grain weight. The experiment was completely randomised consisting of three genotypes differing in semi-dwarfing alleles; Mercia 0 {Rht-B1a + Rht-D1a (wild type)}, Mercia 1 (Rht-B1b) and Mercia 2 (Rht-D1b) and four inoculation timings. The experiment was a complete factorial combination with four randomised replicates. Data showed that genotype differed in DON concentration (P<0.001), DON per grain (P=0.006) and mean grain weight (P=0.001) while time of inoculation influenced mean grain weight (P<0.001) and DON Concentration (P<0.001) but not Don per grain (P=0.23). Temperature influenced mean grain weight (P=0.002) with high temperature adversely affecting the size of the wheat grains.
Diazotrophs associated with non-legumes grown in sandy soils
… in plant and soil …, 1998
This study was carried out to monitor the effect of introducing single and multiple strains of diazotrophs to plant systems (wheat and barley) under gnotobiotic conditions. The relative scarcity of nutrient supply and maintenance requirements under the present experimental conditions resulted in slower growth and much longer doubling time compared to those found in their respective batch cultures. Single inoculations significantly enhanced the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in both plant systems compared to non-inoculated controls. Among tested diazotrophic strains, cells of Azospirillum spp. and Azotobacter spp. were superior in their ARAs, being higher with barley than with wheat seedlings. Increases in total dry weight of plants between 16.8% and 78% were achieved in the wheat system and between 54.5% and 68% in the barley system, with the highest-value being for Azospirillum spp. and Pseudomonas spp. treatments, respectively. It was observed that the type of plant host has a pronounced effect on cell growth and the type of interactions between the two diazotrophic candidates inoculated jointly into wheat and barley systems. Similar to dual inoculation, the doubling time of each candidate increased when inoculated as a mixed inoculum of three or four diazotrophs into the wheat system, and decreased in the barley system.
— Rotation with leguminous crops to break non-legume monocultures has been established to benefit the latter. The lacking information on this cultivation system in stressed environments encouraged the implementation of two field trials in two different locations of Ismailia desert soils. The experimental design included the cultivation of wheat subsequent to peanut in presence of diazotroph inoculation and N fertilization. Bradyrhizobial inoculation of the legume in combination with 50 kg N acre-1 resulted in the highest total biological yields of 4.24 and 5.01 kg plot-1 at the experimental sites 1 and 2, respective seed yields of 1.46 and 1.61 kg pot-1 were recorded. In case of the cereal crop, the measured acetylene reducing activities in soils of associative diazotroph-inoculated plants together with 50 kg N acre-1 were the highest being 515.8-886.2 and 616.7-1066.2 nmoles C2H4 g-1 h-1 at locations 1 and 2 respectively. The enzymatic activity of fallow-cultivated wheat generally represented ca. 95 % of that in subsequent to peanut. Irrespective of inoculation and N fertilization, the wheat biomass yield increases in residual effect-field over the fallow one were 6.4-35.1 % and 4.6-38.5 % at experimental sites 1 and 2 respectively. Increase percentages of 3.1-26.6 and 6.9-44.7 were scored as well for grain yield. The beneficial residual effect of the legume to the succeeding cereal was also extended to protein yields, increases of 4.0-14.2 % and 4.5-7.6 % were estimated for grain protein as well as 8.3-24.1 % and 8.1-35.3 % for straw protein yield. The findings of this study proved that the positively yield turnover of a legume is extended to the subsequent non-legume. Besides, the beneficial residual effects of legumes toward rotated non legumes could be magnified by diazotroph inoculation together with adequate N supply particularly in stressed environments represented, in the present study, by Ismailia sandy soil.
Herbicidal Effect on the Growth and Yield of Wheat
Hossain, M. I., Haque, M. E., Sayre, K .D., Gupta, R.K., Talukder, S. N., Islam , M.S., and Sobahan, M.A. 2009. Herbicidal effect on the growth and yield of wheat. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 4(5):01-04.