Toxic Implications of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Loko and Mararraba in Nasarawa State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Journal of Radiation and Nuclear Applications, 2021
Water is an essential component of life, fresh water constitutes about 3% of the total water on the earth, only 0.01% of this fresh water is available, with two thirds of the earth covered by water and the human body consisting of 75% of it, it is obvious that, water is one of the prime elements responsible for life. Present study aimed at assessing the heavy metals concentration in water sources across Ushata and Rafin Tsamiya using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES). The result revealed that, heavy metals for Ushata and Rafin Tsamiya in mg/L (Zn (0.2 and 0.09), Cd (0.00 and 0.00), Fe (0.06 and 0.05), Cu (0.01 and 0.02), Pd (0.02 and 0.08), Ni (0.001 and 0.004) and Mn (0.038 and 0.058)) respectively were present in the water. It can be concluded that the mean concentration is insignificant and the water in those areas is considered a good water, though, on accumulation, heavy metals may have much impact radiation burden of the populace, hence, gross alpha and beta in the area is recommended.
Toxic Implications of heavy metals
Fudma journal of Science, 2022
Metals are substances with high electrical conductivity, malleability, and luster, which voluntarily lose their electrons to form cations. This study aimed at assessing the Toxic implications of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Loko and Mararraba in Nasarawa using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES). The results showed that, seven heavy metals along with their respective concentrations for both Loko and Mararraba in mg/L (Zn (0.19 and 0.23), Cd (0.00 and 0.00), Fe (0.05 and 0.04), Cu (0.01 and 0.01), Pd (0.01 and 0.01), Ni (0.003 and 0.002) and Mn (0.092 and 0.027)) respectively were present in the water samples. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was all recorded to be lower than unity. The Hazard Index (HI) was also recorded to be 4.6x10-4 and 5.7 x 10-4 for both Loko and Mararraba respectively, value less than unity. This makes non-carcinogenic effects negligible. The total excess life cancer risk was found to be 36.1.4x10-13 and 41.46x10-13 for both Loko and Mararraba respectively, value less than that of U.S (1.0x10-4 to 1.0x10-6) and South Africa (5.0x10-6). This makes carcinogenic effects negligible. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the water at the sample locations is recommended.
International journal of physical sciences
This report presents a study of seven heavy metals concentrations in rural water supplies of South East region of Nigeria. The concentration levels of As, Hg, Cd, Pd, Cr, Cu and Fe were evaluated in samples of water collected from the major water sources in the study area viz: streams, ponds/lakes and shallow hand dug wells. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to assay the levels of Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As while cold vapour AAS was used for Hg determination. The human health risk assessment was performed by determining the water ingestion (IW), oral daily intake (DI), hazard quotient HQ) and total hazard index (THI) of the metals from human oral consumption. The result of the analysis indicated the level ranges of the metals as follows Hg. (0.00-0.01 ppm), As (0.010--2.01 ppm); Cd (0.00-0.25 ppm); Pd (0.38-3.04 ppm) Cr (0.01-0.65 ppm); Cu (0.21-2.65 ppm) and Fe (0.75-15.01 ppm). The risk assessment results indicated that HQ of As, Cd, Cr and Pb were mostly of moderate risk, (HQ ˃ 1) while those of Hg, Fe and Cu indicated no risk. The THI of all the water bodies assessed were of high risk except one river.
IJISRT, 2020
Commercially packaged water has been the main source of water supply to residents of Ado Metropolis; due to lack of potable water supply, individuals depend on commercial packaged water for drinking and domestic use. As a result of this, one has little or no assurance on the quality and safety of the water and its source. Heavy metal contamination includes exposure to lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, heavy metal contamination in Ado metropolis includes anthropogenic sources which includes activities of mining industries as discharge their untreated effluents into nearby water sources, other source of contamination includes automobile source that releases zinc, arsenic and copper; insecticides which releases arsenic and burning of fossil fuels which releases nickel, vanadium and mercury. Heavy metals cause general body weakness, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, chills, diarrhea, vomiting and tingling in the hands and feet when consumed. Hence, this study is important because it will reveal the presence of heavy metals in sampled waters in Ado Metropolis and also compare with WHO standard which in turn gives room for the suggestion of mitigating measures to regulate the sale of these public waters. Some brands of commercially packaged were purchased from different markets in Ado metropolis based on accessibility and high demands. The samples were coded as BW001,BW002,BW003,BW004for the bottled water samples while SW001,SW002,SW003,SW004 were used for sachet water samples,. The pH was determined and calculated by using the concentration of hydrogen ion and its concentration in the solution. The samples were treated with HNO3 and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to detect level of lead, mercury, chromium, nickel etc. The heavy metals showed they are within permissible limits except Ni and Pb in some of the samples. There are also evidence of the presence of chromium, lead, mercury, chromium and manganese though below WHO MPL. Some samples are within WHO MPL while some recorded high concentration of Pb, and Ni. Continual consumption of this water containing the trace level of heavy metals could result into heavy metal accumulation and magnification, affect food chain and causing diseases in human population in the nearest future.
