Heavy Metal Contamination and Its Risk for Swampy Agricultural Soils of Keffi, Nasarawa West, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Asian Oncology Research Journal, 2020
Heavy metals are divided according to their need for different organisms. Risks of heavy metal contamination in Soil-Pant System through the application of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are essential to plants, animals and humans and Selenium (Se) are essential only to animals and humans, while chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are essential to humans and plants. This study aimed at evaluating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of the study area using X-Ray fluoroscopy. The results show that, mean concentration levels of heavy metals in soil from Nasarawa State varied significantly and decreased in order of Cd(524.5) > Zn(502.8) > Ni(462.1) > Cu(314.1) > Pb(295.5) > Cr(278.1) > As(13.5). The Hazard Quotient (HQ) for both adults and children in terms of ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways were all recorded to be lower than unity. The Total Risk and the Hazard Index (HI) were also recorded to be 1.1 x 10-2 and 1.4 x 10-1 respectively, values less than unity. This makes non-carcinogenic effects insignificant to the population and may not poses serious non-carcinogenic effects in the area under study.
International Research Journal of Oncology, 2020
Swampy agricultural soils could be contaminated as a result of accumulation of heavy metals through emission from industrial areas, mines tailings, metal wastes, gasoline, paints, fertilizers, manure, sewage sludge, pesticide, waste water irrigation, coal combustion residue, spillage of petrochemicals and atmospheric deposition. This study aimed at evaluating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of the study area using X-Ray fluoroscopy. The results showed that, mean concentration level in the area was in decreasing order Cu(342.2) > Cr(486.6) > Ni(339.1) > Zn(421.6) >Pb(331) > Cd(336.6) > As(31.7). The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was all recorded to be low except ingestion adult which was higher than unity. The Hazard Index (HI) was also recorded to be 2.3 a value greater than one (>>1). This makes non-carcinogenic effects significant to the Original Research Article Rilwan et al.; IRJO, 3(2): 1-12, 2020; Article no.IRJO.56777 2 population and poses serious effects in the area under study. The total excess life cancer risk was found to be (5.0 x 10-2), a value greater than that of U.S (1.0x10-4 to 1.0x10-6) and above that of South Africa (5.0x10-6). This implies that there is a probability that one person in 1,000 may be affected. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the soils and the crops cultivated at the sample locations is recommended.
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2019
The study was to identify the source and evaluate the health risk of heavy metals in contaminated agricultural soil from Egi community (Oboburu, Obagi and Ogbogu), Niger Delta, Nigeria. Multivariate and health risk equations were employed to achieve this. The mean of heavy metals in samples of Oboburu indicated high levels for Fe (271.0±156.6 mg/kg), Pb (111.2±94.97 mg/kg), and Mn (27.92±23.80 mg/kg), Obagi was high for Fe (248.4±175.9 mg/kg), Mn (80.46±12.40 mg/kg), and Co (116.3±193.7 mg/kg), and Ogbogu was high for Fe (160.9±150.3 mg/kg), Co (240.1±412.1 mg/kg), and Mn (42.90±16.82 mg/kg) respectively. Geo-accumulation index indicated that Pb, Cd and Co was of high contamination and the enrichment factor showed that metals were of anthropogenic sources. The Principle component analysis revealed three (3) components accounting for 88.448%, which revealed that the contamination in the sample was more of anthropogenic than biogenic. The Cancer Risk estimate for children population was of high risk for Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb (10-5 to 10-6) while adult population was 10-6 and lower. The non-carcinogenic risk indicated highest value for children in Co (2.75), Pb (1.70E-1) and Fe (1.32E-1), while adult in Co (1.007) and Fe (3.29E-2). The findings suggest human activities have contributed greatly to the contamination of the agricultural soil and usage of such may be of risk to the users.
SPR, 2021
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the hazard Index and Incremental life cancer risks associated with heavy metal contaminations of the soil for residents in the country. Many scientific articles have been accessible online in the Nigeria were evaluated for the estimation of [Hazard Index and Incremental Life Cancer Risk] for individual heavy metals. The heavy metals considered in this work are; [Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd)] The concentrations of these metals were obtained from the literature and modeled for, hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (ILCR) via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal pathways for adults following the United State Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] method. The hazard index for all the exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact) was found to be 21914, 1020.7, 580.8, 2.641, 0.272, 0.05165, 0.021, and 0.011[mg/kg/day], for Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd respectively. United States EPA considered an overall hazard index value of 1.0 as an acceptable threshold below which no observable clinical effect was reported. In order of magnitude: Fe \u003e Mn \u003e Cr \u003e Pb \u003e Cu \u003e Zn \u003e Ni \u003e Cd, Fe, Mn, and Cr have the highest Hazard Index in all the soil samples analyzed by different researchers in the country. In all the heavy metals reviewed, the Cd has the highest Incremental Life Cancer Risk followed by Cr, Pb, and Ni. This indicated that most of the areas are highly polluted with Cd, Cr, and Pb. Therefore, dwellers of the locations may likely be affected with cancer due to the ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact with metals. The Overall results suggested that there is probable adverse health effects to an exposed population in all locations reviewed. Therefore, an effort will be made to prevent the transfer of heavy metals in the soil to the surrounding environment should be encouraged and soil remediation to further reduce the concentration of heavy metals needs to be effected immediately at root level.
