Correction: Vitetta, L.; et al. Adjuvant Probiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome: Enhancing Vaccines and Immunotherapy Outcomes. Vaccines 2017, 5, 50 (original) (raw)
Related papers
Adjuvant Probiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome: Enhancing Vaccines and Immunotherapy Outcomes
Vaccines, 2017
Immune defence against pathogenic agents comprises the basic premise for the administration of vaccines. Vaccinations have hence prevented millions of infectious illnesses, hospitalizations and mortality. Acquired immunity comprises antibody and cell mediated responses and is characterized by its specificity and memory. Along a similar congruent yet diverse mode of disease prevention, the human host has negotiated from in utero and at birth with the intestinal commensal bacterial cohort to maintain local homeostasis in order to achieve immunological tolerance in the new born. The advent of the Human Microbiome Project has redefined an appreciation of the interactions between the host and bacteria in the intestines from one of a collection of toxic waste to one of a symbiotic existence. Probiotics comprise bacterial genera thought to provide a health benefit to the host. The intestinal microbiota has profound effects on local and extra-intestinal end organ physiology. As such, we fur...
This pilot study investigated the immunomodulatory properties of seven probiotic strains. Eighty-three healthy volunteers aged 18-62 years consumed 2 Â 10 10 CFU of bacteria or a placebo (maltodextrin) over 3 weeks (D0-D21). Subjects received an oral cholera vaccine at D7 and at D14; blood and saliva samples were collected at D0, D21 and D28. Serum samples were analyzed for specific IgA, IgG and IgM, and saliva samples were analyzed for specific IgA only, by ELISA. Statistical analyses were based on Wilcoxon's signed-rank test (intragroup analyses) and exact median t-test (intergroup analyses). Salivary analysis showed no difference in specific IgA concentrations between groups. Serum analysis indicated an effect of some of the tested strains on specific humoral responses. Between D0 and D21, IgG increased in two probiotic groups, for example, Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, compared with controls (P = 0.01). Trends toward significant changes in immunoglobulin serum concentrations compared with controls (P o 0.1) were found for six out of the seven probiotic strains. In conclusion, some strains of probiotics demonstrated a faster immune response measured with serum immunoglobulin indicators, especially IgG, although overall vaccination was not influenced. Specific strains of probiotics may thus act as adjuvants to the humoral immune response following oral vaccination. Ã Data are presented as median (range). a P o 0.05 compared with placebo (intergroup analysis, exact median t-tests). b 0.05 o P o 0.1 compared with placebo (intergroup analysis, exact median t-tests).
Probiotics and Intestinal Microbiome: A Review of Literature
Trends Journal of Sciences Research
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics modify various aspects of local and systemic immune function in multiple experimental models. However, their impact and mechanisms of action are not known across all products or noticed in every population studied, and impacts on in vitro, ex vivo, or other measures of immune function do not necessarily result in an impact on infection and illness in vivo. Studies have discussed that intestinal microbiota has an essential role in enhancing the immune system against viruses. The regulatory impact of the intestinal microbiota on viral infection is connected with local and systemic immune responses and plays a part in congenital and adaptive immune responses. The microbiota composition critically modulates the production of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells and antibody responses following influenza virus infection. The intestinal microbiota has an important role in the stabilizing of immune homeostasis by augmenting the integrity of the barrier functions of the gut mucosa, which is a crucial aspect of systemic immunity. In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota can influence organismal immunity locally and systemically, proximally, and distally. Studying the possible mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota maintains host immunity can provide a clearer understanding of the occurrence and development of diseases.
Review-Potential of probiotics as biotherapeutic agents targeting the innate immune system
2005
Probiotics had been of interest in the promotion of good health in animals and man. Some of the positive effects of probiotics are: growth promotion of farm animals, protection of host from intestinal infections, alleviation of lactose intolerance, relief of constipation, anticarcinogenic effect, anticholesterolaemic effects, nutrient synthesis and bioavailability, prevention of genital and urinary tract infections, and immunostimulatory effects. Their beneficial effects may be mediated by direct antagonism of specific groups of organisms, resulting in a decrease in numbers or by an effect on their metabolism or by stimulation of immunity. The resistance of people in developing countries to diseases can be improved upon by promoting the consumption of locally fermented foods that are rich in probiotic organisms. This article reviews the potential of probiotics as immuno-enhancing agents and the future perspective in developing potent probiotics with immunostimulatory molecules that can serve as outstanding vaccine adjuvants.
Immunomodulatory Benefits of Probiotic Bacteria: A Review of Evidence
2023
Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as a viable medical tool for preventing and/or treating diseases. This narrative review provides recent findings on Probiotics and their benefits on the host immune system. It also highlights the specific mechanisms through which probiotics mediate those benefits. The study also explores the topical or systemic probiotic administration method. Authors screened databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, using various keyword combinations such as: "probiotic" AND "Immunomodulation" OR "probiotic" AND "Immunoregulation" OR "probiotic" AND "Immunostimulation", for relevant literature written in English only. The review shows that probiotics can regulate the host immune system, including regulating T cells, dendritic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and several signal pathways, and confer health benefits. Although several clinical trials also revealed the prospects and efficacy of probiotics as immunomodulators and treatment of diseases, there is a need for thorough future investigations on the effectiveness of specific strains of probiotics involved in immunomodulation.