International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2014
This report presents a study of seven heavy metals concentrations in rural water supplies of South East region of Nigeria. The concentration levels of As, Hg, Cd, Pd, Cr, Cu and Fe were evaluated in samples of water collected from the major water sources in the study area viz: streams, ponds/lakes and shallow hand dug wells. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to assay the levels of Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As while cold vapour AAS was used for Hg determination. The human health risk assessment was performed by determining the water ingestion (IW), oral daily intake (DI), hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard index (THI) of the metals from human oral consumption. The result of the analysis indicated the level ranges of the metals as follows Hg. (0.00-0.01 ppm), As (0.010-2.01 ppm); Cd (0.00-0.25 ppm); Pd (0.38-3.04 ppm) Cr (0.01-0.65 ppm); Cu (0.21-2.65 ppm) and Fe (0.75-15.01 ppm). The risk assessment results indicated that HQ of As, Cd, Cr and Pb were mostly of moderate risk, (HQ ˃ 1) while those of Hg, Fe and Cu indicated no risk. The THI of all the water bodies assessed were of high risk except one river.
Heavy Metals Assessment of Some Selected Packaged Drinking Water in Nasarawa State, Nigera
The concern over exposure to drinking water contamination and the resultant adverse effect on human health has prompted several studies evaluating the quality of drinking water sources. The aim of this study is to assess contamination of drinking packaged water in Nasarawa state by Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, As, Pb, Cu, Hg, Cr, and Cd) using the AAS. The results shows the mean values ranges for Fe (0.08-0205mg/l), Zn(0.02-0.009mg/l), Mg (0.205-1.35mg/l), Mn (0.02-0.09mg/l), As(0.003-0.01mg/l), Pb(0.006-0.010mg/l),Cu(0.023-0.11mg/l), Hg(0.001-0.002mg/l), Cr(0.00-0.004mg/l and Cd(0 .001-0.002mg/l), in the five local government of studies. These values are all within the World Health Organization and Standard Organization of Nigeria standard for portable drinking water. This could mean proper filtration, sedimentation, aeration, flocculation, ion exchange, ozonation and other water treatment is carried out before packaging.
2021
Daily exposure to potentially toxic elements (heavy metals) through the oral ingestion of water has been a major concern to human health due to its detrimental effects. Studies focusing on health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in surface and ground waters have been conducted, but none has been reported in Njaba River. Few studies conducted have focused only on the assessment of its water quality. Therefore, this study assessed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of the potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Njaba River. Overall, a total of 135 water samples was collected for this study and were analyzed using Agilent FS240AA AAS. The potentially toxic elements concentrations were: As (0.015±0.001 to 0.021±0.001 mg L-1), Cd (0.006±0.002 to 0.018±0.002 mg L-1), Cr (0.027±0.001 to 0.074±0.001 mg L-1), Cu (0.016±0.002 to 0.033±0.001 mg L-1), Ni (0.031±0.001 to 0.053±0.002 mg L-1), Pb (0.050±0.002 to 0.092±0.001 mg L-1), and Zn (0.061±0.00...
مجلة الدراسات الأفريقية
This study was aim to determine the effects of physicochemical properties and heavy metals level in tap drinking water samples collected from ten different locations on human health in Urban Katsina, Katsina State. Nigeria. A total of 20 (10 each) Tap water samples were collected during dry and wet seasons of the year 2013. The gross appearance, pH, EC, Turbidity, Hardness, Calcium (Ca), Chlorine (Cl) and the concentration of lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) were analyzed using standard analytical techniques. The results of analysis gave the physicochemical properties with range as follows: pH (5.3-7.7), conductivity (89-877 ohm/cm), turbidity (5-712 ntu), hardness (72-600 mg/l), Ca (0.2-18.75 mg/l) and Cl (-0.2-15.3 mg/l). The pH values were generally acidic while turbidity and hardness especially in most of the sampling locations were higher than the permissible levels set by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004) for portable water. The concentration of heavy metals (mg/l) was found in the following
ABSTRAC: This study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of drinking waters collected from tap, well and sachet in Sokoto metropolis in North Western Nigeria. Conductivity and pH values were determined by standard methods while elemental composition was analysed using X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy. Majority of the water samples had neutral pH (6.80 -7.20) few were slightly alkaline and one was acidic. Tap water samples had similar conductivity values (180 -190µS/m), sachet water samples had conductivity values ranging from 80µS/m to 260µS/m while well water samples had highest conductivity values with a sample having value above standard limit of 1,500µS/m. Heavy metals (copper and lead), rare earth metals (gallium, rubidium, strontium and vanadium) and other elements (potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, arsenic, selenium, bromine and molybdenum) were detected. Result of elemental analysis showed the presence of 18 compounds in the different water samples, of which seven, namely: As, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ni, Se and Br had levels above WHO recommended permissible limits, with their attendant health implications. Generally, all the sampled waters analysed in this study failed chemical tests and therefore not suitable for drinking. @ JASEM
Scientific African, 2021
This study assessed the health risk associated with water sources in the artisanal and local mining areas of Anka, Northwest Nigeria. The evaluation of radioactivity concentration was carried out using a gas flow proportional counter while the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of heavy metals exposure were also evaluated. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured using the microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The mean annual effective dose for αand βemitters for children were 10.12 and 14.63 μSvy −1 , respectively and those of adults were 22.94 and 30.51 μSvy −1 for αand βemitters, respectively. The mean values of lifetime cancer risk for children and adults were 2.73 × 10 −4 and 1.26 × 10 −4 , respectively. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in descending order show the trend as Pb > Fe > Zn > Hg > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Cr. The mean concentrations of Fe, Hg, and Cd were above the WHO permissible limits of 0.20 0, 0.10 0 and 0.0 03 mgL −1 , respectively. The hazard index of heavy metal evaluated in this study for children was 7.43 while that of adults was 1.27, which are higher than the limit of 1. The cancer risk due to heavy metal was 1.55 × 10 −3 for children and 2.65 × 10 −4 for adults; these values are higher than USEPA safe limits. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from heavy metal are of concern and should be considered for continuous monitoring and remediation.