Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Rhodiola semenovii Boriss. In Situ in the Dynamics of Growth and Development (original) (raw)
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Salidroside content in Rhodiola rosea L., dynamics and variability
Th e aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the salidroside content in the underground parts of Rhodiola rosea L. during two consecutive vegetation periods and its variability. Th e obtained annual trends of the salidroside content expressed similar pattern for both years and for both kinds of the investigated matherials (roots and rhizomes) of each sex. Th e signiffi cant infl uence on the content of salidroside exert the sex, plant part and season.
2019
Rhodiola imbricata belonging to Crassulaceae family, is a dioecious perennial plant. It is herb indigenous to the TransHimalayan region and exclusively found in Leh-Ladakh valleys of India and border regions of China and Tibet. Various pharmacological activities in R. imbricata viz. hepatoprotective, radioprotective, immunomodulatory etc., are attributed to presence of different phytochemicals such as ptyrosol, salidroside, rosavin and rosin. But the established plant cell cultures of Rhodiola imbricata usually encounter problems of low product yields and high cost, which discourage its commercialization. So, in order to enhance the secondary metabolite content in R. imbricata, we have studied the effect of different abiotic elicitors on marker compound production. Owing to the previous success of different elicitors on other species of Rhodiola, we have performed chemical and physical elicitations on shoot cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. The best shoot growth in elicited cultures w...
Salidroside content in "in vitro" propagated Rhodiola rosea L
The aim of this study was to determinate the quantity of salidroside in one and two year old Rhodiola rosea L. samples, propagated in vitro, in comparison with coeval ones, grown by seeds. The average content of the investigated substance in the rhizomes was 0.64% at the first and 0.61% at the second year and exceeds that of the marker individuals. These results indicate the in vitro propagation as a possible way to receive a plant material of good quality.
Plants
Plants of the Crassulaceae family are natural accumulators of many medicinal secondary metabolites (SM). This article describes the study of morphophysiological, anatomic and phytochemical responses of immature plants of Rhodiolla semenovii under water deficit and (or) cold-stress conditions. Changes in biomass production due to water content in plant tissues such as a decrease in water deficit and an increase in cold stress were revealed. A significant decrease in the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions was noted, based on the parameters quantum efficiency of Photosystem II and electron transport rate and energy dissipated in Photosystem II. The greatest decrease in efficiency was pointed out in conditions of water shortage. The anatomical modulations of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress conditions were found. For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of the ethanol extract of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stres...
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2007
Salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosarin, and rosin), biologically active compounds of Rhodiola rosea L., were analyzed in dried roots and rhizomes of the plants cultivated in Lithuania and naturally growing in Altai geographical region in Russian Federation. The quantitative analysis of the aqueous-ethanolic extracts prepared by percolation was performed employing solid-phase extraction and thin-layer chromatography followed by densitometric determination. Similar amounts of salidroside were found in the extracts (1.35-1.62 mg/mL), irrespective of the origin of the crude plant; however, the differences in the profile of rosavins were substantial with higher content of total rosavins in the extracts obtained from the plant cultivated in Lithuania (7.4 vs. 4.2 mg/mL). It was demonstrated that extracts prepared with 70% (v/v) ethanol contained low concentration of salidroside (0.16-0.17 mg/mL), while the extraction of rosavins with 70% (v/v) ethanol was more efficient compared to 40...
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Rhodiola rosea L. is a high-altitude medicinal plant with various health-beneficial effects, associated mainly with the phenolic substances salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosin and rosarin). The intensive collection of R. rosea rhizomes and roots to be used in folk medicine and pharmacy has led to a decrease of the species natural resources. New opportunities for species conservation and accelerated synthesis of biologically active substances have been provided by various systems for in vitro and ex vitro cultivation. In this study, the salidroside and rosavins content was determined using HPLC analysis in in vitro cultures of R. rosea and further monitored in adapted regenerants grown ex vitro. The targeted secondary metabolites were not detected in the calli and in the roots of 1-month-old regenerants obtained on different nutrient media. The roots/rhizomes of adapted regenerants grown ex vitro in a greenhouse for 1 year and in the mountain for 1, 2 and 3 years produced increa...
Harvest Time and Drying Temperature Effect on Secondary Metabolites in Rhodiola Rosea
Acta Horticulturae, 2012
In the present study we evaluated the effect of phenological stage at harvest and drying temperature on the content of secondary metabolites in six year old cultivated clones of Rhodiola rosea. In spite of the differences in the growing season, we found similar development in biomass production and content of secondary metabolites in the two field experiments. During the period with intensive shoot growth, the dry weight of the root decreased until budding/full flowering, followed by an increase towards the last harvest after wilting. The % of dry matter followed the same development. The content of total rosavins in the dry rhizomes was the highest at flowering on both sites and the average content for spring was 24 and 21% higher than in autumn in Finland and Norway (P=0.002), respectively. In Finland the average content of salidroside in spring of the dry rhizome was 68% higher than in autumn. While in Norway there were no difference in salidroside content at the different phenological stages (P=0.097), low variation in the content of cinnamic alcohol at both sites was observed, as well as a tendency to a small increase after flowering. The content of total rosavins was significantly higher at drying temperatures at or below 50°C (P<0.05) compared to higher temperatures. For cinnamic alcohol the significantly highest content was observed at temperatures above 60°C (P<0.05) After one year of storage there was a significant reduction in content of total rosavins and cinnamic alcohol (P<0.05) especially for samples dried at higher temperatures. There was no significant effect of temperature and storage on the content of salidroside (P=0.07 resp. P=0.45).
