Economical potential of unutilised agricultural area in Poland. Scenario of crop production resumption, the first approximate evaluation (original) (raw)
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Polish Journal of Soil Science, 2018
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A Range and Reasons of Farmland Withdrawal from Agricultural Use in Poland
EU agrarian Law
The aim of this paper was to analyze reasons and a range of changes in agricultural land areas due to allocation them for non-agricultural purposes across a period of 1990-2015 in Poland. This phenomena has not been sufficiently considered till now. Lack of this knowledge does not allow effective reduction of the decline of agricultural land by appropriate legislation and administrative action, especially on urban areas. In Poland, a significant proportion of agricultural land is allocated annually for non-agricultural purposes, which is connected with their permanent withdrawal from agricultural production. The permanent decline in the area of agricultural land in the country has been observed since the beginning of the systemic transformation. The dominant direction of the land withdrawal for non-agricultural purposes is their allocation to housing construction. In 1995 the Law on the protection of agricultural and forest land was introduced. This law includes strengthened economi...
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Miscellanea Geographica
Agricultural land covers more than half the area of metropolitan areas in Poland, and is therefore particularly prone to the influences of the processes associated with their development. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in agricultural land cover within the metropolitan areas of Poland for the years 1990–2012; and to capture their dynamics, types and directions. The percentage share of the total study area, for each of the forms of agricultural land cover and their changes were traced, with the spatial distribution of the changes also being determined. The results of the study show that in metropolitan areas, agricultural land cover is undergoing transformations that do not result in the loss of agricultural lands, or that involve a decrease in surface area due to their change into anthropogenic forms of land cover. The greatest transitions occurred between 2000 and 2006 and were observed in the outer zones of metropolitan areas.
Changes in the Use of Agricultural Land in Poland and Czech Republic
Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2019
This article raises the issue of changes in the structure of agricultural land use in Poland and the Czech Republic since the accession of both countries into the structures of the European Union. An important question raised in this article is the analysis of changes in the area structure of agricultural holdings according to the adopted agricultural land groups. The analyses were based on the graphic method of analysing the concentration strength, i.e. the Lorenz curve, to determine the distribution of the number and surface area of agricultural farms in the given area groups and the percentage share of such farms in these area groups. Additionally, the Gini coefficient was calculated for the same phenomena, to measure the concentration (inequality) of the random variable distribution. The research showed the structural change trends in the agricultural area of the analysed countries as well as varied structural situation of agricultural holdings during the accession period. The condition translates into a slower pace of structural change of agricultural holdings in Poland and a faster process of enlarging the area of agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic.
Article Financial Dilemmas Associated with the Afforestation of Low-Productivity Farmland in Poland
2014
In Poland, 82% of forests are State-owned, and only 17% of forests constitute private property. Each year, forests are converted to other land-use types, mainly for road construction. The afforestation rate on privately-owned low-productivity land is decreasing steadily. The owners and perpetual usufructuaries of this kind of land are eligible to government subsidies to cover establishment expenditures in whole or in part, provided that the afforestation scheme complies with the local zoning plan or an outline planning permission. The above creates a dilemma for farmers-is this a profitable option of managing low-productivity land? Owners of small farms particularly often face such dilemmas. Owners of small farms, which consist of low-yield agricultural land, can be regarded as investors operating on the real estate market, but those investors have features characteristic of agricultural producers. This study relied on the net present value (NPV) criterion, which is popularly used to assess the effectiveness of investments on the real estate market. A financial feasibility assessment performed with the use of such method in view of afforestation statistics and the 5% discount rate on the Polish forest market
Financial Dilemmas Associated with the Afforestation of Low-Productivity Farmland in Poland
Forests, 2014
In Poland, 82% of forests are State-owned, and only 17% of forests constitute private property. Each year, forests are converted to other land-use types, mainly for road construction. The afforestation rate on privately-owned low-productivity land is decreasing steadily. The owners and perpetual usufructuaries of this kind of land are eligible to government subsidies to cover establishment expenditures in whole or in part, provided that the afforestation scheme complies with the local zoning plan or an outline planning permission. The above creates a dilemma for farmers-is this a profitable option of managing low-productivity land? Owners of small farms particularly often face such dilemmas. Owners of small farms, which consist of low-yield agricultural land, can be regarded as investors operating on the real estate market, but those investors have features characteristic of agricultural producers. This study relied on the net present value (NPV) criterion, which is popularly used to assess the effectiveness of investments on the real estate market. A financial feasibility assessment performed with the use of such method in view of afforestation statistics and the 5% discount rate on the Polish forest market
EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, 2020
Purpose: Intensive development of agriculture has led to the loss of many valuable ecosystems and thus to a significant impoverishment of biodiversity in rural areas. In the context of the analysed research problem, i.e. the functioning of agriculture in N2000 areas, Poland is a special country where there are semi-natural unique habitats disappearing in the European landscape. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of conservation measures financed under the EU CAP on agricultural land located on N2000 areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analytical material consisted of the results of surveys using a standardized questionnaire which carried out among 292 farmers (152 organic farmers and 140 conventional farmers) from the the area of N2000 "Biebrza Valley" PLH200008. The assumptions were verified based on the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA analysis and gamma rank correlation. The analytical material also consisted of EUROSTAT data on the area of the N2000 network and the area of agricultural land covered by this form of protection in EU countries. These data were subject to horizontal and vertical (years 2009-2017) comparative analysis. Findings: Polish experience regarding the implementation of conservation measures on naturally valuable agricultural land (N2000) allows to state that environmental policy should be based on the idea of socially sustainable agriculture, including ecological sustainability (proper delimitation of areas predestined for protection, their environmental valorisation, development of conservation measures and their implementation, a bonus system for the sustainability of agri-environmental commitments), economic sustainability (the system of agricultural subsidies and/or other solutions to meet the basic living needs of farmers and their families), social sustainability (effective inclusion of local communities in information, education and decision-making processes at the stages of development, deployment and implementation of protection programs).
Environmentally sustainable agriculture in Poland - economic assessment
Agriculture is particularly addicted to natural environment, due to the necessity of nat-ural resources exploitation in the process of agricultural production. Intensive agricultural activity can cause exhaustion of the natural resources and some reduction in agricultural productivity. This interrelation substantiate promoting different forms of sustainable agricul-ture, that ensure, on the one hand, the volume and profitability of agricultural production, on the other hand, respect for the natural environment. The paper objective is the economic account presentation of different forms of envi-ronment sustainable agriculture in Poland. There were analyzed a few groups of farms with a different range of agrienvironmental prac-tices, such as: a) industrial – specialized in cereal intensive production; b) sustainable – with balanced plant and animal production; c) ecological – organized according with legal rules, d) norfolk – with balanced plant production; e) agrienvironmetal – taking part in rural develop-ment program. Economic efficiency was calculated on the basis of productive and economic indicators, i.a.: total farm output, farm gross value added, family farm income. The analysis was based on Farm Accountancy Data Network 2012, that covered 11 000 holdings - the rep-resentative sample for commodity farms in Poland (750 000).
2014
This study was an attempt to forecast changes which are likely to take place in Polish agriculture in the future. Taking into consideration expected macroeconomic, social, cultural, demographic trends, etc., it was determined which farming systems would be dominant, new functions to be served by agriculture were analysed, probable ways of farm evolution were indicated (polarization and dual development), while issues of the volume of production in agriculture and the number of farms in Poland up to the year 2030 were discussed.