Review on the production and applications of gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery carrier (original) (raw)

BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES

Journal of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2022

There are numerous medicinal and industrial uses for nanoparticles in the detection and treatment of disease. Nanopa11icles are characterised by their ability to perform a variety of functions and their submicron size. It is possible to use nanoparticles to deliver drugs to specific sites in the body, as well as to increase cellular absorption. Gold nanopar1icles, which are the most extensively investigated of all metallonanoparticles, are the focus of this review. Anticancer treatments are available, although necrosis of both malignant and non-cancerous cells is a side effect of many of these medications. The necrosis caused by gold nanoparticles, on the other hand, affects only cancerous cells. Smaller than human cells, these tailored drug delivery devices can quickly infiltrate tumours and eliminate malignant cells. Anticancer medicines that have been conjugated with gold nanopai1icles are more effective. Due to their photophysical and optical proper1ies, gold nanopai1icles are useful in chemotherapy and cancer diagnostics. Proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids can all be used to modify gold nanopa11icles. Biosensors as well as medication, gene, and protein delivery are all possible uses for these.

Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics

Cureus

Conventional treatment for cancer is done by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgery, which work by inhibiting the growth of the rapidly dividing neoplastic cells and excision of the neoplastic tissue, respectively. These methods affect the healthy tissues along with the diseased ones, as chemotherapeutic agents often cause toxicity in the body and a variety of unfavorable side effects, which can highly impair bodily functions. Otherwise, while operating, there is the danger of some cancerous cells not being excised or unnecessary additional removal of healthy tissues, again causing the patient to lose some functionality of their body. The emerging field of nanotechnology helps to revolutionize imaging and therapeutic management in cancer. The use of metallic nanoparticles, especially those derived from an inert metal like gold, which has a great list of advantages such as high biocompatibility, non-toxicity, easy synthesis, and effective functionality, makes this innovative technology crucial for further propagation of this field. These nanoparticles have a dual function, i.e., helping in precise fluorescent bioimaging and drug delivery of potent medication to specific tissue sites without affecting the general area highly in a negative fashion. Thus, integrating these methods into current clinical practice would advance our methods for diagnostics as well as treatment while decreasing the stress on the patient, overall elevating medical practices.

Biomedical Scope of Gold Nanoparticles in Medical Sciences; an Advancement in Cancer Therapy

2020

Nanotechnology is a vast and fast emerging area of scientific research studies resolving several complications related to conservative medication therapies, including underprivileged water solubility, absence of capability to target the problematic cancerous cells in individual bodies, common spreading, universal poisonousness as well as weak therapeutic capabilities. Nanoparticles are developing attractive vital tool of recent investigative studies in all scientific areas of research, particularly in nano scale sciences. Biomedical scope of nanoparticles, specifically of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), especially in cancer therapy is remarkably encouraging through results of modern scientific research studies from all over the world. As per as their biocompatibility and nontoxicity, Surface Plasmon Resonance improved their light absorption and scattering properties. Surface Plasmon Resonance also has improved their capability for conversion of absorbed light in localized heat to make th...

Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer

Integrating Biologically-Inspired Nanotechnology into Medical Practice, 2000

This chapter deals with the applications of gold nanoparticle in cancer and various strategies to target cancer cells by using gold nanoparticles. They are in great demand for biomedical applications such as DNA/Protein detection, bimolecular regulators, cell imaging and cancer cell diagnostics. The ability to tune the surface of the particle provides access to cell-specific targeting and controlled drug release. Depending on their size, shape, degree of aggregation, and local environment, gold nanoparticles can appear red, blue, or other colors. The novel drug delivery systems offer the opportunity to improve poor solubility, limited stability, bio distribution, and pharmacokinetics of drug as well as offering the potential ability to target specific tissues and cell types. The multifunctional gold nanoparticles are attractive organic-inorganic hybrid material composed of an inorganic metallic gold core surrounded by an organic or bimolecular monolayer they provide desirable attributes for the creation of drug delivery in cancer.

