A New Unifying Archetype to Implementing Islamic Economics and Sustainability Goals (original) (raw)

Climate and environmental crisis 1985 Discovery of the destruction of the ozone layer. 1986 Chernobyl explosion. 1988 James Hansen discovers the greenhouse effect. 1995 The IPCC concludes that human activity has an influence on the planetary climate. 2011 Partial merger of three Fukushima reactors. 2017 Thomas fire in California. 2019 Giant fires in Australia and Siberia. 25,000 people die of hunger every day (United Nations) and 821 million people in the world suffer from malnutrition (OXFAM). Anthropogenic CO2 emissions have continued to grow. In the space of 200 years, concentrations of CO2 in the air have been reached not seen for at least 800,000 years (Bereiter et al., 2015). 15.3 billion trees are cut each year and since agriculture began around 12,000 years ago, the number of trees on Earth has fallen by 46% (Crowther et al. (2015). Almost a million species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction. 8 million tonnes of plastic waste ends up at sea each year. Policy responses 1987 Montreal Protocol.