High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Training (MIT) Against TNF-α and IL-6 levels In Rats (original) (raw)
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Arya Atheroscler, 2011
BACKGROUND: Cytokines are a group of low-molecular-weight regulatory proteins that produced by cells in response to stimulation. In fact, they increase in response to immune system during exercise. Also, many cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα are secreted from adipose tissue in obese people. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one session submaximal exercise on plasma levels of IL6 and TNFα in obese and non-obese women. METHODS: Sixteen healthy women aged 20-30 years old participated in the study. Subjects were classified into obese (n = 8) and nonobese (n = 8) groups who performed submaximal exercise program (50-65% HRM) for 30minutes. Blood samples were taken for cytokines measurement, before and after exercise. Data were analyzed with SPSS15. The effect of exercise on mentiones variables was evaluated using t-test and covariance test. RESULTS: Level of IL-6 increased significantly in two studied groups after 30 minutes submaximal exercise (P < 0.05). Levels of TNFα increased significantly in obese subjects but not in non-obese subjects. There were no significant changes in the levels of IL-6 and TNFα after 30 minutes submaximal exercise between two studied groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: After submaximal exercise, plasma level of IL6 and TNFα may increase and adipose tissue is the main source of circulating IL6 and TNFα.
ARYA atherosclerosis, 2011
Cytokines are a group of low-molecular-weight regulatory proteins that produced by cells in response to stimulation. In fact, they increase in response to immune system during exercise. Also, many cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα are secreted from adipose tissue in obese people. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one session submaximal exercise on plasma levels of IL6 and TNFα in obese and non-obese women. Sixteen healthy women aged 20-30 years old participated in the study. Subjects were classified into obese (n=8) and nonobese (n=8) groups who performed submaximal exercise program (50-65% HRM) for 30minutes. Blood samples were taken for cytokines measurement, before and after exercise. Data were analyzed with SPSS15. The effect of exercise on mentiones variables was evaluated using t-test and covariance test. Level of IL-6 increased significantly in two studied groups after 30 minutes submaximal exercise (P<0.05). Levels of TNFα increased significantly in ...
Hormozgan Medical Journal, 2020
Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250 - 300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2 ) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day f...
Exercise normalises overexpression of TNF-α in knockout mice
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2004
TNF-a is linked with insulin resistance, as greater amounts of TNF are detected in muscle and adipose tissue in glycemically challenged people and TNF-a inhibits insulin receptor signalling. However, what modulates this overexpression of TNF-a is currently unknown. We examined the effect of 1 h exercise on overexpression of the TNF-a gene in TNF receptor 1 and 2 knockout mice. IL-6 knockout mice were included to elucidate the importance of IL-6 in regulating TNF-a in response to exercise. TNF-a gene expression was over-expressed in muscle in both TNFR knockout models. TNF-a overexpression returned to normal levels after exercise in the TNF-a receptor knockout models. In IL-6 knockout mice, a modest decrease in TNF-a was also observed. These data suggest that TNF-a-induced insulin resistance can be regulated by a single exercise bout by normalising TNF-a expression. This exercise effect can be mediated via IL-6, but also an IL-6 independent mechanism seems to exist.
Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 2016
Obesity is a risk factor able to trigger several inflammatory alterations and the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine productions. Physical exercise is an important strategy for reduction of inflammatory established process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of three exercise training programs in the inflammatory profile and insulin resistance in overweight/obesity. Thirty two men and women (46.4±10.1 years; 162.0±9.1 cm; 82.0±13.6 kg) were divided into three groups for training on a treadmill: continuous at 70% maximum heart rate (HRmax) 5 times a week (CONT); 1×4 min (1-bout) and 4×4 min (high intensity interval training, HIIT) at 90% HRmax 3 times a week. Interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin and adiponectin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance was calculated. After 16 weeks of training blood concentrations of IL-6 decreased i...