Application of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Materials in Cancer Therapy and Diagnostics

ChemEngineering

Several metal nanoparticles have been developed for medical application. While all have their benefits, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are ideal in cancer therapy and diagnosis as they are chemically inert and minimally toxic. Several studies have shown the potential of AuNPs in the therapeutic field, as photosensitizing agents in sonochemical and photothermal therapy and as drug delivery, as well as in diagnostics and theranostics. Although there is a significant number of reviews on the application of AuNPs in cancer medicine, there is no comprehensive review on their application both in therapy and diagnostics. Therefore, considering the high number of studies on AuNPs’ applications, this review summarizes data on the application of AuNPs in cancer therapy and diagnostics. In addition, we looked at the influence of AuNPs’ shape and size on their biological properties. We also present the potential use of hybrid materials based on AuNPs in sonochemical and photothermal therapy and the...

Role of Gold Nanoparticles in the Detection and Treatment of Cancer

2011

Nanotechnology offers unique approach of controlling variety of biological and medical processes at nanoscale. Recent applications of nanotechnology involve use of nanoparticles for the treatment of variety of diseases like cancer, diabetes, HIV vaccine. Conventional cancer therapy involves a cytotoxic agent that often shows the harmful side effects. Hence, Oncologist nowadays searching for new and advanced methods for early detection and treatment of cancer. By utilizing properties of nanoparticles like optical, magnetic, fluorescent, they can be used in detection, imaging and treatment of cancer. Though the use of different metallic nanoparticles like iron oxide, silver nanoparticles is found to be effective, gold nanoparticles are nontoxic and noble for human beings. Gold nanoparticles have immense potential for cancer diagnosis and therapy on account of their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced light scattering and absorption. Hence gold nanoparticles can be selectively and...

Biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles in the fight against cancer

2023

Cancer is a complex condition that affects millions of individuals globally. While chemotherapy and radiotherapy are highly effective cancer treatments, they can also cause severe side effects. The utilization of gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy provides a fresh outlook, potentially minimizes adverse effects while enhancing treatment efficiency and detection. This paper reviews the latest literature on this topic, highlighting the physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms involved in the treatment. In addition, it examines the advancements and obstacles of this technology.

Gold Nanoparticle: Synthesis, Functionalization, Enhancement, Drug Delivery and Therapy: A Review

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020

The excellent properties and advantages of golden nanoparticles are copyrighted by a number of publisher roles. There are different physical, chemical and biological methods possible in preparing colloidal or suspended nanoparticles with pharmacodynamic and optical properties. The surface of golden nanoparticles plays an effective role in improving performance and efficacy as a carrier of nanoparticles of many drugs, especially in the field of cancer treatment. Despite the difficult challenges faced by gold nanoparticles in the field of drug delivery, these molecules are a great opportunity as a treatment and nano carrier to deliver drugs to anticancer, antibiotic, vaccine and genetics, so a comprehensive study must be conducted to find out all the pharmacokinetics and cytotoxic properties of cells for long periods.

Gold nanoparticles: A promising therapeutic approach

Biomedical Reviews, 2015

molecules with a diameter ranging from 10-100 nm. Nanotechnology has promising biomedical applications and most noteworthy amongst them are noble metal particles. For instance, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide a unique blend of physical and optical properties, chemical inertness, and high surface to volume ratio. They can be synthesized as well as functionalised to support various ligands on their surface. Their surface functionalization and diverse properties render the gold nanoparticles highly useful for drug delivery and gene carrier for therapeutic purposes and as molecular probes for disease diagnosis. The foundation for the usage of AuNPs in therapeutics and diagnosis was laid by the ancient studies done with ruby gold for curing diseases in middle ages. Presently, AuNPs have become available in different types such as spheres, rods, shells, cages and SERS particles which vary in shape, size and physical properties. The biomedical applications of these particles include drug and gene delivery, cancer diagnosis and therapy, determination of biological molecules and microorganisms, detection of disease etiology, immunoassay, enzyme immobilization, etc. Overall, the focus of this review is to highlight that AuNPs provide an excellent platform for the discovery of new therapies, cure for certain cancers, molecular probe for diagnostic purposes, as well as gene carriers and drug delivery vehicles.