The Changing Distribution of Educational Opportunities: 1993–2012 (original) (raw)
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How State Funding Models Can Cause Educational Inequality
International Journal Of Arts Humanities And Social Sciences Studies, 2023
Money matters in education. The method in which public schools are funded and how resources are allocated all impact the quality of education. Inequality in education is a persisting problem, and these inequalities go beyond money. Many critical educational services are systemically unavailable to students in lowincome districts, which ends up hurting these students in the long run. Inequalities exist regarding the difficulty of the curriculum, instructional quality, and the number of educational resources available. This paper discusses the different sources of public education at the local, state, and federal levels. Then, it will examine will how various state funding models may lead to educational inequality and propose financing strategies to address this issue.
Educational Policy, 2019
Ongoing federal efforts support equalizing access to experienced educators for low-income students and students of color, thereby narrowing the "teacher experience gap." I show that while high-poverty and high-minority schools have larger class sizes and receive less funding nationally, school districts allocate resource equitably, on average, across schools. However, the least experienced teachers are still concentrated in high-poverty and high-minority schools, both across and within districts. I then show that additional state and local funding is associated with more equitable district resource allocation. The study offers recommendations for state and federal education policy related to the Every Student Succeeds Act.
2002
This research report is part of a series entitled IN PURSUIT OF BETTER SCHOOLS: WHAT RESEARCH SAYS that is supervised by Bruce J. Biddle and David C. Berliner and supported by The Rockefeller Foundation. The series provides timely and trustworthy summaries of research on major issues facing education today, with special emphasis on how America's poor and minority students are affected by educational policies. Each report in the series reviews and evaluates research and scholarship on a specific topic and concludes with recommendations based on research knowledge available at the time of writing.
Education Law Center, 2019
Education Law Center (ELC). She conducts analysis to support litigation and public policy for ELC and partner organizations. Before joining ELC, she conducted research in the field of urban education on such topics as school choice, racial segregation, and school segregation. She has co-authored peerreviewed articles on how race affects perceptions of school quality and on parental involvement among low-income families. She holds a Ph.D. in sociology from Temple University.
Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas= Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2009
Abstract: This study explores within-district fiscal resource allocation across elementary schools in Texas and Ohio large city school districts and in their surrounding metropolitan areas. Specifically, I ask whether districts widely reported as achieving greater resource equity through adoption of Weighted Student Funding (WSF) have in fact done so. I compare Houston Independent School District (a WSF district) to other large Texas cities and Cincinnati (also using WSF) to other large Ohio cities. Using a conventional expenditure ...
Intradistrict Distribution of School Resources to the Disadvantaged: Evidence for the Courts
This paper details a method for investigating the equity aspects of distributions within school districts of educational resources. To illustrate how to systematically examine in detail the allocation of school resources, the relationship between the distribution of a large number of resources among Philadelphia's public schools and the distribution of black and low-income pupils among the schools was determined. It is concluded that when plaintiffs use aggregate and few measurements (per pupil expenditures, for example), defendants and the courts will have little difficulty in establishing that proof that any particular pattern of resource distribution indicates the achievement of equality of educational opportunity. It is held that only the extent to which the allocation matches fiat--the district's public policies of allocation--can be demonstrated; if unequal resource allocations are found, then the source of the fiat must be determined. Finally, it is argued that what is clearly needed is matching well-defined objectives of a school system with well-defined evidence of which school inputs are most relevant for which type of student.
Political economy of the inequality in school spending
Journal of Urban Economics, 2004
This paper employs data from 45 states between 1972 and 1992 to investigate the basic forces affecting school resource inequality within a state. We consider a wide range of determinants of inequality, including voter preferences, the tax and political structure within the state, and the legal standing of education within the state constitution. We find that state constitutional language regarding equity affects the degree of school spending equality in the state, as does the political environment in the state and factors associated with the benefits and costs of Tiebout sorting into school districts. (D.N. Figlio).
Intradistrict Equity of Public Education Resources and
2016
This paper analyzes the distribution of resources and performance across 840 New York City elementary and middle schools. It presents empirical evidence on input and output of equity of expenditures, teacher resources, and academic achievement. Historically, researchers have studied interdistrict distributions, but given the large number of pupils and schools within many urban districts, it is important to learn about intradistrict distributions as well. The empirical work is built on a framework of horizontal, vertical, and equal opportunity equity. Data come from three sources published by the New York City Board of Education: "School