Environmental and health risk posed by heavy metals from municipal landfill cannot be over emphasized. However, the toxicity and fate of metal in the soil is dependent on its chemical form and therefore quantification of the different forms of metal is more meaningful than the estimation of its total concentration. This study investigated the chemical form and potential hazards of heavy metal pollution at two municipal landfills in Sagamu, Ogun state, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected around the landfills and chemical form of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Fe were studied, using the Tessier Five-step sequential chemical extraction procedure. The results showed that Cu and Fe were speciated into residual fractions with averages of 23.9 and 31.3% respectively, while Cd and Zn were associated with Carbonate fractions with respective averages of 20.3 and 20.6%. The order of mobility and bioavailability of these metals are: Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Fe. A comparison of the result of total extractible metals with standard set by USEPA reveals that Cd and Cu level in the dumpsite soils are far above the critical permissible limit of 3.0 and 250 mg kg −1 , respectively which potent a health risk. Assessment of soil pollution level using geoaccumulation index (I geo) revealed that the landfill was extremely polluted by Cd (I geo > 5). Pearson correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were no significant correlations (p < 0.05) among all the metals, suggesting that they are all from different anthropogenic sources. The cancer risk ranged from 1.36E−01 to 2.18E−04 and 5.82E−01 to 9.35E−04 for Children and Adult respectively. The level of cancer risk falls above the threshold values (10 −4 –10 −6) which US Environmental Protection Agency considered as unacceptable risk. Based on the above findings, it was suggested that environmental management policy should be implemented to decrease the environmental risks.
Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research
This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metal pollution of Agricultural soils, Katsina State Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The heavy metal contamination of the soil samples were analyzed based on the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI)) to evaluate the possible non-carcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risk to the population. The results of the study had revealed that in the soil samples all the evaluated heavy metals lie within acceptable limits as set by the regulatory agencies. The evaluated soil samples pollution indices had revealed that the I-geo values for the soil samples were within the range of unpolluted to moderate pollution. Also, the heavy metal enrichment factor (EF)...
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Swampy Agricultural Soils in Nasarawa West, Nigeria
2018
In this study, the health risk caused by heavy metals in swampy agricultural soil of Nasarawa west was assessed. A total of 50 soil samples from five local government of Nasarawa west (10 from each) were collected and analyzed for Asernic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nikel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) present in the samples using XRF Spectrometry at Center for Energy Research and Development (CERD) in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile lfe. Osun State, Nigeria. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were then used to calculate the health risk for adults and children. The result show that the concentrations are in the order of Ni> Cd> Zn>Pb>As which are all below the permissible level except for As which appear to be higher than the permissible levels. The Hazard Index (HI) of all the pathways for adults and children were found to be 1.55 and 12.19 respectively. These values are greater than 1 which is the tolerance level for both adults and children. These makes noncarcinoge...
Heavy Metal Contamination in Swampy Agricultural Soils of Kokona, Nasarawa, Nigeria
Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, 2020
Absorption of heavy metals through swampy agricultural soils may have serious consequences on human health. Present study determined the levels of Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) using X-Ray Spectrometry in 10 swampy agricultural soils. The result of this study revealed that, the heavy metals with their respective concentrations (Cr (278.1), Ni (462.1), Cu (314.1), Zn (502.8), As (13.5), Cd (524.5) and Pb (295.5)) were found in the soil samples in mg/kg. It also pointed out that the concentration of the heavy metals in the all soil samples for all locations in decreasing order was Cd > Zn >Ni > Cu >Pb > Cr >As. The concentration in swampy agricultural soils from Kokona was obviously higher than the safe limit set by the regulatory bodies which may be because of the geological activities in the studied area. Hence, heavy metals accumulation in swampy agricultural soils is a big concern in Kokona where people's daily meal largely contains rice or rice based products which are mostly cultivated in swampy agricultural soils.
IDENTIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF KARU, NASARAWA, NIGERIA
Nigerian Journal of Physics, 2020
Absorption of heavy metals through swampy agricultural soils may have serious consequences on human health. Present study determined the levels of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry in 10 swampy agricultural soils. The result of this study revealed that, the mean concentration of various heavy metals along with their respective concentrations (Cr (421.6), Ni (342.2), Cu (486.6), Zn (339.1), As (31.7), Cd (331) and Pb (336.6)) were found in the soil samples in mg/ kg. It also revealed that the mean concentration of the heavy metals in all the soil samples for all points arranged in decreasing order is Cu > Cr >Ni > Zn >Pb > Cd >As. The concentration in swampy agricultural soil of Karu. Nasarawa, Nigeria was obviously higher than the safe limit set by the regulatory bodies which may be related to the geological strata and pollution of the studied area. Hence, heavy metals accumulation in swampy agricultural soils is a big concern in Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria where people's daily meal largely contains rice or rice based products which are mostly cultivated in the swampy agricultural soils.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2016
Risk characterization of the agricultural soils in the mining areas of Singhbhum copper belt was done by determining the total concentrations of metals by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and assessing the potential ecological and human health risk. The concentrations were above the average shale values for most of the metals. Principal component analysis showed anthropogenic contributions of Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb and Cr in the soils. Ecological risk assessment revealed that 50% of the soil samples were at moderate to very high ecological risk. Health risks for adults and children were quantified using hazard quotients (HQ), hazard index (HI) and Cancer risks for the oral, dermal and inhalation pathways. The HQs for all the metals except As and Co were below 1, which suggested that non-carcinogenic risks of metal exposure to soils were generally assumed to be safe. However, considering all the metals and pathways, the HI for adult and children was 0.71 and 5.61, respectively suggesting appreciable risk to local