Biology of Sport, 2022
To examine the effects of two high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) programs of varying intensities (100% vs. 110% of maximal aerobic velocity [MAV]) on metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory markers in young men. Thirty-seven active male volunteers were randomly assigned into: HIIT experimental groups (100% MAV [EG 100 , n = 9] and 110% MAV [EG 110 , n = 9]) and a control groups (CG 100 , n = 9 and CG 110 , n = 9). Particpants performed high intesity intermittent exercise test (HIIE) at 100% or 110% MAV. Venous blood samples were obtained before, at the end of HIIE and at 15 min of recovery, and before and after 8 weeks of HIIT programs. After training, Glucose was lower (p < 0.01) in EG 100 (d = 0.72) and EG 110 (d = 1.20) at the end of HIIE, and at 15 min recovery only in EG 110 (d = 0.95). After training, Insulin and Cortisol were lower than before training in EG 100 and EG 110 at the end of HIIE (p < 0.001). After HIIT, IL-6 deceased (p < 0.001) in EG 100 (d = 1.43) and EG 110 (d = 1.56) at rest, at the end of HIIE (d = 1.03; d = 1.75, respectively) and at 15 min of recovery (d = 0.88;d = 1.7, respectively). This decrease was more robust (p < 0.05) in EG 110 compared to EG 100. After HIIT, TNF-α deceased (p < 0.001) in EG 100 (d = 1.43) and EG 110 (d = 0.60) at rest, at the end of HIIE (0.71 < d < 0.98) and at 15 min of recovery (0.70 < d < 2.78). HIIT with 110% MAV is more effective in young males on the improvements of some metabolic (Glucose), hormonal (Cortisol) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers at rest, at the end of HIIE and 15 min of recovery than training at 100% MAV.
The Exercise Training Modulatory Effects on the Obesity-Induced Immunometabolic Dysfunctions
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
Reduced physical activity rate in people's lifestyle is a global concern associated with the prevalence of health disorders such as obesity and metabolic disturbance. Ample evidence has indicated a critical role of the immune system in the aggravation of obesity. The type, duration, and production of adipose tissue-released mediators may change subsequent inactive lifestyle-induced obesity, leading to the chronic systematic inflammation and monocyte/macrophage (MON/MФ) phenotype polarization. Preliminary adipose tissue expansion can be inhibited by changing the lifestyle. In this context, exercise training is widely recommended due to a definite improvement of energy balance and the potential impacts on the inflammatory signaling cascades. How exercise training affects the immune system has not yet been fully elucidated, because its anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, or even immunosuppressive impacts have been indicated in the literature. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms triggered by exercise can suggest a new approach to combat metainflammation-induced metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized the obesityinduced inflammatory pathways, the roles of MON/MФ polarization in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, and the underlying inflammatory mechanisms triggered by exercise during obesity.
Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2016
Applying several energy systems and concurrent performing of various training models have a more effective role in preventing precocious occurrence of many diseases compared to training single energy system. This can be seen in case of physiologic and metabolic adaptations of the human body too. The present study attempted to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and concurrent (endurance-resistance) training on pre-inflammatory cytokines in overweight men. Accordingly, 43 healthy overweight (BMI = 28.56 ± 2.67) young (23.7 ± 3.3 yr) students were volunteered to participate and randomly divided into three experimental (n = 11) and one control (n = 10) groups. The experimental groups performed 3 days/wk endurance, resistance and concurrent training for 8 weeks. Also, prior to and after the training, a blood sample was collected from the subjects in order to measure pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a). Following 8 week training, repeated measure ANOVA results showed a significant difference in IL-1b (P = 0.046) and IL-6 (P = 0.009) compared to baseline. However, this was not the case with the TNF-a. Furthermore, between group comparisons showed significant difference in IL-6 (P = 0.020) between endurance and resistance groups. Within group comparisons (depended t student test) also showed a significant difference in IL-1b and IL-6 of endurance and concurrent groups compared to baseline. Generally, it can be concluded that endurance and concurrent exercise training in part has a positive effect on pre-inflammatory cytokines.
Retos
Sedentary behavior is a lifestyle that plays a role in the pathophysiology of obesity or overweight. TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine that can affect glucose metabolism and can trigger insulin resistance. Acute HIIE is exercise with alternating periods of high-intensity exercise and periods of active recovery. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of TNF-α and blood glucose levels after acute HIIE in overweight women. Subjects were overweight women, divided into 2 groups (K1=control group and K2=experimental group; n=7) with a body mass index between 23.00 and up to 24.99 kg/m2. The acute protocol of HIIE with ergocycle consisted of a 3-minute warm-up (starting at 40 rpm), core exercise for 60 s at 80%-90% of HRmax, interspersed with 60 s of active recovery (40 rpm), and cool-down for 2 minutes. The pre-test was performed before treatment and the post-test was performed 60 minutes after treatment. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by the human enzyme-linked immunosor...