Economic Burden of Child Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence in the United States (original) (raw)
Related papers
Beginning to Understand the Economic Costs of Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence
International journal of child, youth and family studies, 2014
Intimate partner violence comprises 37% of violent crime in Canada, imposing significant economic costs on society. Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence is a well-documented phenomenon, but the resulting costs are less understood. Some research has found that children exposed to intimate partner violence are at a greater risk of developing health and behavioural problems that potentially impact these children as well as society as a whole. However, there is no known estimate of the economic costs of this exposure to intimate partner violence. In this paper, we develop a simple model to estimate these costs. We estimate that each year there are approximately 125,000 new children exposed to intimate partner violence generating a yearly economic cost to society of 759millionforthatonecohortofchildreninCanada.Overaperiodof10years,thisonecohortwouldimposeaneconomiccostof759 million for that one cohort of children in Canada. Over a period of 10 years, this one cohort would impose an economic cost of 759millionforthatonecohortofchildreninCanada.Overaperiodof10years,thisonecohortwouldimposeaneconomiccostof7.0 billion, and this is substantially underestimated because it does not include the new sets of children exposed to intimate partner violence each year. As such, the potential for societal economic cost savings resulting from the prevention of intimate partner violence is significant.
Lifetime Economic Burden of Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Adults
American journal of preventive medicine, 2018
This study estimated the U.S. lifetime per-victim cost and economic burden of intimate partner violence. Data from previous studies were combined with 2012 U.S. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey data in a mathematical model. Intimate partner violence was defined as contact sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking victimization with related impact (e.g., missed work days). Costs included attributable impaired health, lost productivity, and criminal justice costs from the societal perspective. Mean age at first victimization was assessed as 25 years. Future costs were discounted by 3%. The main outcome measures were the mean per-victim (female and male) and total population (or economic burden) lifetime cost of intimate partner violence. Secondary outcome measures were marginal outcome probabilities among victims (e.g., anxiety disorder) and associated costs. Analysis was conducted in 2017. The estimated intimate partner violence lifetime cost was $103,767 pe...
International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice
Rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), child physical and sexual abuse, and adolescent births, have declined dramatically since 1993. Research has confirmed increased risk of physical and psychological abuse of children living in homes with IPV or with adolescent parents. We wondered how much of the decline observed in child abuse substantiations could be attributed to reductions in IPV and adolescent childbearing. Accordingly, we examined the rates of substantiated abuse for each U.S. state for the period 2001-2013, as state-level estimates for both IPV and teen pregnancy rates were also available for this period. We modeled the reduction in substantiated child physical, sexual, and psychological abuse by state and combined these data for a national estimate. With a national decline in substantiated child physical abuse of 182.9 cases per 1000,000 children for the period from 2001 to 2013, 7.5% of the decline was attributable to the decline in adolescent births, and 4.9% could be attributed to the decline in IPV. The reduction in births to adolescents was also associated with 9.5% of the reduction in substantiated sexual abuse over the same years. Policy efforts to reduce IPV and adolescent births appear also to have contributed to a decline in child maltreatment.
Intimate Partner Violence and Health Care Costs and Utilization for Children Living in the Home
Pediatrics, 2007
Objective. The goal was to determine whether differences in health care costs and utilization exist for children whose mothers experienced intimate partner violence versus those who did not. Methods. A longitudinal cohort study was performed in an integrated health care delivery organization with 760 children of mothers with no history of intimate partner violence and 631 children of mothers with a history of intimate partner violence since age 18. Health care utilization and costs for children before, during, and after intimate partner violence exposure were compared with utilization and costs for children with nonabused mothers. Results. Health care utilization and health care costs were higher in most categories of care for children of mothers with a history of intimate partner violence, with significantly higher values for mental health services, primary care visits, primary care costs, and laboratory costs. Children of mothers with a history of intimate partner violence that en...
International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 2014
Children living in homes where intimate partner violence occurs are often exposed to such violence through witnessing, seeing its effects, hearing about it, or otherwise being made aware that violence is taking place between parents or caregivers. Exposure to intimate partner violence is considered to be a form of child maltreatment, and affected children are often also the victims of targeted child abuse. This paper presents findings from a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of exposure to intimate partner violence for children and youth, focusing on: (a) neurological disorders; (b) physical health outcomes; (c) mental health challenges; (d) conduct and behavioural problems; (e) delinquency, crime, and victimization; and (f) academic and employment outcomes. The notion of cascading effects informed our framework and analysis as it became evident that the individual categories of impacts were not only closely related to one another, but in a dynamic fashion also influence each other in multiple and interconnected ways over time. The research reviewed clearly shows that children who are exposed to intimate partner violence are at significant risk for lifelong negative outcomes, and the consequences are felt widely in society.
Assessing Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2009
Child exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is widely acknowledged as a threat to the psychosocial and academic well-being of children. Unfortunately, as reflected in the literature, the specific link between such exposure and childhood outcomes is ambiguous. Based on a review of the literature, this article suggests that this state of affairs is due, in part, to the manner with which exposure to IPV is operationally defined. After reviewing the dominant strategies for operationally defining exposure to IPV and the problems associated with those strategies, this article reports original data contrasting three measures derived from maternal reports, three measures derived from child reports, and the limited concordance among those different indices of exposure to IPV. The implications of these findings for research on child outcomes and the clinical assessment of children who might have been exposed to IPV are discussed.
Impact of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Adversities
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other adversities has been shown to have adverse effects on health and well-being not only in childhood but also throughout the lifespan. This paper focuses on the prevalence of childhood adversities including exposure to IPV. The intersection of adverse childhood experiences and IPV victimization/perpetration in adulthood is also explored. The neurobiology of trauma is discussed and by understanding the impact of trauma on health, it is hoped that enhancement of resilience is possible. Based on the identification of protective factors at the individual, familial, and community level, examples of interventions that encourage safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between parents and children are described.
Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence and other family violence
This bulletin discusses the data on exposure to family violence in the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV), the most comprehensive nationwide survey of the incidence and prevalence of children’s exposure to violence to date, sponsored by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (see “History of the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence,” p. 2). An earlier bulletin (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, and Kracke, 2009) presented an overview of children’s exposure to conventional crime, child maltreatment, other types of physical and sexual assault, and witnessing community violence. For more information on the survey methodology, see “Methodology,” p. 5. This bulletin explores in depth the NatSCEV survey results regarding exposure to family violence among children in the United States, including exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), assaults by parents on siblings of children surveyed, and other assaults involving teen and adult household members. These results confirm that children are exposed to unacceptable rates of violence in the home. More than 1 in 9 (11 percent) were exposed to some form of family violence in the past year, including 1 in 15 (6.6 percent) exposed to IPV between parents (or between a parent and that parent’s partner). One in four children (26 percent) were exposed to at least one form of family violence during their lifetimes. Most youth exposed to family violence, including 90 percent of those exposed to IPV, saw the violence, as opposed to hearing it or other indirect forms of exposure. Males were more likely to perpetrate incidents that were witnessed than females, with 68 percent of youth witnessing only violence by males. Father figures were the most common perpetrators of family violence, although assaults by mothers and other caregivers were also common. Children often witness family violence, and their needs should be assessed when incidents occur. These are the most comprehensive and detailed data ever collected at the national level on this topic.