Probiotics and Vaccination in Children
Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, 2014
Immunisation is one of the most beneficial and cost-effective disease prevention measures. However several immunisations are associated with suboptimal seroconversion rates and so the protective effect is not optimal. In the last two decades the concept about the use of probiotic bacteria as novel mucosal adjuvants has engendered a lot of interest due to our increased immunological understanding and the availability of various techniques to enhance existing vaccine specific-immune responses. Mostly in developing countries, many people still die every year from vaccine-preventable diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea. To date, emphasis has been placed on identifying novel vaccine antigens and adjuvants that induce stronger protective immune responses, as well as developing mucosally-administered vaccines. We would have enormous benefits in allowing safe administration of vaccines in remote areas and we may overcome the necessity for multiple doses. The precise mechanism of action of probiotics is not fully understood, but several animal and human studies have proven immunomodulatory effects involving both the humoral and cellular components of the host's immune system. This review discusses whether dietary supplementation with oral probiotics enhances the immune response of infants after routine vaccinations and also evaluates clinical effects of probiotics in adults. Further well designed, randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to understand fully the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics, whether the effects exerted are strain and age-dependent, and their clinical relevance in enhancing protection following vaccination.
Probiotics in valorization of innate immunity across various animal models
Journal of Functional Foods, 2015
Immunity is the ability of the body to counteract pathogenic invasions. Dearth of it compromises health and survival, rendering its retention and escalation to be of paramount importance. In this regard, probiotics, the live microorganisms that offer health benefits by modulating gut microbiota and reinforcing host immunity, have proven to be very crucial. Probiotics along with their effector molecules have been demonstrated to confer immunoregulatory, anti-angiogenesis, anti-allergic, anti-colitis and anti-dermatitic activities, among others. Interaction between probiotics and immune cells are vital for mucosal tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. Ample evidences have accumulated in recent times, supporting these findings. The major in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial findings have been summarized here. How nutritional interventions with probiotics can bolster innate immunity is the focal point of discussion. The immunological mechanisms of probiotic action in mucosal architecture restoration and pathogen elimination have been explained. Augmentation of probiotics by pairing with prebiotics has been briefly analyzed. The revolutionizing power of personalized probiotics in healthcare has been furnished in a nutshell. Probiotics have already been established as important components of functional foods. This review provides the immunomodulatory aspect of probiotics in appreciating their potentials, and discerning deficiencies.
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2021
The need for highly effective vaccines that induce robust and long-lasting immunity has never been more apparent. However, for reasons that are still poorly understood, immune responses to vaccination are highly variable between different individuals and different populations. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently suboptimal in the very populations who are at most risk from infectious disease, including infants, the elderly, and those living in low-income and middle-income countries. Although many factors have the potential to influence vaccine immunogenicity and therefore vaccine effectiveness, increasing evidence from clinical studies and animal models now suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are crucial factors modulating immune responses to vaccination. In this Review, we synthesize this evidence, discuss the immunological mechanisms that potentially mediate these effects and consider the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
Frontiers in immunology, 2017
The role of intestinal microbiota and probiotics in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, including diarrheal diseases in children and animal models, is increasingly recognized. Intestinal commensals play a major role in development of the immune system in neonates and in shaping host immune responses to pathogens. Lactobacilli spp. and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 are two probiotics that are commonly used in children to treat various medical conditions including human rotavirus diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease. Although the health benefits of probiotics have been confirmed, the specific effects of these established Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) probiotics in modulating immunity against pathogens and disease are largely undefined. In this review, we discuss the differences between G+ and G- probiotics/commensals in modulating the dynamics of selected infectious diseases and host immunity. These probiotics modulate the pathogenesis of infectious diseases...
FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 2008
This pilot study investigated the immunomodulatory properties of seven probiotic strains. Eighty-three healthy volunteers aged 18-62 years consumed 2  10 10 CFU of bacteria or a placebo (maltodextrin) over 3 weeks (D0-D21). Subjects received an oral cholera vaccine at D7 and at D14; blood and saliva samples were collected at D0, D21 and D28. Serum samples were analyzed for specific IgA, IgG and IgM, and saliva samples were analyzed for specific IgA only, by ELISA. Statistical analyses were based on Wilcoxon's signed-rank test (intragroup analyses) and exact median t-test (intergroup analyses). Salivary analysis showed no difference in specific IgA concentrations between groups. Serum analysis indicated an effect of some of the tested strains on specific humoral responses. Between D0 and D21, IgG increased in two probiotic groups, for example, Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, compared with controls (P = 0.01). Trends toward significant changes in immunoglobulin serum concentrations compared with controls (P o 0.1) were found for six out of the seven probiotic strains. In conclusion, some strains of probiotics demonstrated a faster immune response measured with serum immunoglobulin indicators, especially IgG, although overall vaccination was not influenced. Specific strains of probiotics may thus act as adjuvants to the humoral immune response following oral vaccination. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol ]] (2008) 1-7 c 2008 Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved à Data are presented as median (range). a P o 0.05 compared with placebo (intergroup analysis, exact median t-tests). b 0.05 o P o 0.1 compared with placebo (intergroup analysis, exact median t-tests).