Materials analysis using the (³He,p) and (α,p) nuclear reactions (original) (raw)

Nuclear reaction analysis cross-sections measurements for Boron and Carbon

2007

The aim of the project was to measure nuclear reaction cross-sections for selected light elements such as Boron and Carbon for the database at Radiation Utilisation Group of Neesa. Deuteron-Induced and 'He-induced reactions were performed at the 4 MV Van de Graaff accelerator at detection angles of El = ISO' and 135' for incident beam energies between 1.8 and 2.8 MeV. Immediate application of this study will help in determining: i. My late parents, Mrs Sainah and Mr Dumanezwe Miya, I wish you were still there to see how successful Your boy has become in science, by the way I mean thank you for supponing me relentlessly no matter what the situation was. i. My big sister and brother, BathobiIe and Mlekeleli. thank you for being there for me after our parents had passed away. not forgetting my little brother. Mxolisi and the rest of the siblings for looking up on me. making me feel like somebody really great at all the times. __ I thank the University of Zululand for having faith in me. many thanks to Prof O. M. Ndwandwe in the Physics Department. __ My high school teachers. Mrs M. Mpisi and Mrs Magubane. and the rest of Siyaphambili high school staff. you people played a very huge role in my up bringing. a-I thank NECSA for enabling me to work on the on the project. i. Lastly. I thank!''RF for their financial support. \\ ithout a financial muscle this work would have not been a success. i\'landithi inkosi kakhulu nakuni maGcwanini amahle, boMunja, Zibewu. boBhincel' ohlangeni ngokuyibheka lenkwenkwana yenu kuze kube apha. manditsho-ke ndithi Zijekula~~~~I V Declaration I declare that J.VR4 cross sections measurements for boron and carbon in the incident energy range 1.8-2.81vfeV at an angle of 15(j' and 135" is my own work, that it has not been submitted for any degree or any other university. and that all the resources I used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references.

Cross sections of the reaction between 310 and 425 MeV

Nuclear Physics A, 2001

Extensive kinematically complete measurements of the pp → ppπ 0 reaction have been made at six beam energies: 310, 320, 340, 360, 400, and 425 MeV. Angles and energies of both finalstate protons are extracted from the forward detector system of the WASA-CELSIUS apparatus. Projected one-parameter distributions of the centre-of-momentum pion angle and the angle of the two-proton relative momentum show significant deviations from isotropy. The slope in the pion angular distribution changes from being negative at 310 MeV to positive at 425 MeV. These distributions, and that of the two-proton relative momentum, are described in terms of partial waves corresponding to the Ss, P s, Pp, Sd and Ds final states. Commonly used amplitudes, derived from their simple threshold behaviour, fail to reproduce the data at the higher energies. However, in a DWBA treatment, assuming interaction ranges related either to π or ρ exchange, we find acceptable (J. Złomańczuk). 0375-9474/01/$ -see front matter  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 5 -9 4 7 4 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 8 0 0 -4 R. Bilger et al. / Nuclear Physics A 693 (2001) agreement, though the longer range of pion exchange provides significantly better description of the P s and Pp waves. 

Proton Reaction Cross Sections Measured in the BNL/AGS E943 Experiment

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2002

Laboratory t-_7 Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy.

The 14N(p,γ)15O reaction studied at low and high beam energy

2012

6 1 Astrophysics: Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle 9 1.1 Evolution of stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2 Bethe-Weizsäcker (CNO) cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3 Our Sun: chemical composition problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4 The bottleneck reaction N(p,γ)O: literature overview . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 N(p,γ)O experiment at LUNA, E = 0.3 0.4MeV 29 2.1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.1.1 Underground laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.1.2 Accelerator and beam line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.1.3 Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.1.4 The Clover composite detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2 γ-ray spectra and data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2.1 Gain-matching and summing of individual spectra . . . ....

Kinematically complete measurement of the (π±,π±p) reaction onC12at 220 MeV

Physical Review C, 1984

The "C(n.-, m-+ p) reactions were studied at T = 220 MeV. The final particles were detected both separately and in coincidence and their momenta were measured. Calculation of the excitation energy of the residual nucleus allowed clear separation of events where an outer proton was removed. The data provide detailed evidence confirming the quasielastic picture of pion knockout reactions. Evidence for this derives from the agreement between the peak energies found in the coincidence spectra and those found in inclusive spectra, from analysis of angular distributions, and from the location of peaks found in missing mass spectra. The coincidence cross section is found to account for about half of the (m. +, n. +') reaction, and about half of this in turn corresponds to quasifree knockout of the outer shell protons. Secondary processes in the (n. , m. p) reaction are found to play a much more important role than in the (n.+, m. +p) reaction.

A study of proton-induced reactions at 190 MeV

The European Physical Journal A, 2004

Differential cross-sections and proton multiplicities, resulting from the bombardment of 56 Fe, 208 Pb, and 238 U targets by a 190 MeV proton beam were measured for the first time. Data were taken over two different angular ranges 5 • -30 • and 91 • -160 • with two different detection systems. Angular distributions of fast (> 20 MeV) protons are all forward peaked, due to the dominating elastic-scattering contribution. Moreover, the shapes of the distributions are quite independent of the target. The results are compared with modern optical-model predictions and with Intra-Nuclear Cascade (INC) calculations. Reasonable agreement between calculations and experimental data is obtained in the forward angles, but the comparison clearly indicates the need to modify the parameterization of the model at backward angles, where the agreement is rather poor.

Systematic study of (n,p) reaction cross sections from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV

Physical Review C, 2012

The cross sections of nat Cr(n,x) 52 V, 52 Cr(n,p) 52 V, nat Cr(n,x) 53 V, 53 Cr(n,p) 53 V, nat Zn(n,x) 66 Cu, 66 Zn(n,p) 66 Cu, nat Zn(n,x) 68 Cu m , 68 Zn(n,p) 68 Cu m , nat Mo(n,x) 97 Nb g , 97 Mo(n,p) 97 Nb g , nat Mo(n,x) 97 Nb m , 97 Mo(n,p) 97 Nb m , nat Sn(n,x) 116 In m1+m2 , 116 Sn(n,p) 116 In m1+m2 , nat Sn(n,x) 117 In g , 117 Sn(n,p) 117 In g , nat Sn(n,x) 118 In m1+m2 , 118 Sn(n,p) 118 In m1+m2 , nat Sn(n,x) 120 In x , 120 Sn(n,p) 120 In x , nat Ba(n,x) 138 Cs, and 138 Ba(n,p) 138 Cs reactions have been measured at 14.8 MeV neutron energy. In the present work, the contributions of (n,np), (n,pn), and (n,d) reactions from heavier isotopes are subtracted. The cross sections were also estimated with the TALYS-1.2 nuclear model code using different level density models, at neutron energies varying from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. The variations in the (n,p) cross sections with the neutron number in the isotopes of an element are also discussed in brief.