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2000
The study examined tyrosol glucosyltransferase activity and the efficiency of salidroside production in natural and transformed root cultures of Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Regel et Maximowicz. Neither enzyme activity nor salidroside accumulation were detected in natural and transformed root cultures maintained in media without tyrosol. To induce TGase activity in biotransformation reactions, tyrosol was added to natural and transformed root cultures on the day of inoculation. The first peak of TGase activity (0.23 U/μg) was detected on day 9 in natural root culture, accompanied by the highest salidroside content (15.79 mg/g d.w.), but TGase activity was highest (0.27 U/μg) on day 15. In transformed root culture, day 18 showed the highest TGase activity (0.15 U/μg), which coincided with the highest salidroside content (2.4 mg/g d.w.). Based on these results, tyrosol was added to the medium on the days of highest previously detected activity of TGase: day 15 for natural root cultures and day 18 for transformed root cultures. This strategy gave significantly higher yields of salidroside than in the cultures supplemented with tyrosol on the day of inoculation. In natural root culture, salidroside production reached 21.89 mg/g d.w., while precursor feeding in transformed root cultures caused a significant increase in salidroside accumulation to 7.55 mg/g d.w. In all treatments, salidroside production was lower in transformed than in natural root cultures.
PLoS ONE, 2013
Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Rose root or Arctic root or Golden root or Shrolo), belonging to the family Crassulaceae, is an important food crop and medicinal plant in the Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert. Chemometric profile of the n-hexane, chloroform, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 60% ethanol root extracts of R. imbricata were performed by hyphenated gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. GC/MS analysis was carried out using Thermo Finnigan PolarisQ Ion Trap GC/MS MS system comprising of an AS2000 liquid autosampler. Interpretation on mass spectrum of GC/MS was done using the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Database, with NIST MS search program v.2.0g. Chemometric profile of root extracts revealed the presence of 63 phyto-chemotypes, among them, 1-pentacosanol; stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3b,24S); 1-teracosanol; 1-henteracontanol; 17-pentatriacontene; 13-tetradecen-1-ol acetate; methyl tri-butyl ammonium chloride; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; 7,8-dimethylbenzocyclooctene; ethyl linoleate; 3-methoxy-5-methylphenol; hexadecanoic acid; camphor; 1,3-dimethoxybenzene; thujone; 1,3-benzenediol, 5-pentadecyl; benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy, 5methoxy; cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione; dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy; octadecane, 1-chloro; ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl); atocopherol; ascaridole; campesterol; 1-dotriacontane; heptadecane, 9-hexyl were found to be present in major amount. Eventually, in the present study we have found phytosterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, alkyl halides, phenols, alcohols, ethers, alkanes, and alkenes as the major group of phyto-chemotypes in the different root extracts of R. imbricata. All these compounds identified by GC/MS analysis were further investigated for their biological activities and it was found that they possess a diverse range of positive pharmacological actions. In future, isolation of individual phyto-chemotypes and subjecting them to biological activity will definitely prove fruitful results in designing a novel drug.
Pharmacognosy Journal
Aim: Rhodiola imbricata is an endangered medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan Leh-Ladakh region belonging to the family Crassulaceae. An efficient propagation and regeneration system via direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explant and evaluation of cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) was established in this study. Material and Methods: In vitro grown leaves were inoculated using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with (alpha)naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BAP) for callus proliferation and regeneration. Results: The highest percentage of rhizogenous callus was induced in medium containing NAA (10.0-15.0 µM). The highest percentage of shoot formation from leaf derived callus was obtained in the medium containing of NAA (5.0 µM) and BAP (2.5 µM) as well as in NAA (1.0 µM), BAP (5.0 µM) (38.88% and 37.49%) respectively. Rooting of regenerated shoots were effective when a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 μM) was used alone. A maximum number of roots (22.0) and higher length (0.6 cm) was observed. The in-vitro plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were acclimatized successfully to natural field conditions with a survival rate of over 80%. Cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) evaluation was also done for the very first time and an upregulation of 49.6% and 30.6% were observed in in-vitro roots and shoots when compared with mother root and shoot respectively. Hence, it was proved that the content of secondary metabolites obtained from in-vitro raised plants is higher than mother plant. Conclusion : These results may lay a foundation for genetic improvement and can be used to determine sequential level of targeted secondary metabolites through cell culture in Rhodiola imbricata.